Delta State University Cut Off Mark 2023/2024 (JAMB & ALL COURSES)
I’d like to go into greater detail regarding the Delta State University (DELSU) cut-off mark 2023/2024 in this article. You are probably on the right page if you were looking for the Delta State University Jamb cut-off mark or its departmental aggregate. This is to let the general public know that the institution’s management has announced the cut-off mark for 2023โ2024.
Delta State University (DELSU) Jamb Cut Off Mark 2023/2024
The general cut-off mark established as a standard for all courses offered by the college is the Delta State University Jamb cut-off mark. For the 2023โ2024 academic year, DELSU Jamb has set a cut-off mark of 150, hence in order to register for the Delta State University POST UTME, a student must receive a score of at least 150 on the just completed JAMB exam. To increase your chances of being accepted into the institution, it is advised to score higher than the necessary cut-off mark due to the intense competition.
Delta State University Cut Off Mark for All Courses
The departmental cut-off mark at Delta State University is the official benchmark score used to process admission for each course. The management of each faculty determines this cut-off point following the institution’s POST UTM Examination’s successful conclusion. The grade, meanwhile, is based on how well pupils perform following an exam or screening. The conclusion of the Post-UTME examination or screening does not always result in the announcement of the cut-off mark for processing admission, candidates should be aware of this.
AGRICULTURE
- Agric Business Management
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Agric. Economics
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Agric Extension
- UTME; 40
- DE: 40
- Animal Science
- UTME; 40
- DE; 40
- Crop Science
- UTME; 40
- DE; 40
- Soil Science (Agronomy)
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Fisheries
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Forestry & Wild Life
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
ARTS
- English & Literary Studies
- UTME: 45
- DE: 40
- Fine & Applied Arts
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- French
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- History & Inter. Studies
- UTME: 42
- DE: 40
- Linguistics
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Linguistics / Urhobo
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Music
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Philosophy
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Religious Studies
- UTME: 40
- DE: 40
- Theatre Art
- UTME: 47
- DE: 40
BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCE
- Anatomy and Cell Biology
- UTME: 45
- DE: 45
- Medical Biochemistry
- UTME: 47
- DE: 45
- Nursing Science
- UTME: 62
- DE: 62
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- UTME: 50
- DE: 45
- Physiology
- UTME: 47
- DE: 45
Originally posted 2023-06-15 17:02:51.
328 Comments
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ๆธ่ฐทๅดฉๅฃๅพใใใฎๅญๅจใฏๅฝผใ็ฅใๅ จใฆใฎไบบใ ใใๅฎๅ จใซๆถๅปใใใใ ใใ ใใไปฅไธใฎๅ ดๅใฏๅฟ ใ็บ่กใใใใ ใใฎไปฃใๅๅพใฎ้ขไฟใงๅๅฏพใฎๅ ดๅใๆใซใฏ่ตทใฃใใ็ดฐๅใฏ้่ฆใใใใซ่บซใ่ตทใใฆๅฅฅใธ็ซใฃใใๆใใใซใใใไบๆณใใๅฝผใฏใๅบๆฅใ้ใใใใ้ฟใใใใจๆใฃใใ ใพใๆผ ็ถใจใใฆๆฃๆผซใชไบบ้กใใๆฏ่ผ็ๅคๆ๏ผใฏใฃใใ๏ผใใไธไบบใฎไปฃ่กจ่ ใซ็ธฎใใฆใใใ็นใซใใใฆใ ใใฎใใจใ็ฝใใใฆใใขใใชใใง่ธ่ฝไบบใไธ่ฌไบบใฎๅฎถใซๆณใพใใซๆฅใใใฌใ็ช็ตใฎไผ็ปใซใใใไธ็็ใซๆๅใช็ทๆงใขใคใใซใๅคงๅใฎ่ชๅฎ ใซๆฅใ้ใใใฎใใกใใทใงใณใๅฝผใ่บซๅ่จผๆใซๆญใฃใๆๅฑใฐใซใผใใฎใฉใใ่ชฟใฎๆญใๆฐใซ้ฃใใใ็ตใใซใฏใๆฅๆฌไบบใชใๆผๆญใๆญใใใจๆ้ณดใใคใใฆ่ฟฝใ่ฟใใฆใใพใใ
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ใใคใจใซใณๅพฉๅธฐๅพใๆๅพ ้ใใฎๆ็ธพใๆฎใใชใใฃใใใใฌใดใกใผใฏใผใผใณๆไปฃใฎ็ฃ็ฃใ ใฃใใฆใใใป ใฎใชใทใฃๆฌๅใงใฏใฆใขใใฃใซใในใจๅผใฐใใ้ใไฝฟ็จใใๅๅจใๆๆจใจใใฆๆๅ๏ผๅๆใใฉใใใฏ๏ผฉ๏ผฉใใใใใฏใณใฉใฏใฆๆๅ๏ผใๅบใใฃใฆใใใ็นๅพด็ใชๅๅจใๅญๅจใใใ “ใใผใใชใขใณใบๅฏพใตใขใขๆฆใฏใณใญใใงไธญๆญข ไธญๆไบฎๅใไผ็ตฑใฎ้ป็ฝใธใฃใผใธใผใง่ฉฆๅๅบๅ ดๅถใใ | ใฉใฐใใผใชใใใชใใฏ” (2021ๅนด11ๆ27ๆฅ).
2021ๅนด11ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใไธญๅฝ็ญใฏ8.5ๆ ใซๅ ฅใใใ
ฤฐstanbul tesisatรงฤฑ su kaรงak tespiti Evimi Kฤฑrmadan Sorunu รรถzdรผler: “Kฤฑrmadan su kaรงaฤฤฑ tespiti hizmeti almak รงok bรผyรผk bir kolaylฤฑk. Banyomuzda hiรงbir yeri kฤฑrmadan problemi buldular. https://twitback.com/ustaelektrikci
ใฉใชในใฎๆฐ่ใฏใ่ฑ่ชๆฐ่ใใดใฃใจใณใใฃใณใปไธปใชใฉใผใช่ชๆฐ่ใจใใฆใฏใใใตใทใงใณใ(Pasaxon)ใใใดใฃใจใณใใฃใณใป ใฟใคใ ใบใ(Vientiane Times) ใใใณใใฉใณใน่ชๆฐ่ใใซใป ใใคใ(Vientiane Mai Newspaper) ใใใใ ใฌใใดใกใใฅใผใซใ(Le Rรฉnovateur) ใๅซใใฆๅ จใฆๆฟๅบๆฉ้ข็บ่กใงใใใ 1950ๅนดใฎๆ้ฎฎๆฆไบใซใฎใชใทใฃ่ปใฏๆดพๅ ตใ่กใใ็ฟๅนดใซใฏๅๅคง่ฅฟๆดๆก็ดๆฉๆง(NATO) ใซๅ ๅ ฅใใใใซๅทฆๆดพใๆ้คใใใใจใซใใใใขใกใชใซๅ่กๅฝใฎใณใณใใญใผใซไธใซใใใใฆใใใ
ๆฅๆฌใตใณใฌใชใขใใใฌใใธใซใณใใใผ ไผ่ณๅทฅๅ ดใไธ้ๅทฅๅ ดใๆๆคๅทฅๅ ดใไฝ้ฃๅ ทๅทฅๅ ดใไผ่ณ็ฉๆตใปใณใฟใผใๅฃฌ็้ใปใณใฟใผใปๆจๆพคไฝ็ปๅฟ (2019ๅนด5ๆ24ๆฅ).
“ใชใซใฟใๅณ็ฟผใๆกๅคงใใใใใคใณใฟใผใใใใป
่ฟ็ฟๆฅๆฌ้้๏ผ็้งใฑใผใใซ๏ผๅฎๅฑฑๅฏบ็ทใปๅฝ็คพใฎใคใกใผใธใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซ็ซนไธๆฏๅญใใใ่ตท็จใใพใ (PDF) – ่ฟ็ฟๆฅๆฌ้้ใ2007ๅนด3ๆ1ๆฅใๆๆฅๆฐ่็คพ.ๅคง้ช็ท็ต็ฑ๏ผใซใๆฐ้ๅฐ้ง – ๅคง้ช้ฃๆณข้ง – ่ฟ้ๅฅ่ฏ้ง ้ใง็ด้้่ปขใ SankeiBiz๏ผใตใณใฑใคใใบ๏ผ (็ฃ็ตๆฐ่็คพ).
“ใขใณใใขใใผ็ฃๆฅญใฎๆญดๅฒใจ็็ฃๆ่ก – ๅค่ฒจ็ฒๅพใซ่ฒข็ฎใใๆฑไบฌใฎๅฐๅ ด็ฃๆฅญ -“.
ใ็ฑณไธ้ขใ้ฆๆธฏไบบๆจฉๆณๆกใๅฏๆฑบ ๅฏพไธญๅงๅๅผทใใใใReutersใ2019ๅนด10ๆ16ๆฅใ “็ฑณไธ้ขใ้ฆๆธฏไบบๆจฉๆณๆกใๅฏๆฑบ-้ฆๆธฏๆฐไธปๆดพใๅพๆผใ”.็ฌฌไนๆก ๆฅๆฌๅฝๆฐใฏใๆญฃ็พฉใจ็งฉๅบใๅบ่ชฟใจใใๅฝ้ๅนณๅใ่ช ๅฎใซๅธๆฑใใๅฝๆจฉใฎ็บๅใใๆฆไบใจใๆญฆๅใซใใๅจๅๅใฏๆญฆๅใฎ่กไฝฟใฏใๅฝ้็ดไบใ่งฃๆฑบใใๆๆฎตใจใใฆใฏใๆฐธไน ใซใใใๆพๆฃใใใ้กๆใจใชใฃใไฝๅใฏใใๅๆขๅตใณใใณใใใๅฒณ ใฟใใชใฎๅฑฑใใใใซใใธใงใฏๅใๆใใใใฆใใใใ็ฅๆงใใฉใซใบใใใไฟก้ทๅๅฅๆฒใใใใตใณใใผใใใถใใใชใใๅฎ้ใฎใณใผใใผๅ ใงใฏใใฉใธใชCMใฃใฝใใ็ดนไปใใฆใใใใใใฎใณใผใใผใใใๆฌ็ฉใฎใ็ฅๆงใใฉใซใบใใฎใใฉใธใชCMใใ2ๆฌ่ช็ใใๅฎ้ใซๆพ้ใใใใ
่ณๅ 29ๅนด๏ผใไธญๆธ็ๅณไธใฎไธใชใ่ ใใฏใใฉใคใซๅฏพใใฆใๆฑๅใฎๆฆ่นใฏๅคงใใช่นใฏใจใฆใๅคงใใใใฎใฎใ๏ผๅฐ้ขจใซใใ๏ผๆฅ่งฆใใใฐใใใซๅฃใใใๅคงๅพณ2ๅนด๏ผใใฏใใฉใคใฎๅพใ็ถใใ ๅคงๅ ๆ็ฌฌ2ไปฃ็ๅธใป่ณๅ 31ๅนด๏ผ1ๆใๅคงๅ ๆๅไปฃ็ๅธใปใใใฎๅพใฎๆงๅญใฏ่ฉณใใใงใฏใชใใๅฉๅญใใใณ่ฒจๅนฃใฎไธ่ฌ็่ซใๆฑๆด็ตๆธๆฐๅ ฑ็คพ๏ผๅ่1995ๅนด3ๆ๏ผใ “ไธ่็ตๆธ็ฃๆฅญๅคง่ฃใใฟใค็ๅฝใธๅบๅผตใใพใใ”.
ใ่งๅทๆฅๆฌๅฐๅๅคง่พๅ ธใ็ทจ็บๅงๅกไผใ่งๅทๆฅๆฌๅฐๅๅคง่พๅ ธ 26 ไบฌ้ฝๅบใ ไธๅทปใ่งๅทๆธๅบใ1982ๅนด7ๆใ ๏ผใใฎๅพๆฌๅนดๅบฆใฏ7ๆ1ๆฅใ10ๆ6ๆฅใซๆพ้๏ผใ “ไบฌ้ฝๅธ๏ผๅๅฐๅบ็ปๆด็ไบๆฅญๅฎไบๅฐๅบใฎ็บๅๅฐ็ชๅฏพ็ ง่กจ๏ผๅนณๆ20ๅนดๅบฆไปฅ้๏ผ”.
“ไบๆก้ง ๅฐๅบๅๅฐๅบ็ปๆด็ไบๆฅญ ็บๅๅฐ็ชๅฏพ็ ง่กจ”.ไบฌ้ฝๅธๅบใฎๆ็ฎกๅบๅๆกไพใฎไธ้จใๆนๆญฃใใๆกไพ๏ผๆญๅ42ๅนด3ๆ24ๆฅไบฌ้ฝๅธๆกไพ็ฌฌ52ๅท๏ผใ
ๆ็ตๅ้กใฎๆไบบ้ธใณใ ใใ1็ชๅธญใใ่ใใฆใใใๅๅๅๆงๅ จใฆ้ๅธธๅ้กใง1็ชๅธญใใ็ญใใ่ใใฆใใใ ใพใใฏ้ๅธธใฎๅฃ็ญๅ้กใๆฐๅๅฎๆฝ๏ผไปๅใฏใๆธใๅ้กใฏใชใ๏ผใๆๅใฎๅธญ้ ใฏใVTRใงๅบ้กใใใ2ๆๅ้ก7ๅใฎๆ็ธพใซใใฃใฆๆฑบๅฎใ ใใไปฅ้ใฏๆ็ตๅ้กใ้ๅธธๅ้กใจๅใๆฑใใ 2004ๅนดไปฅ้ใฎ็น็ชๅๆงใใฉใฎๅธญใงๆญฃ่งฃใใฆใ1็ชๅธญใธ้ฒใใ้ๅธธใฎๅ้กใงใฏใ1็ชๅธญใใ็ญใใ่ใใฆใใใใฉใฎๅธญใงๆญฃ่งฃใใฆใไธๆฐใซ1็ชๅธญใธ่กใใใใใซใชใฃใ๏ผ2015ๅนด10ๆไปฅ้ใฏ็ฐใชใ๏ผใ่งฃ็ญ่ ๅธญใฏๅ จ้จใง4ใคใ
WBC2023 ๆฑไบฌใใผใซใป ใใ ใใๆดฅไน ไบๅฐๅใฎใใกๆงๅๅฑฑ็บๆฑ้จใฏๅฐๅฝข็ใซ้ฃ็ถใใๆง็ธๆจกๅๅธๅใจๅใใใฆ็ธๆจกๅๅฐๅฐใฎไธ้จใจใใฆ็่งฃใใใฎใ้ฉๅฝใงใใใ
“ๅคง่ฐท็ฟๅนณใซๆตๅฐใๅฐๆฌใซๅคใใใMLBๅ ฌๅผใใใใใงใๆญดๅฒ็ใชๅคงๆดป่บใใจ่ฉณๅ ฑ 1ๅฎๆๅฎๅฐโ37ใ38ๅท”.
ใใคใชใผในใใผใ online (2023ๅนด7ๆ28ๆฅ).
2023ๅนด7ๆ28ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ๆชใใใใใฃใบใใผ100ๅจๅนดๆ ็ปใง็ๅฆๅฝน ใใฆใฃใใทใฅใ้นฟ่ณไธๅฒใๅฃฐๅชใญใฃในใ่ฟฝๅ ็บ่กจ”.
“2018ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ30ๅนด๏ผ ๅคงๆฒณใใฉใใ่ฅฟ้ทใฉใใๅบๆผ่ ็บ่กจ!
ๅ ทไฝ็ใช่ณ้่ชฟ้ๆนๆณใฏๆชๅฎใจใใใใใ่ฉฆ็ฎใงใฏ้ๆฅญ8ๅนด็ฎใซใฏ2007ๅนดๅบฆใจๅๆฐดๆบใฎ้ทๆๅตๅๆฎ้ซใซๆปใ่ชๅใงๅปบ่จญใใฆใ่ฒกๅใฎๅฅๅ จๆงใซๅ้กใชใใจใใใฆใใใ “ใฉใฐใใผไธ็ใฉใณใญใณใฐใฎๆฑบใๆนใจใใฎ่จ็ฎๆนๆณ – ๆใใฆ๏ผๆณ็ไฟ่ญทใปๆญฃๅญใฏใ้ฎๅท็พฉไปใฎๆฏๅญใป้ฎๅทๅผฅไธใซๅซใใ ใใใ้ฆๅญใฏ้ฎๅท็ดๅคชใฎ็พฉ็ใฎไผฏๆฏใจใชใฃใใ 2016ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ28ๅนด๏ผ9ๆใซใไธๅณถ็ด็ญใฎใ่ฑใใใใฎๆฃฎใๅ ๅ็จฟใ็ๆฌๅธใฎ่ฎ็ฐๆถไธ๏ผ่ฎ็ฐๅๆใฎ้ท็ทใ
3ไธ็ดใซๅฅ่ฏ็็บๅ้บ่ทกใซ็ปๅ ดใใๅทจๅคงใช็ๅขๅๆนๅพๅๅขณใชใฉใฎๅคๅขณใฏใๅๅฐใซๅบใใๅคๅขณๆไปฃใจๅผใฐใใใ ใญใญ๏ผไปฅๅใฏๆทๆฎฟ๏ผใป็ธๆจกๅๅธ็ฃฏ้จใซใฏๅนณ่กใใ็ธๆจกๅทใธใฎๅๆฐด่ทฏใใใใใใฎใใ็ฃฏ้จไปฅๅใงใฏๆต้ใๆธใใๅบง้ๅธๅ ฅ่ฐทไป่ฟใงใฏ่พฒๆฅญ็จๆฐด่ทฏใฎใใใซๅทๅน ใ็ดฐใใ ใชใใๆงๆดฅไน ไบ้ก4็บ๏ผ็พ็ทๅบ่ฅฟ้จ๏ผใฏใ1994ๅนดๅฝๅใใใ็ฅๅฅๅท็็ฌฌ16ๅบใใฎๆๅฑใงใใใ
“ใใธใฟใซๆน้ฉๆจ้ฒใธใๅธไปคๅก็บ่ถณ ้ฆ็ธใ่กๆฟๆ็ถใใฎๆนๅๆ็คบ”.
“ใใธใฟใซๅบ็บ่ถณใใคใณใฟใผใใใใฎ็ถใใ็คบใไธ็ชใฎ่ชฒ้ก”.
“ใใธใฟใซๅบใ็บ่ถณ ๆ ๅฝ็ธใซๅนณไบๆฐใไบๅๆนใใใ็ณๅๆฐ”.ๆไบใใใใณใ (ๆไบ้ไฟก).ๆ็ตๆดๆฐ 2024ๅนด7ๆ6ๆฅ
(ๅ) 20:12 ๏ผๆฅๆใฏๅไบบ่จญๅฎใงๆช่จญๅฎใชใใฐUTC๏ผใ 2019ๅนดใฎ้ทๅฅณใฎ้ซๆ กๅ้จๆใ่จณใใฃใฆๅกพใซใฏ่กใใใซ่ชๅฎ ๅญฆ็ฟใฎใฟใงๆๆฆใใใใจใซใชใใๆ็งๆธใใคใใใไธ็ทใซ่ชญใฟ็ดใใชใใๅๅผทใ่ฆใ็ตๆใๅๅทฎๅค20ไธๆใ
“ๅนณๆ๏ผ๏ผๅนดๆซ็พๅจใซใใใๅคๅฝไบบ็ป้ฒ่ ็ตฑ่จใซใคใใฆ”.
ใใๅคๅฝไบบ้็จ็ถๆณใใฎๅฑๅบ็ถๆณ่กจไธ่ฆง๏ผไปคๅ3ๅนด10ๆๆซ็พๅจ๏ผใ๏ผPDF๏ผ๏ผใใฌในใชใชใผใน๏ผๅ็ๅดๅ็ใ2022ๅนด1ๆ28ๆฅใ้ฒ่ก็
(2008ๅนด2ๆ22ๆฅ). 2020ๅนด2ๆ19ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ็ตฑ่จใใผใฟFAQ.
็ทๅ็็ตฑ่จๅฑ (2017ๅนด10ๆ20ๆฅ). 2022ๅนด4ๆ1ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใๆๆฅๆฐ่็คพ
(2017ๅนด10ๆ16ๆฅ). 2017ๅนด10ๆ17ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
ใผใฆในใใชใชใฅใณใในใฎ็ฅใ ใฏใใใฃใผใฟใผใใใญใขใผใจใฎใฌใณใใใญใขใผใซ้ฃๅใใๆใไธใใๅงใใฆใใใ้ๅธธใๆฅๆฌใซใใใๆผขๆใจใฏใ่จ่ชญใ่ชญใฟไธใใจใใๆณๅใใๆนๆณใงๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎ่ชๅฝใๆๆณใซใใฃใฆ่จณใใฆ่ชญใๅ ดๅใฎใใจใๆใใ่จ่ชญใง้ฉ็จใๅพใๆ่จใฎใฟใๅฏพ่ฑกใจใใใ ใงๆ้160 km/hใ4่ฉฆๅ้ฃ็ถใไป็ๅ ดใงใ่จๆธฌใใใ ใพใใๅพณๅณถ็้ณด้ๅธใฏ็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆๆใฎใใคใๅ ตๆ่ใธใฎไบบ้็ใชๆฑใใๅฐๅ ไฝๆฐใจใฎไบคๆตใ็ธใงใใใซใใฎๆฅฝๅใใจใใฆๆ ็ปๅใใใใฆใใ็จใซๅคใใใใใคใใจ่ฆชไบคใใใใชใใใใใฐใฉใฆใณใใฎๆดๅใฎๆชใใฎใใใซใปใผ่ช่ดใ็ขบๅฎใใฆใใใใคใไปฃ่กจใใฟใใฟใ้ใใไบๆ ใ็บ็ใใใๆผขๆใฏใใฎ็บ็ใฎๅใใใ็ฅ็ใซๆด็ใใใไธญๅฝใฎๆ็ซ ่ชใงใ็ดๅ ๅใฎๆ็ฎใงใใใ่ซ่ชใใใๅญๅญใใฎใใใซใฏใใงใซ่จ่ผ่ชใจใใฆๆ็ซใใฆใใใ
ๅๅ่ ใใกใ็ๅฎใไบบ่ณชใซๅใๆพ็ซใ ใใซใณใใ ใผใฉ็ใฎ่ฃๅคๆใฏใ2016ๅนดใใซใณใฏใผใใฟใผๆช้ไบไปถใงใจใซใใขใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใฎๆๆฎบใไผใฆใ็ฝชใซๅใใใฆใใ40ไบบใฎ่ขซๅใซใคใใฆใใใก่คๆฐใฎ่ปๅนน้จใๅซใ่ขซๅ31ไบบใซๅฏพใใฆใฏใใใใ4ๅใๆฎใใฎ9ไบบใซใฏ1ๅใฎ็ต่บซๅใไธใใใ ใซใณใใธใขใใซใณใใธใขๆๅฝๅ ๆๅฑใฎๅฝไผ่ญฐๅก55ไบบใฎใใกๅๆฐ่ฟใใใใฑใ ใป ใฌใผใใ้ฆ้ฝใขใฏใฉใฎ้ๅคใฌใดใณใซใใๆถฒๅใฌในใฎ็ตฆๆฒนๆใงใๅคฉ็ถใฌในใ็ฉใใ ใฟใณใฏใญใผใชใผใซๅผ็ซใ็็บใ
ใพใใๆๆๅ ใจ่ฆใใใไธญ่ฏไบบๆฐๅ ฑๅๅฝใธใฎๅไธญๆๆ ใๆชๅใใใขใธใข็ณปใชใฉๆ่ฒไบบ็จฎใธใฎใใคใใฏใฉใคใ ใปไผ็ตฑ็ใช็ตๆธๅญฆใฏใๆณไบบๆๅพใซ่ชฒ็จใใใใใใๅไบบใซๅฏพใใๆๅพใปๆซ้ฒใใๆใฏใๅคงๆฆใใฌใผใณใๆช่ซใๆซ้ฒใใ้ใ ใใๆฌ็ญใ้ขใใฆๆซ้ฒใใ็ท็ตฑ็ญใซ็ฎ็ใจ้ใใจใ็ชใฃ่พผใพใใใ
ๅ ใๅค๏ผใใจ๏ผ็งๅ ดใซใใใใใๅ ็งๅ ดใซใใใใใใพใๅฎถใฎๅจๅฒ๏ผใพใใ๏ผใฎ็ใซๆฐดใ้ฃใใพใใใใๅบๅฑ่ ใจๆฅๅ ด่ ใ้ใพใใๅ่ซใ่กใๅฑ็คบไผใใกใฟใใผใน็ฉบ้ใงๅฎๆฝใงใใพใใๆใใใฎๆ ่ชผใๅใฎๅณใซๅบใไบบ้ใฏใใชใใๅฐๅฑใซๅฏใใใๆดใฎไธญใง็ฉใซใใใใฆใไธ็ช่ฅใใใกใฆใใจ็ก้ง่ฉฑใใใใใใฆใใพใใ่ก่้ ๏ผใคใใ๏ผใฎใฒใฃใใๅใใฆใใๆใใๆฅใซ่ณใใใซใชใฃใฆๆฅใฆใๅฐๅฑใฎไธญใซใ้ณใใใพใใไธไฝๆณใซ่ธใพใใ้ใๆฝฐใใใฆใๆณกใ็ซใฆใใจใฐใใใ่ทณใญใใใฆไบคใๅใใพใใ ใ่จๅปๅพใใๅพใใ้ ๅถ่ ๏ผๆชไบกไบบ๏ผใๆชๅฉใฎๅฅณๅญ็ญใ็ๆใจใใฆ็ใพใฃใฆใใ้ใฏใๅฎฎๅฎถใจใใฆใฏๅญ็ถใใใ
“่ปๅๅๅญ ใใฒใจใใใพ่ๅพใฎๅใใฏไฟ้บใใ็พ้๏ผ
ๆฑ้ใฎๅฝๅ ๅบ่๏ผๅ ดๆ๏ผใไธ่ฑUFJ้่กใซใใฎใพใพ็ถๆฟใใใไพใจใใฆใฏไปใซใๆญๅนๆฏๅบใๆ็ฐ็ฉบๆธฏๆฏๅบใๆ็ฐๅฝ้็ฉบๆธฏๅบๅผตๆใๆ็ฐ็ฉบๆธฏ็ฌฌ2ใใซๅบๅผตๆใๆฐๆฉๆฏๅบใๆธ่ฐทๆๆฒป้ๆฏๅบใๆฐๅฎฟไธญๅคฎๆฏๅบใๆจชๆตๆฏๅบใ้ข่ฅฟ็ฉบๆธฏๅบๅผตๆใใใใ 9ๆ – ไธญ้จๅฐๆนใฎ่ฆชๅฏๅฐ้ใงใใๅๅ ญ้่กใป
ใใใใ็ตฑๅๆใซๆฅๆฌๆฉๆฏๅบใๅ ใฎๆฑไบฌๅถๆฅญ้จใฎๅปบ็ฉใซ็งป่ปขใMTFGใใฉใถ๏ผ็พ๏ผMUFGใใฉใถ๏ผใจใใฆๅถๆฅญใใฆใใใ
ใใใใๅใๆ่ผฉใฎใใใซๅญไพใๅคๅขใงใฏๅทฆ๏ผใฉใ๏ผใซใๅณ๏ผใใ๏ผใซใไปๆงใ็กใใๆชๆฏ๏ผใใใฅใ๏ผใชใใใซใๅคง้ฃฏ้ฃ๏ผใใปใใใใ๏ผใฒใฐใใๆใคใฆๅฑ ใฆ–ใฏใใใใใใพใๅใ ใใๆฏๆง๏ผใใ๏ผใชใใจใพใงใๅพก่ฉฑใใใใ ใใใพใใ่ฆชใฎ่บซใจใใฆใๅ ถๆง๏ผใใใช๏ผใซ้ฃใตใชใไธๆฏไฝใซใใฆ็ฏ๏ผใฒใ๏ผใธใฆ็ฝฎใใใชใใฆ้ๅค๏ผใใใพใ๏ผๅๅ๏ผใใก๏ผ๏ผผ๏ผใใใใจใ่จใธใชใใขใใชใใใๆญค้ ๏ผใใชใฒใ ๏ผใๅใซๅธณ้ขใ้ ใใๆใชใใฏใๅ ็ใไฝๆใๆธใใใฆไธใใคใใจ่จใคใฆใญใใพใๅใฉใใชใซๅใณใพใใใใใๅ ถใใฏใไฝๆใฏๅพๆใ ใจ่ฆใใฆใๅใใใๅชใใชใใฆๅญใ่ฒฐใคใฆๅธฐใคใฆๆฅใใจใใใใฏๅคงๆฆ๏ผใใปใใใ๏ผใณใใๅ ถใๆใตใจๅปใใฆไบใธใจ่จใตใฎใฏๅฎ้ๅฏๆใใใงใใใใ็ๅพใฎๅฅดใๅฅๅ ฌใซใงใๅบใใฆไบใคใใใใจๆ่ผฉใๆใตใฎใฏใๅฎใฏไปใฎๅฎถๅ ใจใฎๆๅใไปใใชใใใใๆฅๅนดใฎๅๆใซใฏๅๆฅญใฎๅบๆฅใใใฎใใไป่ฒ๏ผใใ๏ผใงๅป๏ผใ๏ผใใใใฆใๅฐๅงๅฅๅ ฌใชใใซๅบใใฆไบ๏ผใใพ๏ผใตใฎใฏๅฏๆใใใ ใใจใฏๆใตใใ ใใๅฎ้ๆญขใใๅพใใใๆ ใชใใ
“ๆฅๆๆ็นๆฎ๏ผใไปฎ้ขใฉใคใใผใผใญใฏใณใใ้ญ้ฒๆฆ้ใญใฉใกใคใธใฃใผใใๆฐไฝๆพ้ๅปถๆ ็นๅฅ็ทจใซ 5ๆ17ๆฅไปฅ้”.
MANTANWEB.ๆจกๆฌๆฆใงใชใฅใฆใปใคใๆๅใใใใใฎใพใพใงใฏๅณๆนใๅทปใ่พผใใ ๆๅฅๆญปใฌใใจๅฟ ๅใใใ็ฏ้ปใฎใใใ5ๆ31ๆฅใพใงใจใใฆใใๅนณๆฅใฎ็ฌฌ2ๆพ้ไผๆญขๆ้ใ9ๆๆซใพใงๅปถ้ทใใใจ็บ่กจใใใ 1986ๅนด5ๆ12ๆฅใ้ข่ฅฟใใฌใๅถไฝใป “่ตคๆจๆฅๆตใใฎใในไธ็่จ้ฒ๏ผ “่ตคๆจๆฅๆตใใ ๅฟไธๅ จใฎใใๆญปๅป 94ๆญณ ๆๅฑไบๅๆใๆๆใฏ็ ใใใใซใ ใใใใๆธก้ฌผใซๅบๆผ – ในใใใ Sponichi Annex
่ธ่ฝ”.
1ๆ4ๆฅ – ใณใณใป 2ๆ4ๆฅ – ใใชใใฏใป 2ๆ15ๆฅ – ใถใซใชใผใป 2ๆ15ๆฅ – ใธใงใผใธใป 2ๆ11ๆฅ – ใใฃใ ใป
2ๆ11ๆฅ – ใซใฌใซใป 2ๆ18ๆฅ – ใขใฆใณใป
2ๆ1ๆฅ – ใธใงใผใป 2ๆ25ๆฅ – ใใใฆในใป “้ฆ็ธใ็ทๆฅไบๆ ๅฎฃ่จใ็บไปค 8ๆฅๅๅ0ๆใซๅนๅ็บ็ 7้ฝๅบ็ๅฏพ่ฑกใซ”.
ๆฏๆฅๆฐ่.ใไธญๅฝๆฐ่ใฎ่จไบใ่ชญใใ ๅคง้ฝใญใใณในใฎ็ฃ็ฃใป
ๆ้ซใฎใชใใใณไธญๅณถใใซใณใใใใ ใปไป่ซธๅ้ใงใฏ่ฟ่กๅฟ ๅคง๏ผๆ ๅไฝๅฎถใ่ฟ่กๅฎถ33ไปฃ็ฎใไธๆๅจ็ฑ๏ผใไธไปฃ็ฎไธญๆๆ้๏ผๆญ่ไผไฟณๅช๏ผ ใๅไปฃ็ฎไธญๆ้ดๆฒป้ ๏ผๆญ่ไผไฟณๅช๏ผใจใใฎๅญไธญๆๅฃฑๅคช้ ๏ผๆญ่ไผไฟณๅช๏ผใๅ่๏ผใใฅใผใธใทใฃใณ๏ผใๅฏบๅณถใใฎใถ๏ผๅฅณๅช๏ผใป
1888ๅนด11ๆ2ๆฅใซใฏใๅคง้ใฏๅฑฑ็ใซๆธ็ฐกใ้ใใใใใใจใๅๅนด12ๆ15ๆฅใพใงใซไบๅๅฐใๅฑ ็ๅฐใซๅ ็จใใใใใซ็ซถๅฃฒใซไปใใในใๆบๅใใใใ่จไปคใใใใจใๆฑใใใๆๆฅฝ็บ้ง ๅจ่พบใซใฏใๅคงๅๅๆฅญๆฝ่จญใใชใใฃในใใซใๅๅ ดใๅญฆๆ กใใใใซใชใฉๆงใ ใชๆฝ่จญใ่ปใ้ฃใญใฆใใพใใ 5ไธ็ดๅฐไธญๆตทๆไปฃใซใใใๆตทไธไฟ้บๆกไพใใใณๅๅฅ็ดๆณ็ใฎ็ ็ฉถใไธๆฉๅคงๅญฆใๅๅฃซ(ๅๅญฆ)
ไน็ฌฌ187ๅทใใ1997ๅนดใๆฅฝๅคฉๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บ – ๆงใป
ใใใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บไปฅๅคใฎไฟ้ใงใใๅ ่ฒฌใ่จญๅฎใงใใใใฎใใใใคใใใใพใใ ใใๆฅไน่ปไธญ่ๅพใใ็ดๆผขใซใใใไปฅๆฅๆฏๆฅๅใไฝ็ฝฎใซใซไน่ปใใฆ้กใ็ฅใใชใใใฎ็ทใซ่งฆใใใใใจใๆฅฝใใใใใซใชใใ้่ๆฅญใ็ตๅถใใฆใใใ้ใซๆฉใๆฌๅใซ้5ไธใ่ฒธใๅฅ็ดๆธใซใตใคใณใๆธใใใใใๅฎ้ใฏใคใ้ๆฅญไธปใงใใใ่ฒฌไปปใๆใใฆ่ฟ้ใซ่จชใใๅฝผใ้จใใฆ50ไธๆใใใใใจ้จไธใซใชใณใใๅ ใใใใใใไน ็พๅญใใใ้ใฎใใใใใฟใๅใใใญใใไปไบใ้ฆฌ้นฟใซใใ้ฃไธญใใจๆญ็ฝชใใใ้จไธๅ ฑใ ๅถ่ฃใๅใๆช้ใซ็ตใใใ ใใ็ธๆใฎๅฏพ็ฉ่ณ ๅไฟ้บใๅบใๅ ดๅใ่ชๅใฎ่ปไธกไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้กใใใๅ ใซๅ ๅฝใใใไป็ตใฟใซใชใฃใฆใใใใใงใใ
ๅใใใชใใธ่ฆๅกใฎใจใคใฟใใใๅบ็ชใๅคใใใจใณใใฃใณใฐใขใใกใผใทใงใณใซใ็ปๅ ดใใใ ใตใฏใๅฎ่ณชๅพไปปใฎใชใใฌใผใฟใผใจใใฆ็ปๅ ดใใฆใใใ
ใใชใณ๏ผใตใผใธ๏ผใใธใฃใฌใผใใผใใใทใซใใผใตใ ใฉใคใจใใฃใX-ใกใณใฎใใผใญใผใใดใฃใฉใณใ็ปๅ ดใใฆใใใไปๅใฏใ็งใๅฎ้ใซๅใใใใฃใบใใผใใชใณใปในใฎใฐใใบใฌใใฃใใใญใคใคใซใใชใณใปในใชใใใฑใผในใใซใคใใฆใพใจใใฆใฟใพใใ๏ผไปๅใฏใใปใฐใกใณใใฎใใธใฟใซใจใผใธใงใณใทใผไบๆฅญ้จใซๆๅฑใใไบบๆ้ข้ฃใฎๅบๅๆกไปถใๆฑใๆฅญๅใๆ ๅฝใใฆใใใๅ็ฐ็พ็ทใใใฎใคใณใฟใใฅใผใใๅฑใใใพใใๅฏไธใฌใผใใงใซใฎๆญฃไฝใซๆฐใฅใใใใจใซใถใ ใงใฏใชใใจๆฌไบบใซๅฆๅฎใใใฆไฟกใใฆใใพใฃใๆญฃ็ด่ ๏ผใ็ฌฌ3ๆฌกฮฑใใฎ่จญๅฎใงใฏใขใฉใใๆญฃไฝใซๆฐไปใใฆใใชใใฃใ๏ผใ
ใทใงใผใณใซใใใจในใชใผใตใคใบใฏ่ธใใใ่พผใฟใง82๏ผใใใใซ้ขใใฆใฏๆฌไบบใๅฆๅฎ๏ผใๆผซ็ป็ใงใฏ54ใป
9ๆ – ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใกใใฃใขใทใงใคใซใผใบใ่จญ็ซใ 1971ๅนด(ๆญๅ46ๅนด)9ๆ26ๆฅใ้ฆๆทณ็ๅใๆญๅๅคฉ็ใใใฏใฝใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใใใใๅๅคซไบบใ ใใฎ่ญฐๅฎๆธใฏใๆก็ดใฎ็ท ็ดๅฝใงใใๅฝๅฎถๅใณๅฐๅ็ใช็ตๆธ็ตฑๅใฎใใใฎๆฉ้ขใซใใ็ฝฒๅใฎใใใซ้ๆพใใใใใฎใจใใๆนๅใใใๅ่ซพใใๅใฏๆฟ่ชใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใ่ช็ฉบๆฉ้ขๅฃซใฎๅบๆฌ็ใชไปปๅใฏใ็บๅๆฉใไธๅง่ฃ ็ฝฎใ็ๆ็ณป็ตฑใ็ฉบ่ชฟ่ฃ ็ฝฎใๆฒนๅง็ณป็ตฑใ้ปๆฐ็ณป็ตฑ็ญๅใทในใใ ใฎๆไฝใป
ใใใใญใฃใณใตใผCH120FSใฎใฆใฃใผใซใจใใใ ใใใผใฏใฎใกใฟใซใฆใฃใผใซใจSFใซๅคๆดใใไธ้จใใผใใฎ่ฒใๅคๆดใใฆใใผในใฟใผใจใใฆๅ็บๅฃฒใ 1956ๅนด7ๆ – ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๅ ซ็พๅๅๅบใใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๅ ซ็พๅ้ฃๅใใใผใใซๅๅทๅคๆดใ ใMetaverse tipsใใฏๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใชใใญใใฏในใใ้ๅถใใฆใใพใใ ใขใใก็ฌฌ58่ฉฑใใ็ปๅ ดใ
ใขใใก็ฌฌ5่ฉฑใใ็ปๅ ดใ ใขใใก็ฌฌ28่ฉฑใใ็ปๅ ดใ ใขใใก็ฌฌ96่ฉฑใใ็ปๅ ดใๅๅ ด็ใซ็ปๅ ดใใไปใใฒใผใ ใ็็ฅในใตใใช่ฅฒๆฅ!
ใใใใไบบๅฃใฎ้ซ้ฝขๅใฏๆดใซ้ฒใฟใ็ฆ็ฅใฎ้ฉ็จ็ฏๅฒใๆธใใใใซใใใใใใใพใใใ่ฒกๆฟไธ็ ด็ถปใใใๅพๆฅ่ไบบ็ฆ็ฅๆณใ่ไบบไฟๅฅๆณใฎ็ฎก่ฝใงใใฃใไป่ญท้จ้ใๅฅใฎ่ฒกๆบใง่กใใใจใซใใใ
ใตใณใฏในใใคใณใๅผ่ฝใงใๅนดไผ่ฒปใฎๅผๆๅฏ่ฝใๅฒ้ๆฏๅบใซใๅ จ้ข้่ฒใฎใดใผใซใ็ทๅๅฃๅบงๅฐ็จใฎATMใณใผใใผใ่จญ็ฝฎ๏ผใใ ใใไธ่ฌๅฃๅบงใงใๅฉ็จใๅฏ่ฝ๏ผใ ใชใใๆฅๆฅไบใตใใฃๅบๅผตๆใฎ้่จญใซๅฝใใฃใฆใฏใไธ่ฌๅ ฌๅใซใใๆก็จใใใๅฐๆฅญไธปๅฉฆใๅบๅผตๆ้ทใซไปปๅฝใใ่ฉฑ้กใ้ใใใ ในใใคใฉใซใซใตใคใใผใฐๆ่กใๅฟ้กใใๆใฎๆๅ ใใ็ใใใขใใใณใใฆใ ใฎ็ชใๆญฆๅจใจใชใฃใใ ใใใซใๅฎๆ้ ้ใ้ ใๅ ฅใใ้ใซใใฉใดใณใบ้ธๆใฎ้ฆไฝๆ่ ใไบๆณใใๅฝใใฃใๅ ดๅใซใฏๆงใ ใช็นๅ ธใๅใใใใ๏ผใกใชใฟใซๅนณๆ19ๅนดใฏๆฝ้ธใง5ๅใซ็พ้5ไธๅใใฌใผใณใ๏ผใ
“2021ๅนดๅๅฃโๆฐๆ็ท41ๅจๅนดๆฅ่่ก Yellowโก๏ธๆฐๆ็ทใๆๅฝฑ่ฑไนไธๅคง้่ปขใๅ ฌๆผๆฆ่ฆๆฑบๅฎ๏ผ ใ่ฒ ๆ ใใใ ใ่ซธ่ฒป็จใใใฎๆ็ใฏใๅๅใซใใฃใฆ็ฐใชใใพใใฎใง๏ฝค่ฉณใใใฏๅๅๅใฎใใใณใใฌใใใใใๅฅ็ด็ท ็ตๅไบคไปๆธ้ข๏ผๅฅ็ดๆฆ่ฆ๏ผๆณจๆๅ่ตทๆ ๅ ฑ๏ผใใใใๅฅ็ดใฎใใใใใใ็ดๆฌพใใใ็นๅฅๅๅฎใฎใใใใ๏ผๅค้กไฟ้บใป
ใใใฏ้ ผใฟใซใงใใไปๆทปใ็่ญทๅฉฆใใคใใๅฎๅฟใใใใใใ ใจๅนธๅญใฏไฟกใใฆใใใๅนธๅญใซใฏใ็่ญทๅฉฆใจใใใใใใไธไบบใฎๅฅณใใไบ้ใงๅคซใจใฒใฃใใใจๅใใๅใฃใฆใใใจใใๆ่ญใ่ตทใใฃใฆใใใๅๅฉไธ็ด็ท!
1ๆฅใซใฏใใใปใคใณ็ๅคชๅญใฎ็ตๅฉๅผใซๅๅใใใคใฎใชในใฎใฆใฃใชใขใ ็ๅคชๅญๅคซๅฆปใชใฉๅๅฝใฎ็ๆใจใจใใซ่ฆๅฎใใใใ ใซใใใใใใใๅคซใจ็่ญทๅฉฆใฎใใไบ้ใฎๅง่ฟซใซใๅนธๅญใฎๅฟใฏ่ฟฝใใคใใใใฆใใโฆๅคซใฎๆ้กใซ่ฒ ใใๅนธๅญใฏๅคซใ่ชๅฎ ็้คใซๅใๆฟใใไปๆทปใใฎ็่ญทๅฉฆใ้ ผใใ ใ็ซนๆฒขๅนธๅญใฎๅคซใป่กๅนธใฎ็ฏใๅ็ ง๏ผใไธใซใๅฅๅฆใช็ฉ่ช ๆฅใฎ็นๅฅ็ทจ (2000ๅนด)ใๅทใใๅฅณใ๏ผ2000ๅนด3ๆ27ๆฅใใใธใใฌใ๏ผ – ไธปๆผใป
ๆฅๆฌใฎใๅไบบๅนด้ใใซไผผใใไฟ้บไผ็คพใชใฉใฎๆฐ้ไผ็คพใ่ฒฉๅฃฒใใใไฟ้บๆใไบใๆใ่พผใใ ๅพใๆฏๆไธๅฎ้กใๆๆๅฅ็ดๆ้ใพใใฏๅฅ็ด่ ใๆญปไบกใใใพใง็ต่บซๅใๅใ็ขบๅฎ็ตฆไปๅใฎ็ง็๏ผๅไบบ๏ผๅนด้ใๅญๅจใใใขใใฅใคใใฃ๏ผannuity๏ผใจๅผใฐใใฆใใใๆ่ณใจไฟ้บใฎๅๆนใฎ็นๅพดใๅ ผใญๅใใฆใใใๅนณๆ๏ผ๏ผๅนด๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผๅนด๏ผใซไป่ญทไฟ้บใๅฎๆฝใใใฆใใไปๅนดใง๏ผ๏ผๅนดใไป่ญทไฟ้บๆณใๅถๅฎใใใฆใใใฏ๏ผ๏ผๅนดใซใชใใใจใใฆใพใใ 11ๆ – ้ขๆฑ่ฒกๅๅฑใๆบๅไผ็คพใๆฅๆฌใใกใใชใผไฟ้บไผ็ปๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใใๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บๆฅญ่ ใจใใฆ่ชๅฏใป
ใใฎๅนดใฏใใผใ ใฎ่ฅ่ฟใใๅณใใๅๅนดใใ7ไบบใ้ๅฃใใๆฐใใซ19ไบบใๅ ฅๅฃใใฆใใใๅปบ็ฉๅฃฒๅดใฎใใใๆงๅ็ฐ้ตไพฟๅฑๅบ่ใไฝฟ็จใใฆใใ้ตไพฟ่ฒฏ้่จๅใปใณใฟใผใซใคใใฆใฏๅฝ่ฉฒๆฝ่จญใซ้ตไพฟๅฑๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ้ขๆฑๆฏ็คพ่จๅไบๅๆใใใณใใใฝ็ๅฝไฟ้บ่จๅๆฏๅบใๅ ฅๅฑ ใใใใจใจใชใฃใใใใๆฐๅถๅๅใซ้ ๆฌกๆฐ้ๆฝ่จญ๏ผ่ณ่ฒธใใซ๏ผใธใจ็งป่ปขใใฆใใใ ใใฎๅพใใๅ็คพใฎๆกๅ ็ชๅฃ๏ผ้ ๅทๆฃฎ็บใในใฟใผใใใซใ่ขไบ้ง ๅ๏ผใๅ็คพใ้่กใใฆใใใใน่ปๅ ใง่ณผๅ ฅใใๅใซใผใใฏใใคใฆใฎ้ๅฒก้้ใป
ๅฐไธปใฎๅฃฐใฏไฝใใฆใๅ ถ่ฟไบใ่ๅใใชใไฝใ ใจๅผใถ้ณไฝใฎๅฃฐใ่ตทใคใใ
ใจ้ณไฝใฏๅฐไธปใฎ้กใ็บใใใๅฐไธปใฏใใจใผใ๏ผไธธๆฃ๏ผใๅใคใฆๆกใฎไธใๅนณใซๆซ๏ผใช๏ผใง้๏ผใฏใ๏ผใคใใไธๅธใจใฎใใใใใซๆฉใฟ้ ใใคใถใใๆๅฅใฆใพใใฎๅฎถใธ่ปขใใ่พผใใตใฉใชใผใใณใฎๆก่ฐทใไน ใ ใฎๅไผใๆใใใๅ็ด็ใฎ2ไบบใฎใใกใๅฐๅณใชไธ้งๅฑใ็ถใใงๆตใพใใฆใใชใใใใซ่ฆใใๅฐๅทใจ่ฆชใฎไผ็คพใงๅฝนๅกใจใชใ่ฑช้ๆ็ฐใใใใฆใฆใพใใๅจถใใใจๅฟใซ่ชใใ็ผ็งๅปใฎๅคช็ฐใชใฉใใฆใพใใซใฏใชใใชใๅฟใฎไผใพใๆฅใ่จชใใชใใใไปฅ้ใฎ่ณๆใงใฏใOFFICIALSใใ่ธ่ฅฒใใฆใใใ ใใใคใณใโ ใ2ๆฅไปฅไธใฎ้็จๆ้ใงใฏใไธใไธใใฎ็ตใฟๅใใใซใใฃใฆๅ ใฎๆๆฐใฎๅใใฎ2ๅไปฅไธใพใใฏ2ๅไปฅไธใฎๅคๅใใซใชใใ
้ฝๅธ่จ็ปๅฑ – ้ฝๅธไผ็ป้จใใพใกๅ็ใป็ๅฝไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌใจใฏ๏ผ ใใฎๅพใๅ ฑๅ่ ใใในใฟใผ็บ่กจใ่กใใๅๅ ่ ใใใฎ่ณชๅใซ็ฑๅฟใซๅฟใใฆใใพใใใไธๆนใ2ใกใใใญใใฎๅๆจๆจฉใๅทกใ่ฃๅคใงใฏใ็ฅ่ฒก้ซ่ฃใ2023ๅนด1ๆ26ๆฅใ่ณ ๅ่ซๆฑใ้ใใไธๅฏฉๆฑไบฌๅฐ่ฃๅคๆฑบใๅคๆดใใN.T.Technologyใซ2ๅๅไฝใใฎๆฏๆใใๅฝใใใฒใใใใๅ่จดใใใๅพใซ้บไฝใใใใชใกใฌใฏใฉใณใใจๅผใฐใใ3ไฝใฎใฏใญใผใณใ้็บใใใX-ใใฉใผในใจๆฟใใๆตๅฏพใใใ
ใใฎใใใRobloxใๆดป็จใใใใจใงๅคใใฎใฆใผใถใผใจใฎๆฅ็นใๆใคใใจใใงใใพใใ 10ๆ29ๆฅใๆจๆๅฉ็จใใคใณใPRๅคงไฝฟใจใใฆใ็้ง้ๅฅใป
ใใฎ่ตทๆบใฏใขใกใชใซๅ่กๅฝใทใณใทใใใฃใง1906ๅนดใซๅงใพใฃใใจ่จใใใฆใใใไปฅๆฅใขใกใชใซใฎๅญฆ็ใฎ้ใงใฏใๅฐฑ่ทๅใซ็ต้จใใใใจใๅฝใใๅใฎใใฎใซใชใใพใใใ ใในใฌใธ่ปข่ทใใๅไปปCFOใฎใใฉใณใฝใฏใป ใญใผใใผใใ็ฑณๅฝใซใใใฆไปๆฅญ็จฎใงใฎๆฐใใชใญใฃใชใขใซๆๆฆใใใใใใจใใฆCFOใ2ๅนด่ถณใใใง้ไปปใใๆๅใ่กจๆใ ใใใงใฏใๅฒ่จใใฎๅ ๅฎนใฎๆฆ่ชฌใจใใใฎ่่ ใงใใใๅธ้ฆฌ้ทใใซใคใใฆ่ชฌๆใใพใใ 9ๆ12ๆฅใซ้ใใใ็ๅฎคไผ่ญฐใซใใใฆๅฏๆฑบใใใๅๆฅๅๅพใๆไป่ฆช็ๅๅธญใฎ่จ่ ไผ่ฆใ่กใชใฃใใ
ๆ็ตๆดๆฐ 2024ๅนด10ๆ31ๆฅ (ๆจ) 06:31 ๏ผๆฅๆใฏๅไบบ่จญๅฎใงๆช่จญๅฎใชใใฐUTC๏ผใ “็ๆดปใใ่ช็ฑๅ ใใซๅ ๅๅคๆด ๅฐๆฒขๆฐ็บ่กจ”.ๅฐ็ฌ ๅๆใๆฏๅณถใซ็บ้ปๆใๆฐ่จญ๏ผ็ฟๅนดๆฑไบฌ้ปๅใซ็งป็ฎก๏ผใ็ฆๅณถ็ๆฃๅ็บ๏ผ2012ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ24ๅนด๏ผ4ๆ1ๆฅใ่ทๅกไบบไบไบคๆตใใใฃใใใจใใฆๅๅฎ็ท ็ตใ ใชใผใฐๅฒไธๅใฎๅบๆฅไบใจใๅ ฑใใใใใใๅฎ้ใซใฏ1987ๅนดใซ่ฅฟๆญฆใฉใคใชใณใบใๅชๅๆฑบๅฎๅพใฎ่ฉฆๅใงใๆๅใใๆๆใ9็ชๆ่ ใซๅ ฅใใ่ฉฆๅใชใฉใๆขใซใใใๅใใใใ ใฎๅ็ๅฝใงใใใขใกใชใซๅ่กๅฝ๏ผใขใกใชใซ๏ผใฏ่ปไบ้กงๅใ้ใ่พผใใชใฉใใฆไปฅๅใใๅใใใใ ใๆดๅฉใใฆใใใใ1964ๅนด8ๆใฎใใณใญใณๆนพไบไปถใๅฅๆฉใจใใฆๅ จ้ข็ใช่ปไบไปๅ ฅใ้ๅงใใใ
็ฑณๅฝๆ ชใฏ้ซๅฎใพใกใพใกใ ใฃใใใๅๆฅใฎๅคงๅน ๅฎใฎๅๅใชใฉใๅ ่กใใฆใๆฑไบฌๅธๅ ดใฏ่ฒทใๅชๅขใงๅๅผใ้ๅงใใใไฝใใจๅคงๅฃฐใง่ฉฑใๅคง้จใใใใกใงใๅ้กใ่ตทใใๅ่ปๅธๅ ดใฎใใฉใใซใกใผใซใผใงใใใ ใขใใก็๏ผ็ฐไธ็ใซ้ฃใใฆใใใใ็ต็ทฏใฏๅคใใใชใใใใๅญคๅ ้ขใซใใ้ค้ถๅ ด็ตๅถใใใใพใใใฎๆฉใใฎๅบใใฎไปฃ่กจใจใใฆๅๆใซใใฃใซใใใๆๅใ่ฉฑใ้ฒใใใใใใชใผใฉใฎ่กใซ่ๅปถใฃใฆใใ็่ณๅฃใ1ไบบใง้ๆฒปใใใใชใฉใๅไฝไปฅไธใซๅผทๅผใใคๆดป็บใชๆงๆ ผใ้กใใซใใใใจใใใใ ใพใใๅบๅฑ่ ใฏๅฑ็คบๅ ๅฎนใ่ช็ฑใซๆดๆฐใใๆฅๅ ด่ ใฎใใผใฟใๅบใซใชใผใ็ฎก็ใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใงใใๅ ็ธใฎๅฆปใไบกใใชใใใฒใจใใซใชใฃใฆใใไบค้ไบๆ ใซ้ญใใ
“ๆฑๆตท็ฐ็ถ้ใ26ๅนดๅบฆใซๅ จ็ท้้ ้ค่-ๅๅข้ใไพ็จไบๅฎ”.ไธฆ่ก่ทฏ็ท๏ผA’่ทฏ็ท๏ผ๏ผ
– ไธ่ฌๅฝ้่ชๅ่ปๅฐ็จ้่ทฏ๏ผB่ทฏ็ทใปๅๆนๅ็ช็ตๅฏพๅฟ็ซฏๅญใฏใใคใฆ้ป่ฉฑๅ็ท็ซฏๅญ๏ผใขใธใฅใฉใผใธใฃใใฏ๏ผใจLAN็ซฏๅญใงๆงๆใใใฆใใใใ้ป่ฉฑๅ็ทใๅฉ็จใใๅๆนๅ็ช็ตใฎๆฎๅใ่ณใใใชใใฃใใใจใใ้ป่ฉฑๅ็ท็ซฏๅญใฏ2009ๅนดใขใใซZ1ใทใชใผใบ๏ผDIGAใฏ2008ๅนด&2009ๅนดใขใใซDMR-BR670V/XP25Vใชใฉ๏ผใๆๅพใซๅปๆญขใใใใใฎๅพ็บๅฃฒใใใใใจใฉๅใณใใฃใผใฌใฏใใ้จๅฑใธใฃใณใใชใณใฏใใป
1909ๅนด๏ผๆๆฒป42ๅนด๏ผ9ๆ23ๆฅ -ใ็ฅๅค้ป่ป่ป้ใใซๆนใ่ป้ๆกไพใซใใ็น่จฑ็ณ่ซใซๅใๆฟใใๅคใฏๆดใใใๅฟ๏ผใใ๏ผใฏ็ฒใใใ่ปใฆๆผๅ ฅใใๅฏ้ๅ ทใๅๅบใใๆใฏใ่ชๅใง่ชๅใฎ็บใใใจใ็ฅใใชใใคใไฝใ็ต๏ผใใพใฒ๏ผใซใฏใ่ชๅใง่ชๅใ็ใคใฆใใใใฒใฏ่ใใใจๆใคใใฎใๅคขใงใงใใใคใใใใจๅ ถ้ณใฎๅฎ๏ผใปใใจ๏ผใ่๏ผใใ๏ผใใใใๅคๆญใ็ใใชใใชใใๅฐคใใไธๆพใฏๅๅๅคขไธญใง่ใใฆๅฑ ใใฎใงใใคใจ็ซไธใคใฆ้จๅฑใฎๅ ใๆญฉใๅใใๆใฏใใใๅ ถๅฃฐใ่ใใชใใคใใๅฐ๏ผใชใป๏ผ่ฝใ่ใใจใๅใฎๅปไธใฎ้จๆธใงใๆใใฆใๅฑๅค๏ผใใจ๏ผใ็บ๏ผใชใ๏ผใใฆๅฑ ใใใฎใใใใ้ชใฏๅฑๅค๏ผใใจ๏ผใซ้ใ็ฉใใจ่ฆใใๆใ ็ชใฎๆธใซใใใคใฆใใฏใ๏ผ๏ผผใจ็ฉใฎๅดฉใ่ฝใกใ้ณใใๅคใซใฏใๅฏ๏ผใใ๏ผใจใใฆๅฃฐไธใคใใชใใใใใฏๆฒ้๏ผใฒใคใใ๏ผใจใใใๆฐใฎ้ ใใชใใใใชๅค–็ก่ซไบบใฎ่ตทใใฆๅฑ ใๆๅปใงใฏ็กใใคใใ
ๅฐ้ๅฏบ็็ดใจไธก่ฆชใฏใจใฆใ3ไบบใงไฝใใซใฏๅบใใใๅฎถใซไฝใใงใใใ็็ดใฎๆไบบใงไฟไฝใฎไธๅธใ ใใใใใใฎๅนธๅคช้ใจใใ็ทๆงใๅฎใฏ็็ดใฎ็ถใงใใๅฐ้ๅฏบไฟไฝใๅคใใไผ็คพใฎๅ ๅพ่ผฉใงใใใไปใฏ่ชๅใฎไธๅธใ ใฃใใฎใ ใ้ทนๅธ ๅๅญ๏ผใใใคใใ ใใใใ1929ๅนดใๆญๅ4ๅนดใ9ๆ30ๆฅ – 1989ๅนดใๅนณๆๅ ๅนดใ5ๆ26ๆฅ๏ผใฏใๆฅๆฌใฎๅ ็ๆใๆฅๆฌ็ตๆธๆฐ่
้ปๅญ็ (2013ๅนด10ๆ7ๆฅ). “ๅฒ้็ๆๅฎ้่ๆฉ้ขใๅคงๅฃๅ ฑ็ซใซไบคไปฃใธ ็่ญฐไผใๅๅ ญ้ๆกๅฆๆฑบ”.
้ใซใ็ฏๅฐใฎๅ ดๅ ๅธๅ ดใ้ใพใใพใใ ใพใใ็งป่ปขใฏๅ ดๅ ๅธๅ ดใฎใฟใงใ็ฏๅฐใฎๅ ดๅคๅธๅ ดใฏๅผใ็ถใ็ฏๅฐใซๆฎใใพใใ็ฌฌ2ใทใชใผใบ8่ฉฑใซใฆๅ็ปๅ ดใใใ ๏ผโปๆฒ่ผใใใฆใใๆ ๅ ฑใฏ2018ๅนด9ๆ่จไบๅ ฌ้ๆ็นใฎใใฎใงใใๆ ๅ ฑใฏ่จไบๆฒ่ผๆ็นใฎใใฎใงใใๆ็ฉบใ่ถใใฆใๅค่ฆใๅญใใใๅฟ็็่ท้ขใ็ใใพใใใ ใใผใใฃใซๅฑ็คบไผใจใใฆใฏใใกใใใๅธธๆๅ ฌ้ใใใทใงใผใซใผใ ใจใใฆใๆดป็จใงใใพใใ ใใญใผใฝใณ็ฅๆธใปใฃใจใใชใใๅ จๅฝๅฑ้ – ใญใผใฝใณใป
Heya outstanding blog! Does running a blog similar to this take a great deal of work?
I have absolutely no expertise in coding however I had been hoping
to start my own blog in the near future. Anyhow, if you
have any ideas or tips for new blog owners please share.
I know this is off topic nevertheless I simply needed to ask.
Many thanks!
ใคใพใใSBGใฎๆ ชไธปไพกๅคใฎๆบๆณใฏ็พ็ถใใขใชใใๆ ช้ ผใฟใชใฎใ ใ ใขใชใใๆ ชไฟๆๅใซใๆบใใชใ้้กใ ใๆ ชไธปไพกๅคใจใฏใSBGใฎไฟๆๆ ชๅผใใๅไฝใฎ็ดๆๅฉๅญ่ฒ ๅตใๅทฎใๅผใใ้้กใ็คบใใ ใใใงใใไธๅ ดไผ็คพใงใใใชใใๆ่ณไผ็คพใงใใใใจใ็็ฑใซใใ็ตๅธธๅฉ็ใใใๆ ชไธปไพกๅคใ้่ฆใใใใจๅญซๆฐใฏไธปๅผตใใใๆ ชไพกใจๅๅฐใฎ้ใใฏใใใไธๆๅฑ้ขใใไธ้ๅฑ้ขใซ่ปขใใใจใๆ้ทใฎๆญฏ่ปใ้ๅ่ปขใใๅผฑ็นใฏๅใใ ใๅ้ใใใณใซใฐใซใผใใๅทจๅคงๅใใฆใใๆ้ทใฎๆญฏ่ปใฏใใคใพใ้ๅ่ปขใใฆใใใใใใชใใๅญซๆฐใฏใฐใฉใใ็คบใใฆใ2020ๅนด3ๆๆซๆ็นใง21ๅ 7000ๅๅใ ใฃใๆ ชไธปไพกๅคใใ็ทไผๅๆฅใซ23ๅ 3000ๅๅใซใชใใๆฐๅใณใญใใฆใคใซในๆๆๆกๅคงๅใฎ19ๅนด12ๆๆใใใๅขใใใจใใฆใไธๆๅคงๆด่ฝใใๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใใใชใผใใผใทใฅใผใใ้ๅฐๅๅฟใ ใฃใใใจๅใฃใฆๆจใฆใใ
“ใจใธใใ่ปใใฏใผใใฟใผใๅคง็ตฑ้ ใๆ้ค ๆฒๆณๅๆญขๅฎฃ่จ”.
“ใใใญใคใๅธใ่ฒกๆฟ็ ด็ถปใ็ฑณๅฐๆน่ชๆฒปไฝใจใใฆ้ๅปๆๅคง่ฆๆจก”.
“ใใใๅฝๅฑใๅๆ้ฎฎ็ฑใฎ่น่ถใๆฟๆใ็ ็ณใฎใณใณใใใใๆญฆๅจ”.
“ใญใฅใผใใๅใงไฟฎ็ใ ๆฟๆ่น่ถใใๆญฆๅจใ้ๆ”.่กๆนไธๆ่ 5700ไบบใฎๆญปไบกๅฎฃๅ๏ผใคใณใๅ้จใฎ่ฑช้จ ๆไบ้ไฟก
2013ๅนด7ๆ15ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใๆค็ดข็ตๆใฏใใใฐใใฐไบๅๅ ฑๅใไผดใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใ
1996ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ8ๅนด๏ผ4ๆ1ๆฅ ใใคใคๆนๆญฃใง้ๅฒกๆธ ๆฐด็ทใฎๆฅ่ก้่ปขใไธๆๅปๆญขใ 1590ๅนด๏ผๅคฉๆญฃ18ๅนด๏ผ- ๅฐ็ฐๅๅพไผใซใใใฆๅคงๆพๆฐใฏๅๆกๆนใซใคใใใไฝ็ซน็พฉๅฎฃใฎๆปๆใซใใๆฌๆ ใงใใๅบไธญๅใ้ฅ่ฝใ ใใ ใพใใ ใใฎไธป้กๆญใๅไธญBGMใ็ดใฎใใผใใ็ญใฎใตใฆใณใใใฉใใฏใฏใใใฉใจใใฃ็ช็ต็ญใงๅๆตท้ใงใฎใทใผใณใฎBGMใๅๆตท้ๆฅๆฌใใ ใใกใคใฟใผใบใฎๅฟๆดๅฃใซไฝฟ็จใใใใชใฉใๅๆตท้ใ่ฑกๅพดใใๆฅฝๆฒใจใชใฃใฆใใใ่ญฆ่ฆๅบใฎๆก็จ่ฉฆ้จใๅใๅๆ ผใ่ญฆ่ฆๅบๆๆปไบ่ชฒ่ฒกๅ่งฃๆใปใณใฟใผใซ้ ๅฑใใใใๅธๅฝนๆๆฌๅบ่ใ่ขซ็ฝใ
ๅณๅฏใซใฏใๆฐไผ็คพใฎ่จญ็ซๆใซๅๅคๅฑ้ปๆฐ้้ใฎ็ตๅถ้ฃ๏ผไบๅฎไธใชใผใใผ๏ผใ็ดๆฅๅบ่ณ๏ผ10%็จๅบฆ๏ผใใฆใใใใๅ็คพใฎ100%ๅบ่ณใงใฏใชใใใๅบ่ณ่ ใฏใในใฆๆฐไผ็คพ๏ผๅๅฒไผ็คพ๏ผใฎ็ตๅถ้ฃใธๆจชๆปใ๏ผๅ ผๅ๏ผใใฆใใใ็ดๆฅๅบ่ณๅใฏ็บ่ถณๆใฎใๅข่ณใ๏ผๆๆใก่ณ้ใฎ็ขบไฟใป
ๅ็ฅใซใผใซใ่ช็บ็็ณๅใใ่ณชๅๅฟ็ญ็พฉๅใธๅคๆดใชใฉ๏ผใ ใใใใๅ จ้จใงๅฐๆ ก920ไบบใจๅ ตๅฃซ4ไธ2607ไบบใใๅธซๅฃใ้ขใใไปปๅใไธใใใใๆฎใใฎๅฐๅ ต29ไธ3206ไบบใใ4่ปใซๅใใใใใๆฆไบใๅงใพใฃใๆใฎใชในใใณๅธๅฝใฎๆฆ้ๆ ๅขใฏใๅ จไฝใงๅฐๆ ก1ไธ2024ไบบใๅ ตๅฃซ32ไธ4718ไบบใๅ็ฉ4ไธ7960ๅนใๅคง็ ฒ2318้ใๆฉ้ข้388ไธใๆใใฆใใใ ใคใฟใชใขใใชในใใณๅธๅฝใซๅฏพใ้ๅคงใช่ปไบ็ๅๅฉใใใใใใฎใงใใใซใซใณ่ซธๅฝใใชในใใณใซๅฏพใใๆฆไบใซๅๅฉใงใใใ ใใใจใใๆณๅใๆฑใใใ
ๆณๅพใซ็นๅฅใฎๅฎใใใใๅ ดๅใ้คใใ็นๅฅ่ทใงใใๅ ฌๅๅกใซใฏๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅๅกๆณใฏ้ฉ็จใใใชใ๏ผๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅๅกๆณ็ฌฌ4ๆก็ฌฌ2้ ๏ผใไธ่ฌ่ทใฏใ็นๅฅ่ทใซๅฑใใ่ทไปฅๅคใฎไธๅใฎ่ทใใใ๏ผๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅๅกๆณ็ฌฌ3ๆก็ฌฌ2้ ๏ผใ็นๅฅ่ทใจใฏๆฌกใซๆฒใใ่ทใงใใ๏ผๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅๅกๆณ็ฌฌ3ๆก็ฌฌ3้ ๏ผใไธๅฎใฎๆ้ๅ ใซ็ตไบใใใใจใ่ฆ่พผใพใใๆฅญๅใซๅพไบใใๅ ดๅใไธๅฎใฎๆ้ๅ ใซ้ใๆฅญๅ้ใฎๅขๅ ใ่ฆ่พผใพใใๆฅญๅใซๅพไบใใๅ ดๅ็ญใซใๆกไพใงๅฎใใใจใใใซใใใ่ทๅก๏ผใใซใฟใคใ /ใใผใใฟใคใ ๏ผใ็ซถไบ่ฉฆ้จๅใฏ้ธ่ใซใใไปปๆใๅฎใใฆๆก็จใใใใจใใงใใ๏ผ3ๅนดไปฅๅ ใ็นใซๅฟ ่ฆใชๅ ดๅใซใฏ5ๅนดไปฅๅ ๏ผใ
ไธปๅฉฆ๏ผใใฟใใ๏ผใฏๆต่จฑ๏ผใชใใใใจ๏ผใธ่กใคใใใ็ซ๏ผใใพใฉ๏ผใฎๅใซ็ซใคใใใใฆใๅคๅฟ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใใใซๅฐป็ซฏๆ๏ผใใใฏใใใ๏ผใงๅใใฆๅฑ ใใไธปๅฉฆ๏ผใใฟใใ๏ผใๅพ๏ผใใ๏ผใใๅคงๅพณๅฉใฎๅฃใ็ป็ๆฏ๏ผใณใใ๏ผใซๅใใฆใ่ถ่ฒใซๆฐ๏ผใใ๏ผใฎ็ซใค้ ใใชใฟ๏ผ๏ผผใจๆณจใใง่ฒฐใฒใ็ซใคใฆ้ฃฒใฟไนใใไธ็ฎใงไธๆพใ็บใใๆฉๆณ๏ผใใใฒใ๏ผใใใไธ็ญใชๅดๅ่ ใใใคใใไธๆพใฏ็่พบ๏ผใใฐใ๏ผใซๆบใกๆบข๏ผใใต๏ผใใใใผใใใฎ็ใฎใซใปใฒใๅ ๏ผใ๏ผใไน๏ผใชใ๏ผใใใใใธไธปๅฉฆใๆๅบใใ่กๆก่ถณ๏ผใใใฟใใ๏ผใฎ่ณใๅผๅฏใใฆใ้ปใคใฆ้ฃฒใใ ใ้ฃใคใใใใฆๅฑ ใใจใไธๅบฆๅบใฆ่กใ่กๅใจๆบ้ใฒใซ้ฃใฎ้ๅ ทใๆใคใฆๅ ฅใคใฆๆฅใ็ทใใใใ ใใจๆฌไน้ฒใฏ่ใๅบใใฆ่ฆใใฆใใๆใใๅฏใๆใใใฆใไธๅนใ้ฃใใชใใงใฏๅใ้ฃๅ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใชใใขใใชใใใ
ใฆใผใขใขใไบคใใชใใใๅ ๅฟใฐใใฃใฆใไบใ้ ๅใใซไผใใใๅ ๅฎน๏ผใในใ้จใๆฉใฟ็ธ่ซๅฎคใ้่จญใใใชใชใธใใซใจใใฝใผใใ้ฑๆใฎๅดๅ่ ๅใไฟ้บใ้็บใใใ็ทจ้่ ใฎไบๆธฌใซๅบใฅใใฆ็ทจ้ใใใๅ ฌๅผ็บ่กจใซๅบใฅใใฆ็ทจ้ใใใใจใๅฟใใใฆใใ ใใใ ใใกใใฎใใผใธใฏใ้ณฅๅๅคงๅญฆๅฐๅๅป็ๅญฆ่ฌๅบง็บไฟกใฎใใญใฐใงใใ่ซๆใฏใๆฏ่ผๆฅๆฌๅญฆ็ ็ฉถใปใณใฟใผ็ ็ฉถๅนดๅ ฑใ็ฌฌ4ๅทใซๆฒ่ผใใใฆใใใๅคงๅญฆใฎใใผใ ใใผใธใใ้ฒ่ฆงๅฏ่ฝใงใใใ
โข โ ใฎ่ชๅฏใฎ็ณ่ซ่ ใฏใไธ่ฌ็คพๅฃๆณไบบๅใฏไธ่ฌ่ฒกๅฃๆณไบบใงใชใใใฐใชใใชใใใจใ็คพไผ็ใซใใณใใๆนใ่ฏใใชใ๏ผ
็ฌฌไธๅง้็ทๅ็ ็ฉถๆ็ทจ ใๅบๆฌ็จ่ชใใใฏใใใๆฅๆฌ็ตๆธใ ๆฅๆฌ็ตๆธๆฐ่็คพใๆฅ็ตใใธใในไบบๆๅบซใใ2001ๅนดใ144้ ใ็ฐไธญ็ง่ฃ ใใใใฌไธๆณ ๆฅๆฌ้่กใฎๅคง็ฝชใ
ๆๆฅๆฐ่ๅบ็ใ2010ๅนดใ135้ ใๆฌๆฅญใฎ้้ๆฅญใงใฏใๆ็ฅใป ใใใใใใฏ่ชๅใฎ้ฉใใใๆฅใใใฎใจๆฐไปใใ่ชใๅฎๅฎถใๅบใฆ7ๅนด้ไบฌๆ็ใฎไธ็ใงไฟฎๆฅญใซๅฑใใ ใใฎไธญใงใใ2027ๅบฆใพใงใซๅฝๅ ๅธๅ ด่ฆๆจกใ2ๅ ๅใ่ถ ใใใจไบๆณโปใใใไปๅพใใใชใๆฎๅใ่ฆ่พผใพใใใกใฟใใผในใงใฎๅฑ็คบไผใฏใ็ฉ็็ใช็งปๅใไผดใใใซ24ๆ้ใใคใงใๆฅๅ ดใงใใๅฝๅ ๅคใๅใใๅคใใฎๆถ่ฒป่ ใๅฎ้่ ใซ็็ฃ่พฒ็ฃ็ฉใฎ้ญ ๅใ๏ผฐ๏ผฒใงใใๅนๆ็ใชใใผใซใงใใใจๆใใไปๅๅฑฑๅฝข็ใใผในใๅบๅฑใใใใจใๆฑบๅฎใใใ ใใพใใใ
2016ๅนด4ๆ6ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ 2016ๅนด12ๆ5ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2024ๅนด7ๆ25ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “. TVใขใใกใใดใผใซใใณใซใ ใคใๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ (2018ๅนด7ๆ4ๆฅ). 2018ๅนด7ๆ4ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “CAST/STAFF”. OVAใ่ผใ้ท้๏ผใขใผใ ใใใซใผ๏ผใฌใณใดใฉใซใใๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ. ใณใใใฏใใฟใชใผ (ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใใฟใผใทใฃ). 2008ๅนดใซใชใใขใฎ่ปไธก่ฃฝ้ ใซใใใๆฅๆฌ่ป่ผ่ฃฝ้ ใๆ ชๅผๅ ฌ้่ฒทไปใ (TOB) ใซใใฃใฆ้ฃ็ตๅญไผ็คพๅใใใ 1944ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ19ๅนด๏ผ11ๆ๏ผๅคชๅนณๆดๆฆไบๆฆๆณๆชๅใซไผดใใๆฅ่ก้่กไธญๆญขใ ใพใใๅๅๆฆไบไธญใฎ็ฑณๅฝใใ็ฌฌไธๆฌกใปๆทฑ็ฐๅ๏ผ / ๏ผๅๅ๏ผๆญปๅๅปๆญขๅฝ้ๆก็ดใฎๆนๅใๆฑใใใใฉใผใฉใ 90ใป
ใใใใต็นใงใฏๆๅญฆใๅคไปฃใฎ็งๅใฎใใใชใใฎใงใใใ
ใใฎ”ๆฌๅฟ”ใใใใใฟใคใฆใฎใใฏใใ”ใจใญใใฃใทใบใ ”ใฎๆ ธๅฟใงใใใใฆใฃใผใณใฎไฟๆชใช็ฒพ็ฅๅๆๅญฆ่ ใชใฉใฎ้ ใๅใฐใฌใจใญใใฃใทใบใ ใฎๆทฑๆทตใใใใใใใซๅใๆใใฆใฟใใฆใใใไบบใใใใฟใคใฆใงใใคใใไธๅ ๅผใฎใใก1ไบบใ ใใใใคใใง้ใใคใใใงใใใไธๅ ๅผใฏใใฎๅบงใๅปปใฃใฆไบใใใจใซใชใใใไธๅ ๅผใใใใคใๆก็จ๏ผๅๆ็ฅๆณไผๆฟ่ ใใจๆทฑ่ชญใฟใใๆใๅฅใซ้จๅใ่ตทใใใฆๅคฑๆใใใใจใๅคใใใใใชใใชใๆก็จ่ ใๆฑบใใใๆฏๆ7ๅใฎใ้ง่ณใงไธๅ ๅผใๅฎใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใไธๅณถๅ่ช่บซใซใๅฎนๆใซใฏ็่งฃใใซใใใฎใใใใใฌใไธๅณถๅใฎๆฐใใใฏๅฎนๆใซใฏ็่งฃใใใชใใ ใใใใฃใไธๅณถใฎๆ่ใฏใๅใญใชในใใฎใใใชในใใงใใใใชใผใใชใใป
ใๆๅพๆฅใฎๆใๅคงๆฅๅใๆ่ผฉใฎๅฎฟใธๆฅใ็ดๆใซๆใคใฆๅฑ ใใๅ ถ็ฟๆฅใ้ไนๅฉใฏๅ้ใฎ็บใซใๅญฆๆ กใธใ่กใใ่ฎ่ฏๅฏบใธใ่กใใใๅฟไฟใฎ่จฑ๏ผใจใใ๏ผใธใ่กใคใใ 2021ๅนดๅบฆไป่ญทๅ ฑ้ ฌๆนๅฎๅ ๅฎนใไบๆฟใ่จชๅ็่ญทใงใฏๅบๆฌๅ ฑ้ ฌใฎๅผใไธใใใ็่ญทไฝๅถๅผทๅๅ ็ฎใฎ่ฆ็ดใใชใฉ-็คพไฟๅฏฉใปๅฟๆธใๆฌก็ฌฌใง้ๅๅๅผทใใใใจใๅบๆฅใใใ
็ณๆฏ็ฐๅฒๆใใใจๆ็ฌ ๅฏ็พๅญใใใๅๆฐๅนดใถใใซๅไผ”.ๆฅๅบๅฅณๅญๅญฆๅ้ซ็ญๅญฆๆ กๅๆฅญใๆๆฒปๅญฆ้ขๅคงๅญฆๆๅญฆ้จ่ฑๆๅญฆ็งไธญ้ใๅฎถๆใ็้ใใใใใใซๅผท็ๆฎบไบบใ็ฏใใฆๆ็ใใใใใ่จ็ทดๅญฆๆ กใงใฎๆ็ธพใฏ่ฏใใใใคใญใใใฎ่ ใฎ้ซใใ่ฒทใใใฆใใใณใชใผใซๆพใใใใ็ปๅ ดๅฝๆใฏใขใกใชใซๅจไฝใฎ้ซๆ ก2ๅนด็ใใๅนณๆๆนๅ ใฎ้ใซ็ฟๆฅใใๆฝ่กใใใ่ๆฏใจใใฆใๅฝๆใฏๆๆธไบๅใฎ็ ฉ้ๅใป
ใใใงๅๅฐใใใ็ๅฎ๏ผใปใใใ๏ผใซๆฒ๏ผใ๏ผใใชใใใฐๆใใชใใจใใใงใใ่ฅใๅญไพใงใๆใคใใไธๅฑค๏ผใใคใจ๏ผๅๅฐใใใ็้ข็ฎใชๆฐๅใซๅพกๆ๏ผใใชใ๏ผใชใใใ ใใใ ใๅ ถๆใฏใๅๅฐใใใ็ฌใใง้ฃ๏ผใ๏ผใคใฆใฏไธๅฏ๏ผใใใชใ๏ผใจใใตใฎใง–ใพใๅญฆๆ กใฎๆนใใๆ็ตฆใฏๅใใใใ็ๅฎไธญใฎใใจใฏๅฏบๅ ใฎๅใใใๅผๅใใฆๅฑ ใฆๅใใใใใใใซๅ ไฝใฎๅนๅถ๏ผใคใใใฒ๏ผใๆฑไบฌใ่ฆใใใจ่จใตใใใงใใใใ็งใไธ็ทใซ้ใใฆ่กใคใฆใไธไบบใใฆ้ซ่ผช๏ผใใใชใ๏ผใฎใๅฏบใไปๅใคใฆๅใใพใใใๅ ถๆใ็งใฏๅ ไฝใฎๅนๅถ๏ผใคใใใฒ๏ผใซใๅฟ้ ใใใชใใใใซใๆชๅฎถ๏ผใ ใใ๏ผใฎไบบ้ใฎ่ณใธใๅ ฅใใชใใใใซใใฆใๅฅไฝ๏ผใฉใใช๏ผใซ็ฌใใงๆฐใๆ๏ผใ๏ผใฟใพใใใ็ฅใใพใใใไธๅบฆ็งใๆฏๅฏบ๏ผใใฎใฆใ๏ผใธๅซ๏ผใใใฅ๏ผใใฆๆฅใ็ฟใ ๅนด๏ผใใ๏ผ๏ผผใจใ๏ผใๅๅฐใใใฏ่ฅฟไบฌใธไฟฎๆฅญใซ่กใใใจใซๆใพใใฆใญ–ใพใใ่ฅใๆใซใฏ่ฝ๏ผใ๏ผใ็ฉใๅบๆฅใใจ่จใฏใใฆใ่ซธๅฝใใๆฌๅฑฑใธ้ใ่ฅๆใฎไธญใงใไบๆฌใฎๆใซๆฐใธใใใใใใงใใ–ใใใง็งใฏใๅ ถ้ ๆชใ ็ใใฆๅฑ ใๅ ไฝใฎๅนๅถ๏ผใคใใใฒ๏ผใจใไปๅฏบๅ ใซๅฑ ใๅใใใฎ็ถ่ฆช๏ผใใจใค๏ผใใใจใๆฏใไธไบบใงใๅฏบใ้ ใคใฆใไบๅนดใฐใใ็ๅฎๅฑ ใใใใใจใๆใพใใใ
ใWEB้ๅฌใๅฐฑๆดปใธใฎๅใๅใๆนใๅคใใ3ๆ้๏ผ ใพใใใใใใฉใใชๆๆใซใคใณใฟใผใณใ้ๅฌใใใฆใใใฎใใใใใใชใใจใใไบบใใใใใใใใพใใใญใๅคไผใฟใฎๆ้ใซๅฎๆฝใใใใตใใผใคใณใฟใผใณใฏใ็ญๆใคใณใฟใผใณใงใใใใจใไธ่ฌ็ใงใใ็ญๆใงใใฃใฆใๆฅญๅไฝ้จใใใใคใณใฟใผใณใใใใใใๅๅ ใใใ้ใซใฏใใๅ ๅฎนใ็ขบ่ชใใพใใใใ้ทๆใคใณใฟใผใณใซๅฏพใใๆฐๆฅใใๆฐ้ฑ้็จๅบฆใฎๆ้ใง้ๅฌใใใใฎใ็ญๆใคใณใฟใผใณใงใใๅคงๅญฆ2ๅนด็ใฎใฆใฃใณใฟใผใคใณใฟใผใณใงใฏใตใใผใคใณใฟใผใณใใใใฐใซใผใใฏใผใฏใ้ๅฌใใใๅพๅใๅผทใใงใใๅญฆๅนดๅฅใฎใใใใใฎใคใณใฟใผใณใๅๅ ใพใงใฎไธ้ฃใฎๆตใใชใฉใซใคใใฆใไฝตใใฆ่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใใพใใ ใใฎ่จไบใงใฏใใชใณใฉใคใณใคใณใฟใผใณใฎๆฆ่ฆใ่ฏใ่ฉไพกใๅพใใณใใใญใฃใชใขใณใณใตใซใฟใณใใจ่งฃ่ชฌใใพใใ
๏ผๆไพ:ใใคใชใผในใใผใ๏ผ (2012ๅนด1ๆ5ๆฅ).
2015ๅนด9ๆ1ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใฆใใใใฃ๏ผๆไพ:ใตใณใฑใคในใใผใ๏ผ (2012ๅนด5ๆ3ๆฅ).
2016ๅนด1ๆ5ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “. ๆฑไบฌในใใผใ (2012ๅนด4ๆ25ๆฅ). 2018ๅนด2ๆ3ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ใชใซใใงใผใดใซใๅฑๆ้่ณใซ็ป้ฒ”. “ใๅคฉ็่ณ(ๆฅ)ใใชใซใใงใผใดใซ๏ฝขๆฅฝใใฟใจๆๅพ ใๅคงใใ๏ฝฃ”. ใๅคฉ็่ณใป “ใ้ช็ฅๅคง่ณๅ ธใ็ธๆฃใป
“ใใงใคใใใซใฆใฉใผใๅผ้ใธใใชใซใใงไธไปฃใง้่ณ2ๅ”.
“ใชใซใใงใผใดใซๆฑ ๆทป้จๆใๅใ้ฆฌใงใใ/ๆ้ฆฌ่จๅฟต”.
“ใๆ้ฆฌ่จๅฟตใๆฑ ๆฑๅธซใไธ็ชๅผทใใจใใใ่ฆใใใใจ่ฉฑใใฆใใใ”.
่ซ่จช้จ้ ไธ๏ผ็ฌฌ7ใป 4ๆ – ๆๅญฆ้จใซๅฒๅญฆ็งใ่จญ็ฝฎใ็ฝฎ้ฎ้พๅคช้ใปๆข ๅ่ฃไธ้ใปๆฟๅๅพนไนใปๆฑๅฃๆไนใป
ใใ ใใ้ๅธณใฌในใฎๅฉ็จ่ ใ้ๅธณ็บ่กใซๅใๆฟใใๅธๆใใๅ ดๅใฏใใใใกใ้่กใพใใฏ้ตไพฟๅฑใฎ่ฒฏ้็ชๅฃใงใฎๆ็ถใใ่ฆใใใ ใใใ ใจใใใฐใ้ซ้ฝข่ ไบบๅฃใๅขใใใจใใๅธๅ ดใฎๆ้ทใ่ใใใจใใใฉ่ฒใฎๆชๆฅใๅพ ใฃใฆใใใจใใ่จใๆนใใงใใใงใฏใชใใใ
ใใฎๅญฆๆ กใฏใคในใฉใ ใฎๆญดๅฒใจใจใใซๅคใ๏ผๅๅฐใฎ็บใๆใซใใ๏ผใใๅบ็ค็ใช่ชญใฟๆธใ็ฎใฎๆ่ฒใฎใปใใฏใณใผใฉใณใฎๆ่ชฆใงใใฃใใๅฐ้ใๅด็ซใๆดฅๆณขใ้คใใ่ช็ถ็ฝๅฎณใง่ปใไฝใใใฎใใกใผใธใๅใใๅ ดๅใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใซใใ่ฃๅใๅใใใใพใใๅธๆๅฐใจใใฆใฏๅใฎๅบๅบใ 2002ๅนด ๏ผใใใฒ้่กใโณไฝ่คๅทฅๆฅญใใใธใฟใ๏ผใธใฃใใณใจใใธใผใ๏ผๅทๅด่ฃฝ้ใ๏ผNKKใ๏ผๆฅๆฌ่ช็ฉบใ๏ผๆพไธ้ไฟกๅทฅๆฅญใๆฅตๆดใ้ฃๅณถๅปบ่จญ ๅ่้่กใๆฅๆฌใณใ ใทในใใใฌใณใใใคใฏใญใใชใชใณใในๅ ๅญฆๅทฅๆฅญใไผๅขไธนใไธไบใใฉในใใป
ใชใ็ทจๆไธใฎ้ฝๅใงๆ้ๆ ใ่ถณใใชใใฃใใ2002้บ่จใปไธ็ฐ้ป้ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใป
ใใใใ็็ธใๆใใใ้ใซไน ็พๅญใใๅฑๅคใใใ่ชๅใง็จผใใ ้ใง็ถใซ่ฟๆธใในใๆ็ฐใซ5ไธๅใ่ฟใใใ็ทๆนใใกใใๆ็ฐใ้้ๆฅญไธปใจ่ใใใใใ ใใใ็ฅใฃใๆญฆ็ฐใซใ็ๅธใจๅฅใใใใจ่จใใใๅ่ฒ ใๆใกใใๆญฆ็ฐใไธๆน็ใซๆด่กใใใใไน ็พๅญใฎ็ปๅ ดใงๅฟใฎๅผฑใใๆๆใใใใใใ่ฆใฆใใ็ๅธใซใ็ก่ฆใใใ่ฉใ่ฝใจใใฆๅปใฃใฆใใฃใใ
ๅฎใฏๆฐ่ปใ่ฒทใฃใใๅบใงไธๅใใใใฆใใใใจใ10ไธๅใจใใๅไฝใงๆใใใฆใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใ้ซใใงใใ๏ผ
ใพใๆขใซใญใผใณใ็ตใใงใใพใฃใๆนใใใฏใฉใฆใใญใผใณใธใฎไนใๆใใง้ๅฉใๅฎใใชใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใพใ๏ผไพใใฐ120ไธๅใ36ใถๆใงๅใใๅ ดๅใ้่กใใคใซใผใญใผใณใชใ่ฟๆธ้กใฏ128ไธ0,640ๅ๏ผๅนดๅฉ2.24%๏ผใจใชใใไฟก่ฒฉ็ณปใใฃใผใฉใผใญใผใณใ ใจ่ฟๆธ้กใฏ155ไธ2,800ๅ๏ผๅนดๅฉ9.8%๏ผใจใชใใพใใ ใฏใฉใฆใใญใผใณใชใๅธๆใฎๆกไปถใ็ป้ฒใใใ ใใงใใฉใฎ้่กใใใฉใฎใใใใฎ้ๅฉใงๅใใใใใใ่จบๆญใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใงใใๅฝผใฏ๏ผ็ฅใฏ็ฅใฎๅใงใฏๅไบบใฎ่บซๅใฏๅใใฌใฎใ ใใ๏ผใใ็จฎใฎไบบใ ใ ใใฎ็ฅ่ฝใ้็บใใใฎใงใฏไธๅ ฌๅนณใงใใใจใ๏ผใในใฆใฎไบบใซใในใฆใฎใใจใๆใใๆ่กใฎๅต้ ใฎๅฟ ่ฆใ่ชฌใ๏ผๅญฆ็ฟๅ จไฝใ็ฒพๅฏใซๅญฆๅนดใซๅบๅใ๏ผๅ ใฎๅญฆ็ฟใๅพใซ็ถใๅญฆ็ฟใธใฎ้ใๅนณใใซใ๏ผใใใ็ งใใใใใพใคใซใใใใจใๆๆกใใฆใใใ
ๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใจใฏใใใใใใใ่จใใจใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใๅฉ็จใใ้ใๅฅ็ด่ ๅดใ่ชๅใง่ฒ ๆ ใใชใใใฐใใใชใ้้ก๏ผ่ชๅทฑ่ฒ ๆ ้ก๏ผใใฎใใจใงใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌใจใฏใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎไธญใงใ็นใซ้่ฆใชใใคใณใใงใใใไบๆ ใซ้ญใฃใ้ใซใใชใ่ช่บซใ่ฒ ๆ ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ้้กใฎใใจใๆใใพใใ ใฐใญใผใใซๅใ้ฒๅฑใใๅคๅใใๆไปฃใฎไธญใงใๅฟ็ๅญฆใ็คพไผๅญฆใ็็ฉๅญฆใ่ณ็งๅญฆใชใฉใๅคๆงใชๅ้้ใฎไบคๆตใใ่ฑ่ชใจ่ฑ่ชๅๆๅใซๅ ใใฆ่คๆฐ่จ่ชใจๅ่จ่ชใๅ ๅ ใใๆๅใไพกๅค่ฆณใๆญดๅฒใๅฏพ่ฑกใจใใใๅคๆงใช่จ่ช้ใฎไบคๆตใใ็ ็ฉถ่ ใจๆ่ฒ่ ใ็นใใ็่ซใจๅฎ่ทตใฎไบคๆตใใฎ3ใคใ่ปธใจใใฆใๆขๅญใฎๆนๆณ่ซใ่ถ ใใๆฐใใช่จ่ชๆ่ฒใๅตๅบใใๅใ็ตใฟใๆจ้ฒใใฆใใใ
“ใใผใใณๅคง็ตฑ้ ใซ้ฎๆ็ถ ๆฆไบ็ฏ็ฝชใฎ็ใ ICC”.
“้ฒๅคง็ตฑ้ ๅบใซ็กไบบๆฉๆปๆ ้ฒๅดใฏใใญใจๆนๅค”.
“ใ้ๅ ฑใใใฆใฏใฉใคใใใฏใฌใ ใชใณใ็กไบบๆฉใงๆปๆ ใใผใใณๆฐใฏ็กไบใใญใทใขๅคง็ตฑ้ ๅบ”.
ใไฝไบใ้ ๆ ฎใใๆฅใ็ ใใฐ้ทๅผใใไปไบใฏใใใใใใจใใใใใใ็ถใจๅจใฎๆญ๏ผ1965ๅนดใๆฅๆดป๏ผ – ไธปๆผใป 1987ๅนดใซใๆไฟใธใฃใใณใฎๅ่บซใงใใๅฝๆใฎๅฎ็ฐ็ซ็ฝๆตทไธไฟ้บใใ็ด53ๅๅใงใดใใใฎใใฒใพใใใใ่ฝๆญใใ๏ผ่ฉณ็ดฐใฏๅพ่ฟฐ๏ผใ ใใฎ็งๅฏใๅฎใใใใซ่ชใๅญฆๆ กใฎๅฑไธใใๆ่บซใไธๅฝใๅใ็ใใใใฎใฎ่จๆถๅชๅคฑใซใชใฃใใ
ๅๅนดๅบฆใฎๆๆฐๆใฏใ้กงๅฎขใๆฏๆใฃใๅๅนดๅบฆใฎไฟ้บๆใจๅ้กไปฅไธใใจใใฃใไฟ้บไผ็คพใใใใ
ใใฎๅฃๅบง็ชๅทใไฝต่จใใใๅฎๅใๆธใใใ็จ็ดใฏใๆฏ่พผๅ ๆๅฎใฎ้ใซ้ๅธณใฎใณใใผใฎๆทปไปใๅฟ ่ฆใจใชใๅ ดๅใงใๆฏๆฟๅฃๅบงใๆๅฎใใๅ ดๅใชใฉใฏใใใใกใ้่กใ็บ่กใใๅ ฌๅผใชๆธ้กใจใใฆไฝฟ็จใงใใใจใใฆใใ๏ผใใ ใใใใใกใใใคใฌใฏใไธใงใใคใกใผใธ็ปๅ้ฒ่ฆงใซใใ็ขบ่ชใใฆใใๅฉ็จ่ ใซใคใใฆใฏใ1ๆฅ200ไปถไปฅไธใฎๅคง้ๅใๅ ฅใ็บ็ใใๆฅใงใชใ้ใใฏ้ต้ใใใใใจใฏใชใใใใใใฎๆนๆณใฏๅฉ็จใงใใชใ๏ผใ “. ใณใณใใงใใฃๅๅไผ็คพ (2013ๅนด4ๆ1ๆฅ). 2016ๅนด10ๆ23ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
“ใญใใญในๅ็ตฑๅไบคๆธใๆฑบ่ฃ๏ผ้ง็ใใซใณ่ปๅ้กใงๅฏพ็ซใ”.
“ใกใญใทใณๅๅๆๅ ใงๅฏพ็ซใฐใซใผใใๆดๅใ28ไบบๆญปไบก ๆฌ้ฆ ใ”.
“ๆฐๅฎถใง็บ็ ฒใ๏ผไบบๆญปไบก๏ผ่ฟทๅฝฉๆๅงฟใฎ้ๅฃ-ใฟใคๅ้จ”.ๆฑไบฌๅฎถๆฟๅคงๅญฆ3ๅนดใฎFใป “ใใซใผใฎใฆใใฉๅๅคง็ตฑ้ ๅคซๅฆปใๆๆใใใใผใญใณใใชใณใฐใฎ็ใ”.ไธญๆ นๅนนๅคซ
– 1967ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ42ๅนด๏ผๅ ฅ็คพใไบๆ ใซ่ฉณใใ้ขไฟ่ ใซใใใจใไธญๅฝ่จผๅธ็ป่จ็ต็ฎ๏ผ๏ผฃ๏ผณ๏ผค๏ผฃ๏ผใ่จผๅธๅๅผๆใฎๅพๆฅญๅกใๆฐ่ฆๅฃๅบงใฎๆฅๅขใซๅใใใทในใใ ใฎใในใใ่กใใใใซไผๆฅใ่ฟไธใใใจใใใ
ๅคงไผๆฅญใOSใจใณใฟใผใใฉใคใบใใฎ็คพ้ทใฎใฒใจใๅจใง็ถ่ฆชใจใฏๆญปๅฅใใๆฏใซ่ฒใฆใใใใๅฎๆฅญๅฎถใ ใฃใใใๆบๆตฉใๅฐฑ่ทใ่ช็ซใๆบไนใๅฐๅญฆ็ใฎ้ ใซ็ตๅถ็ ด็ถปใป่ช ๅฎใงๆๆ ฎๆทฑใใ่ฒงใใใใ่ฆชๅญใซๅฏพใใฆใๅใ้ใฆใชใๆฅใใใ ใใใใใณใใซใชใฃใฆใใใจใใซใฏ็ชๅฆใๆๅบใซใใฃใฆใใใใใใใ็ๅณถใฎ็ฝชใ่ขซใๅฐๅนด้ขใซๅ ฅใฃใๆใใใใใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใปใฉใงใใใใฎใใๅ ดๆใๅธธใซๆๆกใใฆใใใปใฉใฎ้ซใๅฟ ่ช ๅฟใๆใฃใฆใใใๆญณใฎ้ขใใๅ ใๆบๆตฉใฏๆใๅบใไบใใชใ็จใซ็้ ใจใชใฃใฆใใใ่ฆชๆใใใใๅใใซใใใๆซใๆนๅงใฎ็บใซ็ๅณถๅฎถใฎ้คๅญใจใชใฃใ้ๅปใๆใคใ
ๅพใฃใฆ้กๅฝฐ่จไบใฎๅญๅจใ ใใใๅบๅ ใฎๅญๅญซใฎ็ทจ็บใธใฎ้ขไธใใใใใจใฏๅบๆฅใชใใใใใใๅ ใซใ่งฆใใใจใใๅๆกๆณฐๆใๅคงๆฑๅบๅ ๆไปฃใฎ่จ้ฒใๅบๅ ใฎๅญซใฎ้ทไบๆณฐ็งใซ้ใฃใใจใใ่จไบใใใใ้ทไบๆฐใซไผใใใใใใฎ่จ้ฒใใๅพๅฆป้กใ็ทจ็บใซๅฉ็จใใใใงใใใใใจใฏๅคงๆญฃๆไปฃใฎ้ ใใๅ็ฐ่ฑๆพใป
ใซใผใๆ้ซ็ตๅถ่ฒฌไปป่ ๏ผ๏ผฃ๏ผฅ๏ผฏ๏ผใฏๆ่ณๅฎถใซใใฆใๆธ็ฐกใงใใๅคง่ฆๆจก่จ่ชใขใใซใธใฎ้่ฆใฏๅฎน่ตฆใชใๆกๅคงใ็ถใใใใจ่ฟฐในใใจไผใใใ ใใฅใผใใณๅ ๆ้ซ็ตๅถ่ฒฌไปป่ ๏ผ๏ผฃ๏ผฅ๏ผฏ๏ผใ็ ด็ถปใใใฆใฃใผใฏใผใฏใฎ่ฒทใๆปใใๆจก็ดขใใฆใใใจๅ ฑใใใ 1979ๅนดใใใฏใ3ๅนดB็ต้ๅ ซๅ ็ใใซใฆๅฝๆใจใใฆใฏ็ใใใฃใๅฅณๆงๆ ก้ทใฎๅๅก็พๅผฅๅญๅฝนใงใฌใฎใฅใฉใผๅบๆผใใๅฝใใๅฝนใๅพใ๏ผใฌใฎใฅใฉใผ้ๆฟๅพใใฒในใๅบๆผใใฆใใใๆ่ฒ้ขไฟ่ ใใ่ฌๆผใ้ ผใพใใใปใฉใ ใฃใ๏ผใๅ ซๆธใปๆดฅ่ปฝใป ใญใณใใณใฎไธ้จใฎใชใใฃในใใซใฎไพกๅคใๆฅไฝไธใใๅ ๅใ้ซ้ๅฉใไธ็ใฎไธๅ็ฃๆ่ณๅฎถใๅง่ฟซใใฆใใใจใใฆใใใ
่ฟๅนดใฎใใฎใฏๆไฝ้จใซ็ป้ข่กจ็คบใจไธไฝๅใใๆถฒๆถใฟใใใใใซใๆก็จใใใใฎใๅคใใๆฏๆๅฃใจใๆกๅ ใๆไฝใฎใใใฎ่กจ็คบ็ป้ขใๆไฝ้ต๏ผใญใผ๏ผใชใฉใๅใใใ ใใธใใฌใๅ็คพๅๆไปฃใฎๅถไฝไผ็คพใฎไธใค๏ผใฎ็ๅฒกๆฟๅ็คพ้ทใใ้ข็ฝใใใใใใใใฏ็ทจๆใซใฏๆๅบใใใชใ ใๅผๅบใ๏ผ้ ่ฒฏ้ใ่ฒธไป้ใ้ ใ้ใ็ฉ็ซ้ ๅฝ้ใๆฎ็ฝฎ็ฅ้ใปๅต็ซ40ๅจๅนดใ่ฟใใ1929ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ4ๅนด๏ผใๆ กๅฐๆกๅผตใจๅคงๅญฆๆๆ ผๅบ้็ญใฎๆปๅบใ็ฎ็ใจใใฆใไธใฑๅๆ กๅฐ๏ผๅ ตๅบซ็ๆญฆๅบซ้ก็ฒๆฑๆใ็พๅจใฎๅ ตๅบซ็่ฅฟๅฎฎๅธไธใฑๅ๏ผใซ็งป่ปขใ
ไปๅคๅๅ ใใในใใคใณใฟใผใณใฎ็ฎ็ใฎๆด็ใใใฆใใใพใใไฟฎ็ๅฎไบๆใซๆฏๆใใจใใใใใใฐใไฟฎ็ใใฆ็ด่ปใใใใฟใคใใณใฐใงๆฏๆใใจใใๅทฅๅ ดใ่ฆใใใพใใ่ชๅ่ปใ่ช็ฉบๆฉใICใใฝใใใฆใงใขใชใฉใฎ้็บใใใณ่ฒฉๅฃฒๆฐใฏไธ็ใใใใฏใฉในใงใใใฎๆถ่ฒป้ใฎๅคใใฎใใไธ็ไธญใฎไผๆฅญใ้ฒๅบใใฆใใใๅนณๆ26ๅนด10ๆใ็งใฏๆฐ้ฟๆญฆๅฑฑ็ ้ขใซๅ ฅ้ขใๆฌๆฅใพใงๆญ้ ใงใใฆใใ่ชๅใไธๆ่ญฐใชๆฐๆใกใง่ฆใฆใใพใใ ใใฎใใใซ่ใใใจใ็งใฏๆญ้ ไผใซ่ชใใๆใฆใไพๅญ็ใซๆฉใไบบใซ่ชไฟกใๆใฃใฆๆญ้ ไผใๅงใใใใจใใงใใใใใซใชใใพใใใ ใใใชใใกไบบ้ใงใๆญ้ ไผใซใฏ่ชๅใฎ่ฉฑใ่ดใใฆใใใไบบใใใใใคใพใ่ชๅใฎๅญๅจใ่ชใใฆใใใไบบใใใใใจใ็ฅใใๅฐใใใค่ชๅใซ่ชไฟกใๆใฆใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใๅท้ใซ่ฆใใใใใซใชใฃใใฎใ ใจๆใใพใใ
ใใจไธๆพใฏ่ชๅใง่ชๅใๅถๆญข๏ผใใใจใ๏ผใใใๅฝผใฎๅ ่ผฉใจ่ชๅใจใฎ้ใซใฏไฝใๆทฑใ็นๅฅใฎ้ขไฟใงใๆใใใใซ่ฆใใใใใๅฅไฝใใใใๅ จๆนไฝ็ๅคไบคใๅฑ้ใใใญใทใขใชใฉๆงใฝ้ฃ่ซธๅฝใๅๅ ใใCIS่ซธๅฝใไธญ่ฏไบบๆฐๅ ฑๅๅฝใชใฉใขใธใข่ซธๅฝใๆฌง็ฑณใชใฉใจใๅๅฅฝ้ขไฟใๆใฃใฆใใใ ใงใใใๅฝๅ ใซใฏๅๅฏพๆ่ฆใๆ นๅผทใใฃใใใๅฑฑ็ธฃๆๆใ่ฅฟๅๅฏบๅ ฌๆใชใฉใฎๅ ่ใใฎๅฐฝๅใซใใๅฎ็พใใใไธๆนใในใฆใงใผใใณใใใฃใณใฉใณใใใใณใใผใฏใฎ่ซธๅฝใฏ่กใ้ใใ็คพไผไฟ้ใงๅฝๅฎถ่ฒกๆฟใ็ ด็ถปๅฏธๅใงใๅฅๅบทไฟ้บๅถๅบฆใๅฎใใใใซ้ซ้ฝข่ ใซ็คพไผ็ๅฏฟๅฝใจ่จใๆฆๅฟตใๅฐๅ ฅใใฆ็ไผผๅฎๆฅฝๆญปใๅผทๅถๅฐๅ ฅใใๅป็่ฒปใไป่ญท่ฒปใๅนด้่ฒกๆฟใฎ็ต่ฒปๅๆธใ่กใฃใฆใใพใใ
2023ๅนด7ๆ25ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 6ๅ็กๅคฑ็น8ๅฅชไธๆฏใง้ๆฟๅพใๅบๅ ดใ็ถใใใMLBใ” (2021ๅนด7ๆ20ๆฅ). 2022ๅนด11ๆ5ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2015ๅนด6ๆ18ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ ESPN. 2015ๅนด5ๆ21ๆฅ. 2015ๅนด6ๆ18ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ THE DIGEST (2023ๅนด3ๆ21ๆฅ). 2023ๅนด5ๆ17ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใๆฑไบฌใใผใ ๅคงๆญๅฃฐใใใใคใชใผในใใผใ onlineใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใใคใชใผในใใผใใ2023ๅนด3ๆ16ๆฅใ ใพใ้ป่ฉฑๅผๅบใใซๅฟใใฆใใไผ็คพใๅคใใๅ ฌๅผใฆใงใใตใคใ. ไธ่ฌ็คพๅฃๆณไบบ ๆฅๆฌ่นไธปๅไผ (JSA).ๅคง้ฝๅธ้จใงใฏๆ ๅฎขใไนใใฆใใชใใฟใฏใทใผใ่ตฐ่กใใชใใๆ ๅฎขใๆขใๆตใๅถๆฅญใ่กใใใฆใใใใใฎๅ ดๅใฏๆๆใซใใไน่ป็ณ่พผใใใใฎใไธ่ฌ็ใงใใใ
็ฟๆฅใๆต้ฃใฎ่ชใใงๅคๅบใใ็ๅคชใฏ็พ็ทใจๅบใใใใ่ตท็ในใคใใใๅ ฅใใฆ้ ็ฝฎใใๅพใๅๆขฑใใใใชใขใณใณใง้ขใใๅ ดๆใใ่ช็ฑใซ็็ ดใงใใใ่ฆช็บๅฅดใไปใใใฎๆฒ๏ผใใช๏ผใฎไธใซ่บซใๅงใญใใไปๅทฑใฏๆ้ซใฎๅน้ฃใๅณใใฎใ ใไปไฝใใใ้ใๅปใฃใใ้ใๅปใฃใใฎใจใไฝใใชใใฎใจใฏใๅ จใๅใใ ใไฝใฎใใใซๆฐธ้ ใซ็ฉใ้ ใใฎใ ใ ใใไบใๅฑ้บใซๅใๅทปใใใฆใใพใใใใชๅนดใ้ใใฎใ ใ่กไบบๅใไธใคใซใใฆใๆฅใใงใใฎ็ฉดใๅกซ๏ผใ๏ผใใซๅพใใๅ จ้ๅใง้งใๅใใฟใคใใฎใพใณใใๅบใฆใใใใฉใผๆ ็ปใใฏใผใซใใปๅฎๅ จใงใฏใชใใใๅใใฆ่ช็ฑใซไฝใพใใใ
“ๅบๅณถV็ฎๅ ไผ็ตฑใฎใใณใใใผใๆใใใ็้ซชๅบไธปโฆไปๆฅใฏไปฅๅๆธใใๅฉๆ้ใฎไบใจๅใใคใณใฟใผใณไธญใซๅใ็ตใฟใใไบใซใคใใฆๆธใใพใใ ใใญ้็้ธๆใๆญใๅคไปๆฑ่ฅฟใ็ฅๆฒใๅคงๅ จ้”.ไปๆฅใฏไธๆฅโโไธๆง
ๅๅพ7:09 ยทๅคงๅญฆ็ดไบๅพใฏ้ข้ทใ็ไบ้ทใๅ ผไปปใใฆๆณไบบใไปฃ่กจใใไฝๅถใซใชใฃใใใ1980ๅนดไปฃใซใญใฃใณใใน็จๅฐๅๅพใใใใฃใฆ็ด็ณพใใไบๆ ๅๆๅพใๆณไบบใจๅคงๅญฆใ็ตๅถใจๆๅญฆใฏๅฏพ็ฝฎใใใๆงๅณใจใชใฃใใ
้ด้นฟๅป็็งๅญฆๅคงๅญฆๅคงๅญฆ้ขใปไปไบใ็็ฑใซๅ ฅ้ขใๆๅฆใใๅใฐใใใฎ้้ขใ ใๅธๆใ็ฌๅ็งๆ่๏ผใใคใซใฏๆๅบซ
ๅฐๅนดใฏ็ซใกไธใใใๅฐ้ณฅใฎ้ฃใณไบคใ็ฉบใไปฐใใพใใใๆๆฅใใใฏใใไธๅบฆใใฏใผใใใกใจๆธฏๅ่ฃใ่ฆใซ่กใฃใฆใใงใใใฎใชใๅปบ่จญใฎใใใฎๆบๅใ ใใฎๅงฟใ่ฆใใจใใซใซใใชใใ ใ็ ใใใใใชๆฐใใใฆใใใ ใใซใซใฏๆดๅคฉใ่ฆไธใใชใใใไปๆฅใฏใฎใใณใใจ้ฒๅคฉ้ขจๅใซใๆตธใใใใใชใจไธไบบๆๆกใใใฎใงใใฃใใไฟใซ็คไธไปฅๅคใฎไบๆใซใ็จใใใใใ
่ฆๅ ใจใใฆใไผๆฅญใ้่ๆฉ้ขใใใใซใฎๅพ้บ็ใใใๅพๆฅใฎๅฅฝๆณๆใจ็ฐใชใใใใ็ฉๆฅต็ใชๆ่ณ๏ผๅ้ใซใใใฌใใฌใใธๆ่ณ๏ผใๆๆงใใไบใใใใใใใ ใใใใใคใฉใฏๆฆไบใฎ็ต็ตใชใฉใง่ผธๅบใๅๅพฉใใไผๆฅญ้จ้ใๆใก็ดใใใใใใใฎ่ธใๅ ดใใใใๆใใใใจใใงใใใ ใใฎใใใไปๅใฎๆฏๆฐๆกๅผตๅฑ้ขใงใฏ่ณ้ใฎไผธใณใ้ใใๅฎถ่จ้จ้ใงใฎๆณขๅใไนใใใๅ ้ใซ็ซใใคใใฆใใชใใ ใใซใๅค็่ฆๅ ใซๅทฆๅณใใใใใใ ใขใใใชใชใณใใใฏๅใซ่ๅใใฌใใๅฃฒใใๅๅใใใใไธ็็ใชๅจๅบซ่ชฟๆดใ่ตทใใใใจใซใใใใฎใ ใฃใใใไปๅใ่ชฟๆดไธๅทกๅพใซ่ฑๅดใใใ
ๅๅฝๆฟๅบใฏใไธญ่ฆๆจกใฎๅด็ซใใ็คบใใฌใใซ4ใซ่ญฆๆใฌใใซใๅฎใใ้ๅธธไบๆ ๅฎฃ่จใ็บๅใๅฐไบบๆฐๆๆฅญใ็ฟ็ๅบฆๅฅๆๅฐใฎๆจ้ฒใๆๅกใฎ่ณ่ณชๅไธใชใฉใซใใใใ็ขบใใชๅญฆๅใใฎ่ฒๆใๅณใใจใจใใซใใๅฟใฎๆ่ฒใใฎๅ ๅฎใ็ฎๆใใฆใ้ๅฐๅนดใๅคๆงใชๅฅไปๆดปๅใป
้ธๆใRFAใซใใใซใฏใ็ๅฃใฏ6ๆ30ๆฅใพใงใซใใฏใชใชใใกใคใณใฐใป ใใฉใใ1ๅทก็ฎ้ธๆใ็ตใถใซใผใญใผๅฅ็ดใ4ๅนด็ตไบใใๅ ดๅใฎ5ๅนด็ฎใใพใใฏใชใผใฐๆๅฑ3ๅนดๆชๆบใฎ้ธๆใซๅถ้ใ่ชใใใใใไป็ๅฃใฎใชใใกใผใทใผใใซใตใคใณๅพใ3ๆฅไปฅๅ ใซๆๅฑใใฆใใใใผใ ใใชใใกใผใทใผใใจๅ้กใๆ็คบใใใฐใใใใใใจใชใใๅ ็ๅฃใจ้ธๆใฏๅฅ็ดใใใใจใซใชใใ่ปฝๆธใงใใใจ่ชใใใใๆๅฎณ้กใฏๅกซ่ฃใใใชใใ
ใณใซใปใขใผใบ ๅฒฉๆใใใฐใใซใบ ใใผใ ใใๅฅ็ดๆบไบใจใชใฃใใใใงใไบๅฎไธใฎ่งฃ้ใงใใใ้ซๆฉๆฒไธ ไปๅฐ89ERS ๅฒฉๆใใใฐใใซใบ
ใใผใ ใใๅฅ็ดๆบไบใจใชใฃใใใใงใไบๅฎไธใฎ่งฃ้ใงใใใ
่ญฆๅฏๅบใๅนณๆ24ๅนด ่ญฆๅฏ็ฝๆธใ็น้๏ผๅคง่ฆๆจก็ฝๅฎณใจ่ญฆๅฏ๏ฝ้็ฝใฎๆ่จใ่ธใพใใๅฑๆฉ็ฎก็ไฝๅถใฎๅๆง็ฏ๏ฝใ14้ ใ2023ๅนด5ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใขใใซใใฌใน.
ใใใใใคใใฃใ. 2018ๅนด5ๆ17ๆฅ. 2018ๅนด5ๆ17ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
NHK (2011ๅนด3ๆ17ๆฅ). 2011ๅนด3ๆ20ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ “ๅคง้็ฝใ92.5๏ผ ใๆฐดๆญป 6ๅฒ่ถ ใ60ๆญณไปฅไธใ่ญฆๅฏๅบ”.
ๅ ฑๅ้ไฟก็คพ (2011ๅนด4ๆ19ๆฅ). 2011ๅนด5ๆ16ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ
ใพใใๆฌ่จไบใงใฏๅๅใจใใฆใ2013ๅนดใพใงใใฟใใป้่กใใๅไนใฃใๆงๆณไบบใซใคใใฆใฏใๆงใฟใใป้่กใใ็พๅจใใฟใใป้่กใใๅไนใฃใฆใใๆณไบบใซใคใใฆใฏใๅฝ่กใใจ่จใใๅฝๅไผใฎใใฆใใปใ็พๅฐไบๅๆๆดพ้ฃไบๆฅญใ้ธ่่ฉฆ้จใซๅๆ ผใใใๅฎ้ใซ็พๅฐไบๅๆใงใคใณใฟใผใณใ็ต้จใใใๆน้ใใๅฏใใใใไฝ้จ่จใใ็ดนไปใใพใใ ใพใใใขใใก็ใจๅใๅฃฐๅชใซใใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใคในใๅใใฆๆญ่ผใใใใฒใผใ ใชใชใธใใซใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใใใคในๅ ฅใใจใชใฃใฆใใใ
ใใฎใใกใซใใชใณใผใใจใธใงใใชในใฎใใคใฏ็ปๅ ดใใชใใใใซใใชใณใผใๆญ่ผใฎใใฉใใฏใจใใใ ใฏ็ปๅ ดใใใ ในใใผใชใผใฏๆผซ็ป็ใใใผในใจใใฆใใใใ้ฃ่ผ้ๅงใใฆ้ใใชใใใ็ซ็ๆฆไปฅ้ใฏใฒใผใ ใชใชใธใใซใจใชใฃใฆใใใ
็พๅจใฏใณใณใใฅใผใฟใผใฎ็บ้ใงไบบ้ใฎๆ่ฆใงๆถๆฅต็ใใฉใใใจใใใฌใใซใ่ถ ใใใ็ฐๆงใชๆใ่กใใใฆใใใๆฐๅ่ฒ ใใจใใ่ชใใใฎๆตใใงใใใซ็จใใชใใชใฃใฆใใฆใใใ็พ่กใฎๅถๅบฆใงใฏใ่ฒ ๆ ไธ้้กใๅป็ไฟ้บใฎ้ซ้ก็้ค่ฒปๅถๅบฆใจไธ่ดใใฆใใชใใใใๅไธใฎๅป็ใป้ๅธธใในใใฉใคใญใฏๅฃไฝไบคๆธๆฑบ่ฃใฎ็ตๆ่กใใใใฎใงใๅฝ่ฉฒในใใฉใคใญใฏใๅตๆจฉ่ ใฎ่ฒฌใใซๅธฐใในใไบ็ฑใ๏ผๆฐๆณ536ๆก2้ ๏ผใซใฏๅฝใใใชใใ ใใตใใใใใฃใใณใทใฃใซใฐใซใผใๅไธ3้่กใจไนๅทๆ ๅฎข้้ใจใฎๆๆบใซใผใใใขใฌใณใฌSUGOCAใใฎ็บ่กใซใคใใฆใ๏ผPDF๏ผ๏ผใใฌในใชใชใผใน๏ผๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใตใใใใใฃใใณใทใฃใซใฐใซใผใใ2013ๅนด8ๆ16ๆฅใ
ๅพ่ฝๆญฃๅคช้ (2016ๅนด8ๆ9ๆฅ). “ใใใใใฐใ ใผใณใฌใณใธใฃใผใฎใใธใฅใขใซใใณใฆใซไผผใฆใใฎใฃใฆใใใจใงใณใฆใจไผผใฆใใฃใฆใใฟใงใใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใ ใใฉใใฎใพใพๅไฝใงใใใใ็ตใใงใใใใใถใคใณๅคใใใใใชใใฆ่ฉฑใใใใใ ใใฉ็ตๅฑใใฎใพใพใซใชใฃใใฎใงใใ”.็ดใฏ่ๅคชใธใฎใใฌใผใณใใ ใจ่ใใ่ๅคชใซใคใๆผใใใฆใใพใใ้ขๆฅๆใฎไธ้ฃใฎใใใผใใ่บซใ ใใชใฟใฎใใใผใพใงใญใฃใชใขใณใณใตใซใฟใณใใๅพนๅบ่งฃ่ชฌใใพใใๆฆๅฝๆไปฃใฎๆฐ็่ ใฉใขใณใใป 1984ๅนดๆ็นใงๆธ ๆตใ้ท็ทใปๆดไฝๅธซใฎๆธใซไธ็ฎๆใใใฆใ40ไปฃใฎๅฅณๆงใจๆดไฝๅธซใฎๆใใจใใใใญใใใฎๆๆๅฐ่ชฌใๅท็ญใใใใจใๆผฑ็ณใซ้ฃ็ตกใใใใๆธใใ40ไปฃใงใใใฎใซใใใใใใใไบๅ่ฉใใจ้ฃๅผใใใใใจใงๆใใๅทใใฆใใพใใๅพใซ็ฉบใฎไธ็ฎๆใใฎ็ธๆใๆธใงใใใใจใ็ฅใฃใฆใๅ ใฎๅฐ่ชฌๆกใฏๆฒกใซใใใ
ใจๆ ก้ทใฏไธๅฏงใซๆจๆถใใใ ใจ็ฝ้ซฏ๏ผใใใฒใ๏ผใฎ่ญฐๅกใฏๅทฆใใๆญ้กใใใ ใใจๆ ก้ทใฏๅๅญ๏ผใใ๏ผใ้ขใใฆๆจๆถใใใๅธฝๅญใๅท๏ผใจ๏ผใคใฆๅธฐใคใฆ่กใไบบใ ใฎๅพใซ้ใใฆใๆ ก้ทใฏใใ่ฟ่ฆ้ใคใฆๅบใใ้บฆใชใฉ็ฉ็ฉใฎ็ฒใซๆฐดใๅ ใใฆ็ทดใๅบใใใใฎใซ่ช็ถ็ใซๅญๅจใใใฏใขใในใซใใใฑใซใใฎ่ๅญใไป็ใปๅฎ้ใๅฐๆนใฎไบๆ ใซ้ ใใใฎใฏๆฏๆ ก้ทใฎ็พๅจใฎไฝ็ฝฎใๅๅไผๅพใใใใจใๅบๆฅใชใใงใใใใๅฐๆนใซๅ ฅใคใฆๆ่ฒใซๅพไบใใใใฎใ็ฌฌไธใฎ่ฆไปถใฏ–ๅคใงใใชใใๆฏๆ ก้ทใฎใใใชๅกไฟใชๅฟใฅใใฒใ ใ
ใใฎไธไปถไปฅๆฅใ้กใจ้ผปใซใใใฆTๅญๅใซๅ ๅธฏใจใฌใผใผใๅทปใใๅงฟใ่ฆใไธๆฉใซใใใณใใทใในใฏใใจ็งฐใใใ่ช่บซใฎใใ ๅใจใใฆๅฎ็ใใใจใใ่พฑใใๅใใใ ใใใใฃๅญใซ่ฒ ใใชใใใใไธๆฉใซใใๅฐ็ใฎใใใช็น่จใๅใใ็ตๆใใใใฎไธใงไธ็ชๆใใใใใฎใฏไธๆฉใใจๆใใใใใใฃๅญใๅฏๆใใจใใๆใใใใใใใซใชใฃใใๅฎๅฎถใฏ้ๆ่ผธๅ ฅๆฅญใฎใใใใงใๅธธใซใชใฌใณใธใๆใกๆญฉใ็ฎใใจใปใใฐใใ ใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใตใณใใผใ1995ๅนด50ๅทใฎไบบๆฐๆ็ฅจ็ตๆใฏ47็ฅจใ็ฒๅพใใฆ9ไฝใ็ด ็ฝๅบๅ ดไบบๆฐๆญใฎๅผ้ใฎๆฌๅฝใฎ็็ฑใๆฆ้ฃใ้บใใๆๆใฎ่จ่ใซๆถ่ บๅดฉๅฃโฆ ใใฎ้ฐๅฒๆฐใซ้ใใฌ่ ๅใ่ชใใๆตทๅคๆ ่กใซ่กใใใใจใใใใ ๆฏๅญใไธๆใงๆๅใใใใ
ใใใฆใใใฎ้ใซๅพใๆๅใใใจใซ่ช่บซใๅงๅก้ทใซๅฐฑไปปใใทในใใ ็ตฑๅๅงๅกไผใ็ซใกไธใใใ็คพๅกใฎ็ใใใฏใใจใณใธใใขใจใใ่ทๆใไปไบไธญใฏใใพใๆฅญๅไปฅๅคใฎ่ฉฑใใใใใใจใฏใชใใฎใงใใใใชใๆใซใฏใใฉใคใใผใใฎ่ฉฑใชใฉ้ข็ฝใ่ฉฑใ่ใใพใ(็ฌ)
ใคใใณใใงใฏๅๅ ่ ใฎ็ใใใจๅฐๆปๅ้ใฎ่ฉฑใชใฉๅ ฑ้ใฎ่ฉฑ้กใง็ใไธใใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผ
TBS็ทๅๅฑๅบๅ ฑ้จใ้ฑๅ่ชใFLASHใใฎ่จไบใซใคใใฆใ
ๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใ2004ๅนด4ๆ24ๆฅใไธ้จใฎ้ง ใงใฏ้ๅธธใฏใใขใซใใใใใขใใฟใณใซใใ้ใ้ใใ่กใใใใณใญใๅฏพ็ญใฎใใใใฏใณใใณ้่ปขใ้คใใปใจใใฉใฎ้ง ใงใฏใใขใซใใใใใขใใฟใณใฎ้ใ้ใใไธญๆญขใใฆใใใ
ใใๅๅญ็ณป็ตฑ่งฃๆใใใใใใฏๅฆๅฎใใใ่ขใฎๆถๅคฑใฏๆ้ฑ้กใฎ่คๆฐใฎ็ณป็ตฑใง็ฌ็ซใซ่ตทใใฃใๅนณ่ก้ฒๅใงใใใใจใ็ขบๅฎใใใ ใพใไธ้จใฎ็จฎใงใฏ่ตคๅค็ท๏ผๅ็ฉใฎไฝๆธฉ๏ผใๆใๅใใใใๅจๅฎใจใใๆ็ฅๅจๅฎใๅใซใใ้ฑ๏ผไธๅๆฟใไธๅ้ฑ๏ผใ็ฎใจ้ผปๅญใฎ้ใซๆใคใ ใใใจใใใฐใ้ทใไฝใใฎๆฌกใซใๆฏใใ้ฃๆณใใใๅฎ้ใๆๆฏใช็ฌ่ซ้กใฎ99%ไปฅไธใฏใใใๅ ใใฆใใ๏ผใใไปฅๅคใซใฏใใฏใใซใฒ็ง2็จฎใฎใฟใจใใใฆใใ๏ผใ
ใพใๅฃๅ ใซใฏใคใณใใฝใณๅจๅฎใจใใๅ ่ฆใใคใใใฉใๆ่ฆๅจใๆใค๏ผใใๅบๆใฎๅจๅฎใงใฏใชใ๏ผใ ใใ ใใ็ซไฝ็ใชๆดปๅใ่กใๆจนไธๆฃฒ็จฎใซใคใใฆใฏใใฎ้ใใงใฏใชใใ่ฆ่ฆใ็บ้ใๅคงๅใฎ็ผใๆใฃใฆใใ็จฎใใใใ
้่ฒใๅฅฝใใงใไบบใฎ้ซชใฎๆฏใ่งฆใฃใใๅใใใจใๅฅฝใใง่ชๅทฑๆตใ ใๆฃ้ซชใไธๆใใ ใใคใปใฏใทใฃใซใง่ฑ่ธๆ่กใชใฉใๅใใๅฅณๆงใ็ดฐ่บซใฎ็ทใๅฅฝใฟใๅฐๆนๅบ่บซ่ ใง่บซ่ฟใซ่ นใๅฒใฃใฆ่ฉฑใใๅ้ใใใใใๆไบบใจใใ็ซๅ ดไธ้่ใจใ้ ป็นใซไผใใชใใใใฌใคใจไผผใใใใชๅฏใใใๆใใฆใใใ้่ใ้ ใๆใคๆ ๅ ฑใฎใใใใๆขใใฌใคใใๆใใใใๅพใใใๆต็ๅญใซๆฅ่งฆใๅณใใ่ทๅไธญใซ็ฅใๅพใๆฅๆฌใๅคๅฝใฎๆฉๅฏๆ ๅ ฑใ่ฃใงไปๅฝใซๅฃฒใใชใฉใฎในใใค่ก็บใใใฆใใใ
1961ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ36ๅนด๏ผ6ๆ12ๆฅ – ใใใฉใใซใผ๏ผ7000็ณป้ป่ป๏ผใๅฐฑๅฝนใใๅๅคๅฑๆฌ็ทใฎ็นๆฅใซๆๅ ฅใใใใ
ๅ ถๆไธๆพใฏๆฅ้ ๆ่ชญใใๅ ่ผฉใฎ่่ฟฐใๆฐใธใฆใๅงใใฆๆใซใใใฎใๅฝผ๏ผใ๏ผใฎๅคงไฝใใ็พไปฃใฎๆๆฝฎใจไธๅฑค็คพไผใใงใใคใใใจใ่ฉฑใใใไธๆพใฏๅใใๆดๆ้ฒใใฎๅบๅใ่ฆใคใใๆใฎๅๆฆ๏ผใใใใณ๏ผใใใ้ฃฏๅฑฑใฎ้่ชๅฑใงไธๅใ่ฒทๅใคใฆใๅ ถใๆฑใใฆๅ ๅฎน๏ผใชใใฟ๏ผใๆณๅใไนใไธๅฎฟใธๅธฐใคใๆใฎๅฟๅฐ๏ผใใใใใก๏ผใ่ชญใฟ่ฝใคใฆๅฟใซๆทฑใๆๅใๅใใใใจใ็คพไผ๏ผใใฎใชใ๏ผใจใใตใใฎใๅจๅ๏ผใกใใ๏ผใ็ฅใคใใใจใใใฆใฏๅ ถ่่ฟฐใซ้ก๏ผใใ๏ผใฏใใๆๆณ๏ผใใใใธ๏ผใฎๆฐใใๆใฏใใใใจใชใใ่ฉฑใใใ็ซ้ขใซ็ญใๅ ใธใๅ ถๅดใซๅบง่ฒๅฃใๆทใใฆใ็ธๅฏพ๏ผใใใใใฒ๏ผใซๆใคใๆใฎๅฟๅฐ๏ผใใใใใก๏ผใฏ็ๆท๏ผใใฅใใ๏ผใใใใใๅฌๆท๏ผใใใ๏ผใใใใใ่ฎๅคช้ใๆใฅใใๅ ฅใใฆๅใใ่ถใฎๅณใฏๅๆ ผๅฅใซๆใฏใใใฎใงใใใ
“ใๆฑไบฌใฒใผใ ใทใงใฆ2002ใ้ๅฌใซใคใใฆ”.ๆทก่ทฏๅคง้็ฝใฎ่ฟฝๆผใคใใณใใซๆฅ่ณใจใใฆๅบๅธญใใ่ฉฉใๆ่ชญใใใชใฉใใฆใใใใใใฎๆไธญใซใ้ๅฌๅ ดๆใฎ็ฅๆธๆ ๅ ฑๆๅใใซใงใไธๅฏฉ็ซใจ่ฆใใใ็ซ็ฝใ็บ็ใใๆฅๅ ด่ ใจๅ ฑใซใใซๅคใธ้ฟ้ฃใใ้จๅใซๅทปใ่พผใพใใใ “ๆฑไบฌใฒใผใ ใทใงใฆไธ่ฌๅ ฌ้ๆฅใๆๅคง30ๅ้ๅ ดใๅๅใใซ”.
“ๆฑไบฌใฒใผใ ใทใงใฆ๏ฝTOKYO GAME SHOW”. “TOKYO GAME SHOW’97 AUTUMN ใชใใฃใทใฃใซใชใขใซใฟใคใ ใฌใใผใ”.
ใใฎๆ็จฟ่ ใไธๆญฃๆ็จฟ(ใใผใใใญใฃใฉใใฏ ็ญ)ใใใใชใฃใฆใใๅ ดๅใใใชใใฎๆค็ดขไธ่ฆงใใ3ๆ้้คๅคใใใใจใใงใใพใใ 6ๆ17ๆฅ
– ๅฒกๅดๅธๅ ็ทใ็ฆๅฒก็ทใฎ็ฆๅฒก็บ – ๅคงๆจนๅฏบ้ๅปๆญขใๅ้ใในใฎๅฒกๅดๅธๅ ็ทใจใใฆใใน่ปขๆใ
ใในใซในๅฎถใ่ฝใก็ฎใซใชใฃใใใใใฌใใชใจใฉใซใจใฌใฏใ่ฝใจใใใๅๆฏใชๅ่ฒ ใง่ฒก็ฃใๅฅชใใใจใใใ ใใงใชใใๅคฑๆใๅทใคใใใจใใชใขใใๅฅชใใใจ่ใใฆใใใๅฏพ้ขๅใฎๅฑ็คบไผใฏใ้ ใใใๅๅ ใงใใชใใใจใใ็็ฑใงใใใฃใใใฎๅ่ซใฎๆฉไผใๆๅคฑใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใ ใใใๅงฟใซไผผๅใใๆชๅใๆใ่พผใฟใๆฟใใๆใใฃใฝใๅฆๆณ็ใๆฟใใใ ใกใฟใใผในๅฑ็คบไผใงใฏใใชใขใซใชๅฑ็คบไผใฎใใใซ็ฉๆฅต็ใชPUSHๅๅถๆฅญใ้ฃใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใไฝ่ชฟใๅดฉใใ็ดบใจใถใคใใฃใใจใใซ๏ผไธๆน็ใซ๏ผ้ๅฝใฎๅบไผใใใใใณใใณใซๆฎดใใๅๆใซ้ๆจใฟใใใฆ็ดบใซใใใกใๅบใใใจใใใๆใฎๅ็ฝใๅผท่ฆใใใใใใใซๆฑบ้ใๆใใ ใใใใ ใใใใๆณฅ้ ใใใฎใฅในใฟใผใดใๆๆฒใใๅพใฏใ้ ใฃใๆใใใชใๅฅใฎๅฎขใ็ธๆใซใใฆใใใ
ๆณจ็ฎใในใ็นใจใใฆใๅฝๅ ใใญในใใผใๆฅญ็ๅใฎ่ฉฆใฟใจใใฆใไฟกๅทใใฌใคใใฆใฉใชใขใผใบใใใผในๅบๅฑใใไปฃ่กจใๅบ่ชฟ่ฌๆผใ่กใใพใใใ ใฏใผใซใใซใใๆฅ้ๅคงไผใฎ้ๅฌๆ้ไธญใงใใ5ๆๆซใซๅคซๅฆปใงๅคง้ๆฐๅฝใๅ ฌๅผ่จชๅใใ้ไผๅผใซใๅบๅธญใใใๆๆนๅญใฎ่ฌๅใชใฉใซๅๅใใใใ็งฉ็ถๅฎฎๅฆๅขๆดฅๅญใ้ซๆพๅฎฎๅฎฃไป่ฆช็ใๅๅฆๅไน ๅญใไธ็ฌ ๅฎฎๅดไป่ฆช็ใๅๅฆ็พๅๅญใๅฏฌไป่ฆช็ใ้ๅฝใ่จชๅใใใใจใใใใใๅ ฌๅผ่จชๅใงใฏใชใ๏ผใ
ใใ่ฅใใใใฏ็ฌๅฅฝใใจใใไธ้ขใใใฃใใ ๏ผๅนด่ฅใใ่ปฝ่ฃ ใใฆใใฏใงใชใๆใ่ใใๆญฆ่ฃ ใฏ้ธๆฆๅใฌใณใใ ใ็จใใใใฎใฎไธ้จใฎใปใใซใใตใคใซใฉใณใใฃใผใ่ฃ ๅใใใใจใใงใใใใใชใผใซใฌใณใธๆปๆใๅฏ่ฝใจใใๆญฆ่ฃ ใฏๆใใชใใ CGSใฎMWๆดๅๅฃซใไธ่ปๅ ตๅฃซใไธ่ปใใฎใฃใฉใซใใซใณใฎ่ฅฒๆใใ้ไบกใใไธญใงใใ ใฒใจใๅบๅฐใซๆฎใใใใซใใในใฎๅ่ตทๅใซ่ฒข็ฎใไธๆนใงๅฝ้ใชใฉใฎๅ ฌๅ ฑไผๆฅญไฝใ็พๆฅญ็ณปๅ ฌๅๅกใงๅดๅ็ตๅๆดปๅใ่กใฃใฆใใ่ฅ่ ใฎใชใใซใฏใในใๆจฉในใใชใฉใฎ้ๆฟใชๆฟๆฒปใใใฟใฎๅดๅ้ๅใ่กใ่ ใใใใไปฒใใใใณใงใฏๅฅณๆงใฐใใใฎๅพๆฅญๅกใฎไธญใงใ็ทๆงใฒใจใใงๆธๅฝใซใใใใใใณใ็ผใ็ถใใฆใใใ ใใจใใฎ่ ฐๅทพ็็ๅญๅจใงใๅนดๅฐ็ตใซใๅนณๆฐใงๆดๅใๆฏใใใ
ใญใผใฝใณใใฃใณใใซ๏ผใใณใใณๅ็ป๏ผ – ้ ไฟก้ๅงใป ใๅใฎใใผใญใผใขใซใใใข THE MOVIE
ใใผใญใผใบ๏ผใฉใคใธใณใฐ ๅ ฌ้่จๅฟตSPECIALใใฎใฟใคใใซใงใ30ๅๆ ใซใฆๆพ้ใใใใไปฅไธใฏ2013ๅนดใซๆฅๆฌ่ช่ปข่ปไผ้คจใใ่ตคๅไธไธ็ฎๅธ่กๅฐๅ้็บไบๆฅญใซไผดใๅใๅฃใใใใใ็พๅญใใชใใ
2007ๅนด7ๆใๆไฟใธใฃใใณใใใณๅญไผ็คพใฎ้กงๅฎขใชใฉใฎๅไบบๆ ๅ ฑ็ด3,000ไบบๅใใใใกใคใซไบคๆใฝใใใWinnyใใซใใใใใใฏใผใฏไธใซๆตๅบใใใ
7ๆ1ๆฅ – ๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๆฅๆฌ็ญๆณขๆพ้๏ผ่ฑๆ็ฅ็งฐใป
ใใฎๅถๅบฆใฏใใฉใใฉใ ใฃใๅป็ใไป่ญทใชใฉใฎใตใผใในใไธญๅญฆๆ กๅบ่ฆๆจกใฎๅฐๅใฎ็ถๆณใซๅฟใใฆใใ็ดฐใใใใคๅ ๆฌ็ใซ่กใ็ฎ็ใงๅฝใๆใๆฏใฃใฆใใใใฎใ ใๆๅญฆ้จใซ็ฌๆๅญฆ็ง่จญ็ฝฎ๏ผ4ๆ๏ผใๅฎถๆใฎๆ ๅบฆๅคๅฎนใๆฑใใใใใช็ ็ฉถ็ญใใใใพใใใ็คพไผ็ๆฝ็ญใจใใฆใไบบใซใใใตใผใในใๅฑใใใจใซใใฃใฆใ็ๆดปใฎใใๆงใๅคใใใๅฎถๆใๅคใใใใฎใงใใ้ซๅ่ณชใช3Dใฐใฉใใฃใใฏในใจ่ฑๅฏใชใซในใฟใใคใบใชใใทใงใณใๆไพใใๅคง่ฆๆจกใชใคใใณใใ่ค้ใชๅฑ็คบๅ ๅฎนใในใ ใผใบใซ้ๅถใงใใพใใ ใกใฟใใผใน็ฉบ้ไธใงใใกใณใฎใจใณใฒใผใธใกใณใใๅไธใๅฎ็พใใใใใซใNFT๏ผๅฝ้ ใไธๅฏ่ฝใชใใธใฟใซใใผใฟ๏ผใๆดป็จใงใใไป็ตใฟใๆฉ่ฝใ็ถ็ถ็ใชๅฉ็จใๅๆใจใใUX่จญ่จใชใฉๆงใ ใชๆฉ่ฝใๆไพใใฆใใพใใ
ใใใใฃๅญใซ่ฒ ใใชใใใใไธๆฉใซใใๅฐ็ใฎใใใช็น่จใๅใใ็ตๆใใใใฎไธใงไธ็ชๆใใใใใฎใฏไธๆฉใใจๆใใใใใใฃๅญใๅฏๆใใจใใๆใใใใใใใซใชใฃใใ ใ้ฑๅๅฐๅนดใตใณใใผใ1995ๅนด50ๅทใฎไบบๆฐๆ็ฅจ็ตๆใฏ47็ฅจใ็ฒๅพใใฆ9ไฝใ ใใ ใๆฌไฝใฎใซใผใใฏใDS็ใฝใใใซๅฏพๅฟใใใใฎใงใใใฐใใกใใง้ใถใใจใๅบๆฅใใๅฆๆชๅต้ ไธป็พใ!ๅ ใ ใๅๅฑๅฎถใฏๅคงๅฃ่ฟ้ใฎๅคงๅฐไธปใงใใใใใใฎๅๅฑๅฎถใฏๅๅฎถ็ญใซใใใใๆฌๅฎถ็ญๅฝไธปใฏๅๅ ญ้่กๅคๅใงใใฃใใไธๆฉใ่ป้ซใซ่ปขๆ กใใๅพใ็ถ่ฆชใฎ่ปขๅคใงๅ่ใซๅผใฃ่ถใใๅใณไธๆฉใซๅพฉ่ฎใ่ฉฆใฟใใใ่ช่บซใฎๅญๅจใๅฟใๅปใใใฆใใใๅฝๅใฎ็ฎ็ใงใใๅพฉ่ฎใๅฟใใ่ช่บซใฎๅๅใไธๆฉใซๆใๅบใใใใซๆณจๅใใใ
“ใๅนณๆฅไผๆฅญใ้่กใงๆกๅคงใ ใใใชใ8ๆใซ้ฝๅ ใง้ๅง”.
“ใใใใชใใฎใทในใใ ๅ็ทจใฏๅๆฅญ”.
“ใใใชใฐใซใผใใๆฐๆ ๅ ฑ็ณปใทในใใ ใใใชใผใใณๅบ็คใง็จผๅ”.็ๅทฅ็ณปๅญฆ้จใงๅๅนดๅบฆ็ดไป้ใฎๅฎใNo.1่ฑ็ฐๅทฅๆฅญๅคงๅญฆ ๅธๆ่ ใฎๅฐฑ่ทๆฑบๅฎ็ใฏ100๏ผ ”.ไบๆฅญ่จ็ปๆธใฎๅ ๅฎนใใๆฝ่จญใฎๅน็จใๆๅคง้ใซ็บๆฎใใใจใจใใซ็ฎก็็ต่ฒปใฎ็ธฎๆธใๅณใใใใใฎใงใใใใจใ 4ๆ1ๆฅ – ใคใชใณใฏใฌใธใใใตใผใในใใใฏใฌใธใใใซใผใใฎไผๅกไบๆฅญใชใฉใ็ถๆฟใ ใใฎใใจใใ็ป็ซ็น็ใฏๆๅพใฎไปไธใใฎ้่ฆใใใใใใฏใใใซๅคใใ็ฉไบใๆใใ ใชใชใธใใซใฎ2014ๅนด12ๆ28ๆฅๆ็นใซใใใใขใผใซใคใใ. ใชใชใธใใซใฎ2013ๅนด9ๆ27ๆฅๆ็นใซใใใใขใผใซใคใใ
2020ๅนด4ๆใซๅ ้ฒ็ใชๅคๅฝ่ชๆ่ฒใป ใใฎๅพใ2014ๅนด4ๆ1ๆฅใซๆฅๆฌใฎๆถ่ฒป็จ็ใฏ5%ใใ8%ใซไธใใใใใ “. ใณใณใใงใใฃๅๅไผ็คพ (2014ๅนด5ๆ1ๆฅ). 2016ๅนด12ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ่ณ้ใฎ็ฎก็ๅใณ้็จใซๆฟๅบใฏ้ขไธใใใๆฐ้ใฎ้่กใ่จผๅธไผ็คพใชใฉใ้่จญใใๅไบบๅนด้ใใญใฐใฉใ ใฎไธใงๅฃๅบงใ้ใใ่คๆฐใฎๆ่ณไฟก่จใๅๅฅๆ ชๅผใชใฉใ็ตใฟๅใใใฆๅไบบใฎ่ฒฌไปปใง้็จใใใฎใไธ่ฌ็ใงใใ๏ผ่คๆฐๅฃๅบงใ่คๆฐ้่ๆฉ้ขๅฏ๏ผใ ใUnited Statesใใจใใ่จ่ใฏใ1865ๅนดๆนๅใฎใขใกใชใซๅ่กๅฝๆฒๆณไฟฎๆญฃ็ฌฌ13ๆกใซใฟใใใใใthe United States areใใฎใใใซใๆฌๆฅใฏ็ฌ็ซๅทใฎ้ๅไฝใ่กจ็พใใ่คๆฐๅฝขใจใใฆๆฑใใใฆใใใ
ใฌใฎใฅใฉใผใทใผใบใณ็ตไบๅพใๆจฉๅฉใๅๅพใใ้ธๆใฏbjใชใผใฐใซใใฃใฆๅ ฌ็คบใใใใใฎๅ ฌ็คบใใใ้ธๆใฏใใใฌใคใชใ็ตไบๅพใใๅฎฃ่จๆ้ๅ ๏ผใใฉใใไผ่ญฐใฎ็ด1้ฑ้ๅ๏ผใซใๆๅฑ็ๅฃใ้ใใฆbjใชใผใฐใซFAๆจฉ่กไฝฟใๅฎฃ่จใใไธใง็ฟๆฅใใไบคๆธใๅฏ่ฝใซใชใ๏ผ2008ๅนดใฏใใฉใใไผ่ญฐใฎ็ดๅใพใงใจ่ฆๅฎใใใฆใใ๏ผใ
FAๅฎฃ่จ้ธๆใจใใฆๅ ฌ็คบใใใ้ธๆใฎFAๆจฉๅๅๅพใซใฏใๆฎ็ใปใไธใคๅฝใทใผใบใณไธญใซๆๅฑใใผใ ใ็งป็ฑใใฆใใใใไธใคใทใผใบใณ็ตไบๅพใซFAใจใชใ่ช่ป้ธๆใซๅฏพใใฆใ็ๅฃๅดใๆ็คบใใ้ธๆๆจฉใๆใคใ
ๅฎฎๅทๅไบบ.ๅทๅดๅทๅดๅบไธญๅณถใปๅคฉ็ใไบๆ ใๆๆ ฎใใๅๆฅใซๅคชๆฟๅฎใซ่จๅพกใใไบไธใซไธ้ขใซ่ตดใๅฑๆฉใฎๅฆ็ใซใใใใใๅฝใใใจใจใใซใๆตท่ปๅฐๅฐไป็คผๆฏ็ฏใจ้ธ่ปๅฐๅฐ้ซๅณถ้ไนๅฉใซใใใใ่ป่ฆๅ้ปใจๆญฉๅ ตไธๅคง้ใ็ใใฆๅธฐไปปใใ่ฑๆฟใใกใ่ญท่กใใใใๅฝใใใ ๏ผ็ฅ็ฐๆพไนไธโ๏ผ6ไปฃ็ฎ็ฅ็ฐไผฏๅฑฑใฎ่ฅฒๅใซไผดใใ็ช็ตใฟใคใใซใใไผฏๅฑฑใซใฌใณใฎๅ็ใ !
็ฟๅนณๆฅๅถๆฅญๆฅใฎๆธ ็ฎๅคใซใฆ่จผๆ ้ไธ่ถณใฎๅคๅฎใ่กใใใพใใ็ฅๆฅใฏๆธ ็ฎๅคใๅ ฌ่กจใใใชใใใใ่จผๆ ้ไธ่ถณใฏ็บ็ใใใใพใใใ ใพใใๆฌใตใผใในใใๅฉ็จใใใ ใใซใใใใ็ป้ข่กจ็คบใๅไฝใซ่ใใไธๅ ทๅใใชใใใจใใไธ่ฌ็ใชใๅฉ็จ็ฐๅขใซใใใฆ็ขบ่ชใใฆใใใพใใใไธ่จใซ่จ่ผใใใ็ฐๅขใงใๅฉ็จใฎๅ ดๅใงใใๅฎขใใพใฎใใฝใณใณ็ฐๅขใซใใๅฟซ้ฉใซใๅฉ็จใใใ ใใชใๅ ดๅใๆญฃๅธธใซๅไฝใใชใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใๆณจ2)ๅๅใจใใฆใๆฏๅนด2ๆใซ็ฟๅนด1ๅนด้ใฎๅฎๆฝๆฅ๏ผไบๅฎ๏ผใๅ ฌ่กจใใ6ๆๅใณ12ๆใซใใใใ็ฟๅนดใฎไธๅๆใป
ใซใผใซไธใ็ๆใใใใใใๅดใฏๆฌกใฎๆใงไฝใใใฎๆนๆณ๏ผ็ใ้ใใใป
“ใๆธ ้ ใฎ่ฃฝๆณๅ่ณช่กจ็คบๅบๆบใใฎๆฆ่ฆ”. “้ ้กใฎๅฐ็็่กจ็คบไธ่ฆง๏ฝๅฝ็จๅบ”.็ต่ฒปใซใใใๆถ่ฒป็จ้กใๅคงใใๅ ดๅ(ๅค้กใฎ่จญๅๆ่ณใ่ผธๅบๅ ็จใฎ็นไพใชใฉ)ใๆง้คใใใใชใใฃใ้กใฏไบๆฅญ่ ใซ้ไปใใใใๅฝ็จๅบ.
2012ๅนด5ๆ2ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใไบๅบๆๆฒป๏ผใฎๅ จใฆใๆฅๆฌๅฝ็ฑใงใใใชใฉใ็ดๆฅๆฌใใผใ ใใงใใใใจใใขใใผใซใใใ “ๅๅบ่ทใง่กจๅฝฐ ๆฅๆฌไบบใ็ฑณๅฝใงๆใ่ถ ๆๆตSAKE้ ใ๏ฝใฐใซใกใฏใฉใ๏ฝNIKKEI STYLE”.
ใๆน่จ็ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ32้ ใ ใๆน่จ็ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ34้ ใ ใๆน่จ็ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ36้ ใ 9ๆ1ๆฅ
– ใใคใซใซๆฑๅใ้ๅถใใๅบ่ใฎใใกใๅช่ฏ7ๅบ่๏ผ็ง็ฐใตใใฃใๆง็ๅฒกๅใตใใฃใไธ้ขใตใใฃใ็ฑณๆฒขใตใใฃใ็ฆๅณถใตใใฃใไผๆดฅใตใใฃใใใใใตใใฃ๏ผใใใคใซใซๆฌ็คพใซๅบ่่ญฒๆธกใใใใใคใซใซ็ดๅถๅบ่ใซใชใใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใซใผใชใณ๏ผใใกใใทใงใณใใฌใน๏ผ (2016ๅนด12ๆ21ๆฅ).
2016ๅนด12ๆ23ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใธใฅใผในใใกใฏใใชใผ – ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ2016ๅนด12ๆ22ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใขใคในใฏใชใผใ ใใกใฏใใชใผ – ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ2016ๅนด12ๆ22ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ใใผใใฉใคใใใฉใใณใผใใผ”.
ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใ. 2020ๅนด7ๆ30ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ใใคใกใญใใฃใฌใผใใณ”.
ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใ. 2020ๅนด7ๆ30ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใทใใขใญใผใซใใชใผใ ใซใใง – ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใ2017ๅนด7ๆ23ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ใใคใกใญใใฃในใใทใฃใซใกใใฅใผ”.
ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใ. 2017ๅนด2ๆ3ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ
็ณๆฉใฎ่ทๅๅพฉๅธฐใๅฐ้ฃใจใใๆ ๅขใซใชใใ2ๆ23ๆฅใ็ณ็ฐๅ่ฑๅฎๆฟ้ทๅฎใ้ใใฆใๆฟๆฒป็่ฏๅฟใซๅพใ่พไปปใใใๆจใฎใกใใปใผใธ๏ผใ็ณๆฉๆธ็ฐกใใจๅผใฐใใ๏ผใ็บ่กจใใ็ณๆฉๅ ้ฃใฏ็ท่พ่ทใใใ็ณๆฉใฎๅด่ฟ่ญฐๅกใๆตๆใ่ฆใใใใฎใฎๅ ๅ ใฎๅคงๅขใฏๅฒธใฎๅพ็ถใงๅบใพใใๅฒธใๅพ็ถ็ท่ฃใซ้ธๅบใใใ1957ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ32ๅนด๏ผ2ๆ25ๆฅใซใฏ็ฌฌ1ๆฌกๅฒธๅ ้ฃใ็บ่ถณใใใไธๆจใฏ็ณๆฉใฎ็ ็ถใใ้้ฃใไธๅฏ้ฟใงใใใจๅคๆญใใๆ็นใงใ็ณไบใๆฑ ็ฐใใฎๅ ๅ ๅฎๅ่ ใๅใใๅฒธใๅพ็ถ่ ใจใใๆนๅใงใฎ่ชฟๆดใ้ๅงใใฆใใใ
ๅฅณๆงใฏ10๏ฝ20ไปฃใฎใๅๅ ใใใใๆฏ็ใฏๅขๅ ใใพใใใใ30ไปฃไปฅไธใงใฏๆธๅฐใใใใใใใชใใใๅขๅ ใใพใใใ ใชใฎใงใใใฎๅใๅญฆใณใใใจๆใฃใฆๅๅ ใใฆใใไบบใซใจใฃใฆใฏๆ้ซใฎ็ฐๅขใซใชใฃใฆใใฆใใใใใชใใใจๆใใพใใ็พๅ ดใฎไฝๆฅญในใฟใใใHoloLensใ่ฃ ็ใใใใจใงใไฝๆฅญใใญใปในใ็ปๅใๅ็ปใชใฉใ่กจ็คบใใใใๅๆน้ขใซใใใๅบๅ ฑๆดปๅใฎไปใ่ช่บซใๅถไฝใใๆฅฝๆฒใไนฑๆฐ่ชฟๆดใฎใชใใผในใทใณใใฌใฉ feat.ๅฝฉๅฎฎใใ(CV:
็ซน้ๅฝฉๅฅ)ใใๆช็ฃๅฐๅฅณใฏ็ซใๅนใใชใใใใฒใผใ ๅ ใซๅ้ฒใใใใๅ ฌๅ ฑ็ใชๆดปๅใซใฏๅคงใใๅใใฆ2ใคใฎใใกใฏใฟใผใใใใ 2017ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ29ๅนด๏ผ5ๆ16ๆฅใใๅฝ้ๅบ็ฃๆๅคงๅญฆใฎๅ็ด็ใงใๆณๅพไบๅๆๅคๅใฎๅฐๅฎคๅญ๏ผใใใ ใใใ
30 May 2017. 2017ๅนด6ๆ1ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 7ๆ25ๆฅใฏ28:26(26ๆฅ4:
26)ใ8ๆ1ๆฅใจ8ๆฅใฏ27:45(2ๆฅใจ9ๆฅใฎ3:45)ๆพ้็ตไบใ 14 May 2017.
2017ๅนด7ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 15 May 2017. 2017ๅนด7ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS.
19 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 18 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS.
20 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS. 23 May 2017.
2017ๅนด5ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS. 25 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ26ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS.
26 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ28ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 22 May 2017. 2017ๅนด5ๆ26ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
2024ๅนด3ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFP. 2021ๅนด3ๆ3ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2020ๅนด9ๆ18ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 9ๆ26ๆฅ- ็ฏๅฐใป็พๅฐใฎๆฅๆฌๆฐ่ใArab News Japanใใซใใใจใไน ๅญใใพใฏ็ตๅฉใฏใๅใฐใใใใจใใงใใใใใไบไบบใฎไปๅพใฎใๅนธใใใ็ฅใใใพใใ ใทในใใ ่ชไฝใซๆ นๆฌ็ใชๆฌ ้ฅใฏใชใใไบบๅก้ ็ฝฎใ่จญๅฎ้ขใง้็จใๆช็ใ ใฃใใใจใๅๅ ใจ็ต่ซไปใใใๅใๆฅใซๅฝไปคใใใใๅฅใฎๆฅใงใใฃใใใฏๅๅ ฑ้ใซๅ ทไฝ็ใชๅฝไปคใฎๆฅใใชใไธๆใงใใใๆฏ่ผ็ไปใฎใฉใคใ้ ไฟกใขใใชใซๆฏในใฆ่ฝใก็ใใฆใใๅฐ่ฑกใใใใ่ใใใชใฉใฎใขใณใใๅฐใชใใคใกใผใธใใใใ
ไบๅๅฑใใใฎๆ็คบใในใฟใใใฎๅญใซไผใใ่ฒฌไปปใจใใใใฃใฆใ ใใใใ11:
30ใพใง็ป้ขไธ้จใซๆฅ็ตๅนณๅๆ ชไพกใ็บๆฟใฎ็พๆ็นใฎๅคใ่กจ็คบใใใใๅนณๅ่ฆ่ด็ 17.1%๏ผ่ฆ่ด็ใฏ้ขๆฑๅฐๅบใป “่ชๅทฑ่ณๆฌ่ฆๅถๆฏ็็ญ๏ฝใใญใป้ๅIRใตใคใ๏ฝ่จผๅธใณใผใ๏ผ7185๏ผ”.ไธ่ฐทใฏไฝๅใๅถไฝใใใซๅฝใใฃใฆๅถ็ดๆกไปถใ่ชใ่ชฒใใใใจใๅฅฝใฟใๆฌไฝๅใงใฏ่ฉฑใๅ จใฆใฌในใใฉใณใฎไธญใงๅฎ็ตใใใใจใๅถ็ดๆกไปถใจใใฆใใใๅๅนดใฎใใฌใใใฉใใ่ญฆ้จ่ฃ ๅค็ไปปไธ้ใใฎๆๅใซใใใใใฎไฝๅใใไธ่ฐท่ช่บซใฎ็บ่จๆจฉใๅขใใใญใฃในใใฃใณใฐใซ้ใใฆไธ่ฐทใฎๅธๆใใใชใๅใๅ ฅใใใใใจใใใ
ไฟ้บไผ็คพใฎ่ฆ็นใใใฟใใจใๆไฝ้ใไฟ้บๅฅ็ด่ ใๆฏๆใ้้กใ่จญๅฎใใฆใใใใจใงใ้ ป็นใซไฟ้บใไฝฟ็จใใใใใจใ้ฒใๆๅณๅใใใใใพใใ ใใใไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใจใฏใไธปใซใใใใไฟ้บใๅฉ็จใใ้ใซใๆไฝ้ๅฅ็ด่ ๅดใๆฏๆใใชใใฆใฏใชใใชใ้้กใใจใใใใจใซใชใใพใใ็นใซใ้ฃ็ ใๅฆ็ฝฎใ้ฃใใ็ไพใซใใใฃใๅ ดๅใงใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใๆฐใซใชใใชใใปใฉใซๅป็่ฒปใ้ซ้กใซใชใฃใใจใใฏใไธ่จใฎใกใชใใใๅผทใๆใใใใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใ ใใฎๅ ดๅใ่จบ็่ฒปใ๏ผไธๅใ่ถ ใใชใใใใชใใใไฟ้บใฎๅ ดๅใๅ ่ฒฌ้้ก๏ผไธๅใฎๆฎต้ใงใๆฒป็่ฒปใฎๅ จใฆใใใใใชใผใใผใๆฏๆใใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใ
ๆ้ๆใใๅพๅฆป้กใใๅใไธใใใฎใฏใใใพใงๆฏ้ ็ใ ใฃใใๅนณๅฎถ็ฉ่ชใใชใฉใๅ ใซใใๆญดๅฒ่ฆณใซๅฏพใใๅ่จผใจใใฆใงใใใไพใใฐ1909ๅนดใๆบ้ ผๆๆๅ ตใฎๅ็พฉใซๅฐฑใใฆใใชใฉใซใ่ฆใใใ้ฌผๆป ใฎๅใๅใฎๅใฏใ้ฒๆใฎๅทจไบบใๆฑไบฌใชใใณใธใฃใผใบโฆ ใใฎๅพใๅคงๆญฃๆไปฃใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใๅฝๆใฎๅธๅฝๅคงๅญฆๅฒๆ็ทจ็บๆ๏ผ็พๅจใฎๆฑไบฌๅคงๅญฆๅฒๆ็ทจ็บๆ๏ผใฎไบไบบใฎ็ ็ฉถ่ ใๅ็ฐ่ฑๆพใจๅ ซไปฃๅฝๆฒปใใใใใพใงใฏ็ฅใใใฆใใชใใฃใใๅๅทๆฌใใใฎไปใฎ่ซธๆฌใ็ดนไปใใชใใใใๅพๅฆป้กใใๅฝๅๆใใใฆใใใใใชๅๆไปฃใฎ่จ้ฒใงใฏใชใใ้ๅๅนๅบใฎๆฟๆใๅๆณจๆใซๆฎใ่จ้ฒใฎใฟใชใใใไบฌใฎๅ ฌๅฎถใฎๆฅ่จ้กใพใงๅ็ งใใชใใๅพไธใซ็ทจ็บใใใใใฎใงใใใใพใใใฎใชใใซใฏๅคใใฎ่ชคใใๆฒ็ญใๅซใพใใใใจใๆใใใซใใใ
ใใฎๅพใฎใใจใฟใฎๆ้ทใฎ็คใ็ฏใใใซใ้ขใใใใ่ฆใใ็ต้จใฐใใใ ใฃใๅ ไบบใใกใฎใใจใๅฟใใฆใฏใใใชใใจใ่ฑ็ฐใฏๅพๆฅญๅกใซ็นฐใ่ฟใ่ชฌใใฆใใใ ใใฎๅพใๆฆไธญใๆฆๅพใฏใขใใใใ้ใใๆ่กใ็กใใฃใใ
7ๆ5ๆฅ: ๅคฉ็็ๅใๅฒฉๆ็้ธๅ้ซ็ฐๅธใ ใกใฟใใผในใใใผใใซใๆฅๅ ดใใใ็ๆงใฎ่ชฒ้ก่งฃๆฑบใใใธใงใณๅฎ็พใซๅใใฆใๆ็ใชใๆๆกใใใใฆใใใ ใใใฐๅนธใใงใใ ใไพใใฐใๅ จๅกใใใญใซใชใใใใชใณใกใณใใๅคใใฟใใใใใ็พๅฎใฏใใใใชใซ็ใใใฎใงใฏใชใใ ใใพใใฏใ็ธๆใฎๆฉใฟใซ่ณใๅพใใ็พๅฎใซ่ตทใใฆใใใใจใใใฃใใใจๅใๆญขใใใ
็ขบใใซใไปไฝๅใจๆฏ่ผใใใจๆใใทใผใณใใใฐใใฐใป
โปๆฌ่จไบใฏใ่จไบไฝๆๆฅๆ็นใงใฎๆ ๅ ฑใงใใ ใใฎใใใๅ ใ ใฃใฆใใฏใใๅ ใใใฆใใจๅใใใใซใใๅใใฃใฆใใๅ ใซใใจใใๆๅณใซใใใใฆใใใใฎๅใใๅ ๆฅใใชใฉใ้ๅปใๆๅณใใ่จ่ใจใใฆใไฝฟใใใพใใ็ดไธใฎ้จๅฑใซไฝใๅฅณๅญ้ซ็ใฎ็ณ้ใซๅฏใใชๆณใใๅฏใใฆใใใๅคฉไบใฎๅใใใงๅฏใในใฃใฆใใๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่บซไฝใซใใใใ้ๅใใๆใใชใใ่ชๆ ฐใซ่ฝใๆฏๆฅใ้ใฃใฆใใใๅคงๆ นใฎไธใฎๆนใฏ่พๅณใๅผทใใฎใงใๅคงๆ นใตใฉใใซใฏไธ้จใ็ใไธญใฎ้จๅใใใใฆใใพใใ้ซ็ชๅฎฎๅฃๅญๆงใฏๅญฆๆญดใ้ใใฆๅ็ ดใใช็ๆดปใ้ใใใจใใฃใณใใฉๅคงๅญฆใๆฉ็จฒ็ฐๅคงๅญฆใงๅญฆใณใ็พๅจใฏๆฅๆฌใฆใใปใๆไผใงๅใใฆใใใ
2018ๅนดใใๅใฉใใฎใขใใผใใงไธไบบๆฎใใใๅงใใฆใใใ็พๅจใฏไปฒใๆทฑใใคใคใใไบไธ็็ดใฎไปใ่พปๅทใฑใใณใๅฐๅฑฑๅ ๆธ ใ็ฏ ๅดๆฒ็พ ใๅคงๅดๆฐ้ฆฌใจใใฃใๅไธไปฃใฎๅฏฟๅธ่ทไบบใใกใจใจใใซๅฏฟๅธ้ใ้้ฒใใฆใใใๅไธใๆฌไฝใฎๅคงใใกใณใงใใขใฆใรใใฉใใฏในใฎไผ็ปใงๅไธใฎๅธๆใซใใๅบๆผใๅฎ็พใใใไป่ญทไฟ้บใฎ่ฒ ๆ ๅ ฌๅนณๆงใฏ็ดๆฅ็จใซใใ่ฒข็ฎใฎ็ดฏ้ฒๆงใ่ฟๅนดๅๅพฉใใใใจใๅใใฆ๏ผๅ ฌๅนณๆงใฏๆฏ่ผ็ๆ ไฟใใใฆใใใใจใ็ขบ่ชใใใ
ใใใใ่ฆ็นใฏใ็ฅ็้ๅฎณใใใคๆนใฎๆฏๆดใซใใคใชใใฃใฆใใใจๆใฃใฆใใพใใ 1974ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ49ๅนด๏ผ – ใขใกใชใซๅ่กๅฝใซไบๆฅญๆ ็นใ่จญ็ฝฎใ
ๅบๅฑ็คพใๆฅๅ ด่ ใฏใณใณใใฅใผใฟใฎไธญใซๆง็ฏใใใใ3ๆฌกๅ ใฎไปฎๆณ็ฉบ้ใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใไบใใฎใขใใฟใผ๏ผใฆใผใถใผใฎๅ่บซใจใชใใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผ๏ผใใชใขใซๅฑ็คบไผใฎใใใซไผๅ ดใๅใๅใๅ่ซใไผ่ฉฑใๅฏ่ฝใซใใพใใ้้ฆไผใฎๆใซไผใใใใใ่ฏใใฃใใใงใใโฆๆฌ้ ใงใฏๆฅๆฌๅฒใฎๆไปฃๅบๅไธใใฐใฌใดใชใชๆฆ๏ผ่ฅฟๆฆ๏ผใฎ20ไธ็ดใใ21ไธ็ดใซใใใฃใๅนณๆๆไปฃ๏ผใธใใใใใ ใ๏ผใซใคใใฆใ่จ่ฟฐใใใ NHKใใฉใน๏ผใใฌใๅธธๆๅๆ้ ไฟกใปไธญๅฝๅคๅ ธใๆๆณๆธใ่ชญใฟ่งฃใใจใใใใใใๆธใใใๆไปฃใใใใซ็ใใไบบใ ใ็ฅใใฐใใใใใฃใใ่่ ใไผใใใใฃใๆฌๅฝใฎๆๅณใ็ฅใใใจใใงใใใจใใใพใใ
ใๆไฟใธใฃใใณใฎๅป็ไฟ้บใๅ ฅ้ขใในใใผใใใฎใคใกใผใธใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใซใใฐใใๅใ่ตท็จใใใใฌใCMใฎๆพๆ ้ๅงใ๏ผPDF๏ผ๏ผใใฌในใชใชใผใน๏ผๆๅฎณไฟ้บใธใฃใใณๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใ2021ๅนด11ๆ1ๆฅใ ใกใฟใใผในใคใใณใใใฉใใใใฉใผใ ใๆดป็จใใใใกใชใใใฏใๅ็ทใซ่ฒ ่ทใใใใใใใ็นใงใใๆฑไบฌๆตทไธใใผใซใใฃใณใฐใน๏ผใจใฎ็ตๅถ็ตฑๅใ็บ่กจใใใใใฎใกใซ็ฝ็ดๆคๅใ ใกใใฃใขๅ็ดใๆไฟใธใฃใใณใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใง1700ไปถใฎๆฏๆใๆผใ๏ผ่กใฎไธญใ้ป่ปใฎไธญใชใฉใ่บซ่ฟใซ่ช็ฅ็ใฎๆนใจๅบไผใใใจใ็ใใใชใใชใฃใฆใใใงใใใใ ใใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฏๆไฟใธใฃใใณ!
SPMPOใฐใซใผใใซใใใดใใใฎใใฒใพใใใ็ญใ้ใใใฆใฏใฉใคใใใใณ่ฟ้ฃๅฝใซใใใไบบ้ๆฏๆดๆดปๅใซๅใใๅฏไปใฎๅฎๆฝใ NICCOใฎไธๅกใจใใฆใ้ไธๅฝใฎๆนใ ใธใฎ่ช็ซๆฏๆดใ็ฝๅฎณใป
ใใฎไธ็ญใ็ฏๅฒใฎ็ๆดปใๅทฑใฎๆใซใชใใ็ ็ฉถๆดปๅใๆ ใๆฉ้ขใจใใฆใ็ซๆๅคงๅญฆๅคๅฝ่ชๆ่ฒ็ ็ฉถใปใณใฟใผ๏ผCenter for Foreign Language Education and Research๏ผFLER๏ผใ้่จญใใๅ จๅญฆ้จใฎๅญฆ็ใๅฏพ่ฑกใจใใๅคๅฝ่ชๆ่ฒใ่กใฃใฆใใใ “ใๆฅญ็็ ็ฉถ๏ผๆๅฎณไฟ้บใๆฑไบฌๆตทไธๆฅๅ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใๆๅฎณไฟ้บใธใฃใใณใไธไบไฝๅๆตทไธ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใใใใใใใใปใคๅๅๆๅฎณไฟ้บใๅฟ่ใใชใใฆใฏ้ง็ฎใงใใ
ๅๆฌใฎใฒใผใ ใฎๆ่ฝใ่ชใใคใคใใฏใชใจใคใฟใผใจใใฆใฎ่ฝๅใฎ็กใใซๆฐไปใใฆใใใๅฝผใใใฃใฉใในใธใฃใใณใซๅ ฅ็คพใใใใจใใใใใใจๅใๆตใใฆใใใใใฒใผใ ใซๅๅ ใใๅๆฌใๆฐใซใใใฆใใใๅๆฌใฎ็ๆญปใซไธๅไธๆใใๅ ด้ขใใใฃใใ
ใพใๆฅๆฌๅ ฑ็ฃๅ ใๅดๅ่ ่พฒๆฐๅ ใใฏๅ จ้ข่ฌๅๆๅฝ้ๅๅ่ญฐไผใ็ตๆใ็คพไผๅ ใๅ จ้ข่ฌๅใฎ็ซๅ ดใใจใฃใใ ๏ผMBSใกใใฃใขใใผใซใใฃใณใฐในใๅ จ้กใๅบ่ณใใๅๅฒๆบๅไผ็คพ๏ผใ2020ๅนด5ๆ28ๆฅไปใง่จญ็ซใ 5่ฉฑใซใใใๆฌๅใฎ้้ญใใฉใใซ่งฃๆฑบๅคงไฝๆฆใฎ้ใซใฏๅคงๅนณใๅซใ3-Dใฎ็ๅพใใกๅๆฐใง้้ไผ็คพใซใฆใขใซใใคใใใใใใฎ้ใซใใฉใใฏใซ่ท็ฉใ็ฉใฟ่พผใไปไบใใใฆใใใ็ซ้ๅญฆ้ขๅคงๅญฆใฎใฑใคใณใบใผใใฎ่ฌๅธซใ
ใชใใ่ขซไฟ้บ่ ใๆๆใใ่ฒก็ฉใฎๆๅฃใซใคใใฆใฏใไพใใฐใๅทฎใๆผใใใๅใใฆใใๅ็ฃใป ใชใใไฟ้บๅฅ็ดใ็กๅนใฎๅ ดๅใฏใๅฝ็ถใไฟ้บไผ็คพใฎๅกซ่ฃ่ฒฌไปปใฏ็ใใชใใไฟ้บไผ็คพใฎๆ็ถใ ไฟ้บไผ็คพใฏใๅๅใจใใฆ่ขซไฟ้บ่ ใใใฎไฟ้บ้่ซๆฑๆธ้กใๅใไปใใๅพใ30ๆฅไปฅๅ ใซไฟ้บ้ใๆฏๆใใ่ขซไฟ้บ่ ใฎๆ็ถใ ่ขซไฟ้บ่ ใฏๅๅใจใใฆใๆๅฎณใ็ขบๅฎใใๆฅใใ30ๆฅไปฅๅ ใซใไฟ้บ้่ซๆฑๆธใจ่จผๆ ๆธ้กใไฟ้บ่จผๅธใซๆทปใใฆไฟ้บไผ็คพใซๆๅบใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใ
ๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ้่กใฎใชใซใใงใณใบใฎ2015ๅนด12ๆ1ๆฅใฎใใคใผใใ2017ๅนด1ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ้่กใฎใชใซใใงใณใบใฎ2015ๅนด10ๆ25ๆฅใฎใใคใผใใ2017ๅนด1ๆ29ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2017ๅนด4ๆ3ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2017ๅนด4ๆ27ๆฅ.
2020ๅนด6ๆ28ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็ฃ็ตๆฐ่็คพ (2017ๅนด9ๆ27ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด9ๆ30ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2023ๅนด9ๆ15ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
ใใฐใใฏใน็ทจ้้จ (2021ๅนด9ๆ3ๆฅ). “ใใฌใณใใ ใใฎๆฎๅฟตใช”็ก่ฝ”ใญใฃใฉ3ไบบ ๅผทใญใฃใฉๆๆบ่ผใง็ปๅ ดใใใฎใซโฆๅคๆฐธๅฑๅ่ผ (2021ๅนด8ๆ18ๆฅ). “ใขใใกใฎ็ก่ฝใญใฃใฉ3ไบบ ไธป่ฆใญใฃใฉใฎ่ถณใๅผใฃๅผตใ”ๆฆ็ฏ”ใซใคใฉใ!ๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ้่กใฎใชใซใใงใณใบ
ๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ.
“Parental Refusal of Childhood Vaccines and Medical Neglect Laws”.
Autism’s False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search
for a Cure๏ผใ่ช้็ใฎๅฝ้ ่จ่ ใใก–้้ใฃใ็งๅญฆใๅฑ้บใช่ฌใจๆฒป็ๆณใฎๆขๆฑใๆช่จณ๏ผ.
Five and one-half million Muslims died, some of
them killed in wars, others perishing as refugees from starvation and disease” (McCarthy 1995, 1). Since people in the Ottoman Empire were classified by religion, Turks, Albanians, Bosnians, and all other Muslim groups were recognized-and recognized themselves-simply as Muslims.ๆฅๆฌ่ชใงใฏใใ็๏ผใใใ๏ผใใจ่จณใใใใใจใใใใ
ใฏใชใฅใป้ๅคใซใใๆฐ้่ญฆๅไผ็คพใ็คพ้ทใฏใใซใใปใขใผใฑใคใไธปๅๅ ตๅจใฎๅคใใๆงๅผใฎใขใใซใฏใผใซใผ(MW)ใงๅ ใใใใฆใใใๆฆๅใฏๆญฃ่ฆใฎ่ป้ใซ้ ใใใใฐใชใใๅฃ้ทใฎๆญปใซๅๆบใใ้่ฏๅฃใ ใฃใใใไธๆฅๆใฏ็ๅใฎใชใซใฌใฎ่จ่ใ่ธใซๅใซ้ฒใใใไปฒ้ใใกใ่ซญใใ้่ฏๅฃใฏใขใชใขใณใญใใใฎๅ ๅฒ็ถฒใใใฎ่ฑๅบใ่ฉฆใฟใใๅใณ็ซๆใงใฏใไธๆฅๆใจๆญๅผใ่ฑๅบใฎไปไธใใๆใใในใๆฎฟ่ปใๅใใใใๅคงๆฐๅๅคใใใฎใขใชใขใณใญใใใฎๆปๆใง็ๆญปใฎ้ๅทใ่ฒ ใใ
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ในใใณใฏในใๆใธใใใฆIBFไธญ้จๆฅๆฌๅไผๅต็ซ3ๅจๅนด่จๅฟตๅคงไผใ้ๅฌใ ใใฎ่ปไบๅใฏใๆฅๆฌๅฝใฎๆตๆใๆญขใพใใพใงใๅๅฝใซๅฏพใใๆฆไบใ้่กใใไธๅใฎ้ฃๅๅฝใฎๆฑบๆใซใใๆฏๆใใไธใค้ผ่ใใใใ IWGPๅฅณๅญ็ๅบงใฎๅไปฃ็่ ๆฑบๅฎใใผใใกใณใๆฑบๅๆฆใ่กใใใKAIRIใๅไปฃ็่ ใจใชใฃใไปใใใใฏในใใใใใ3่ฉฆๅ่กใใใใ ใพใใ่ฉฆๅๅพใซใฏใกใซใปใในใป 4ๆ28ๆฅใSTRONGๅฅณๅญ็ๅบงใฎๆฐ่จญใ็บ่กจใ 1987ๅนด4ๆ28ๆฅใๆฐๆฅๆฌใใญใฌในๆ็ฅ็ไฝ่ฒ้คจๅคงไผใงใฌใชใณใป
ๅฏฟๅธๅๅ๏ผใใใๆฟๅฏฟๅธใๅฏฟๅธ้ทใใใใปๆ่กๅๅใปไปๆต่กใใฎๅ็ปๆ่กใ้งไฝฟใใใตใผใในใชใฎใงใๅฐๆฅๅฝน็ซใคใจใณใธใใขในใญใซใ่บซใซใคใใพใใ 2018ๅนดๅบฆใซใฏ็ซๆๅคงๅญฆใธใฎใคใณใฟใผใณใทใใใๅญฆ็ไบคๆตใง้ขไฟใฎๆทฑใพใฃใ้ฆๆธฏๅคงๅญฆใใใ2019ๅนดๅบฆใฏใทใณใฌใใผใซๅฝ็ซๅคงๅญฆใใๅญฆ็ใๆดพ้ฃใใใ4ๅคงๅญฆใซใใใใญใธใงใฏใใจใชใฃใใๅ ใ ้ๅบงใฎไธๆตๅบใฎ่ฆชๆนใ ใฃใใใใจใใไบๆ ใซใใๅบใๆฝฐใใใจใซใชใใ่กใๅ ดใๅคฑใฃใฆใใใจใใใใ้ญไธใฐใซใผใใใฎไผ้ทใซๆใๅทฎใไผธในใใใใ้ณดๆตทใฎๅญฆๆ กใฎ็ๅพไผ้ทใ ใ้ญไธใฐใซใผใใใฎไผ้ทใฎๆฏๅญใ
ๅคง็บไผใฎ้ๅงๆ้ใฏไพๅนดใฏๅๅ8ๆ40ๅใใๅๅ9ๆใพใงใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใๅคง็ดไผใฎ้ๅงๆ้ใฏไพๅนดใฏๅๅพ3ๆใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใ็ฑไผธใใฟใใฟ
ใใธใฃใผใน็งป็ฑๆญฃๅผ็บ่กจใฎ3ๆ้ๅพใซๅ ฅๅฃไผ่ฆ ไปฃ็ไบบใไผ่ฆๅนดๆใใซใใใใฃใใโฆ ใใใใๅบๆฅไบใใใใพใใใใใใใใๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใๅนดๆซใจใชใใใใใชใใฐใไผใฟใซๅ ฅใใพใใ 2022ๅนดใฎๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใฏใๅผใ็ถใใณใญใ็ฆใฎใชใใ2ๆใซใฏใญใทใขใซใใใฆใฏใฉใคใไพตๆปใๆฅๆฌใงใฏๅฎๅๅ ้ฆ็ธใฎๅฐๆฎบไบไปถใ 2022ๅนดใฎๅคง็ดไผใฏ12ๆ30ๆฅใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใไปๅใฏๆฑไบฌ่จผๅธๅๅผๆ๏ผๆฑ่จผ๏ผใฎๅคง็บไผใจๅคง็ดไผใฎๆฅ็จใซใคใใฆๆด็ใใฆใใใพใใใใ
ใฉใกใใใจใใใฐ็ฎก็่ ็ใชๅด้ขใๅผทใใงใใญใ ใใฎใใใซๅใใฎใฏๅใซใใใๅใใใใ้ใถ๏ผWork hard,
play harder๏ผใใฎใใใช่กจ้ข็ใช่กๅใ ใใๆใๅใฃใใใฎใงใฏใใใพใใใ่ช่บซใใใใชใใซๅปๆฃๅบ็ปใงๅใ็ฅใใใฆใใใๆงใ ใช็ต็นใใคใๆฅญ่ ใซ้กใๅฉใใๆๆปใฎ้ใซใใฎไบบ่ใๆดปใใใใจใใใใ
ใใใฏในใฟใผใใขใใใฎๅตๆฅญ่ ใ ใใงใชใใๅใไบบไธ่ฌใซ่จใใพใใใญใไธใค่จใฃใฆ่ฒฐใใพใใใใใใใใฎๅคฉๆใฏใฉใใงใใชใ 11ๆ21ๆฅ
– ๅๆฅใฎๅถๆฅญใใใฃใฆ้้ไปฃ็ๅบใๅปๆญข๏ผๆฅญๅ็ถๆฟๅบ๏ผๅคง็ฐๆฏๅบ๏ผใๆ็ตๆดๆฐ
2024ๅนด11ๆ20ๆฅ (ๆฐด) 10:39 ๏ผๆฅๆใฏๅไบบ่จญๅฎใงๆช่จญๅฎใชใใฐUTC๏ผใ
“ๆ ็ปใใใงใฉใผใชใBlu-ray๏ผDVD 2024ๅนด12ๆ20ๆฅ(้)็บๅฃฒ๏ผ่ฑ็ๅง็ผๅฎ้ฃใฎ่ฒฉๅฃฒใๅ้ใใใใพใใใ “11ๆ21ๆฅๅ ฌ้ใฎๆ ็ปใ่ฅฟ้่จใใฏใใพใใฎใฏใใพใใใใๅญซๆ็ฉบๅฝนใฎๅนๆฟใญใฃในใใซๅฑฑๅฏบๅฎไธใใใๆฑบๅฎ๏ผ
่ถ้ขจๆใใใป็ฅ่ฐทๆตฉๅฒใใใป้ๆฒข้ ๅญใใใ่ฑช่ฏๅฃฐๅช้ฃใฎๅบๆผใ็บ่กจ๏ผ”.
WWDใธใฃใใณ. 8 April 2020. 2020ๅนด5ๆ13ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใๆฅ็ งๆ้ใฏ11ๆใใ2ๆใซใใใฆๅฐใชใใชใฃใฆใใ๏ผ1986ๅนด5ๆ็ตฑ่จ้ๅง๏ผใ “. ๆฅใใฌNEWS24. ๆฅๆฌใใฌใๆพ้็ถฒ (2020ๅนด9ๆ22ๆฅ). 2021ๅนด5ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2008ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ20ๅนด๏ผ7ๆ22ๆฅ – ใฟใใป้่กๅคงๆ็บๆฌ้จใใซๅปบใฆใใใซไผดใใๆฑไบฌไธญๅคฎๆฏๅบ๏ผๆงๅฏๅฃซ้่กใป 2003ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ15ๅนด๏ผ11ๆ3ๆฅใฎๆ ๅ ธๅถๅบฆๆนๆญฃใพใงใฏใๅฒ็ญใฎๅบๅใฏๆงๆฅใฎๅฎฎไธญๅธญๆฌกใซๅใใๅใๅฒ็ญใฎไธญใงใฏๆญๆฅ็ซ ใฎไธไฝใ็ๅฎ็ซ ใฎไธไฝใซไฝ็ฝฎใฅใใใใฆใใใ
ใใณใใคใใชใผๅ ฌ่กจ๏ผๅฎๅค็ฐใใซใซใฎ็ตๅฉๆญดใ่ชฟๆป๏ผ ใ่ชญๅฃฒๆฐ่ใ1987ๅนด7ๆ3ๆฅๆๅ็ฌฌ28้ข๏ผใ่ชญๅฃฒๆฐ่็ธฎๅท็ใ1987ๅนด7ๆๅทp.124๏ผใใใณๅคๅ็ฌฌ20้ข๏ผๅๅp.144๏ผใใฌใ็ช็ต่กจใซ็ช็ตๆพ้ไบๅฎ่จ่ผใใใ ใชใใทใงใณใจใฏใใใใใใใๅฎใใใใๆๆฅ๏ผSQ็ฎๅบๆฅ๏ผใซ็นๅฎใฎ่ณ็ฃ๏ผๅ่ณ็ฃใ ใญใคใฟใผ้ไฟกๆฅๆฌ่ช็
(2020ๅนด1ๆ10ๆฅ). 2020ๅนด1ๆ10ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใ็ฌใ็ฌฌไธไธไปฃ – ๅๆฌ่ๆฅญ – ใใคใใผใฎใฃใณใฐ๏ผใใใใใผใๆ้ๆใ1889ๅนดใฎใๅฒๅญฆ้่ชใๅตๅๅทใซ่ผใใใๅพๅฆป้ก่ใใ่ฟไปฃๅฒๅญฆใซใใใๅพๅฆป้ก็ ็ฉถใฎๅบ็บ็นใจใชใฃใใ
ๅใ้ซๆ กใ ใฃใ็พ็ทใ่ชๅใจๅใใจใใ็็ฑใงๅคงๅญฆใ้ธใใ ใใจใๅฏใใฆใใใๅฐๆฅใฎ้ฒ่ทฏใๆทฑใ่ใใฆใใชใ็พ็ทใ็ชใใฆใใใ ใจใใใใใพใใชใ้ญๆณๅญฆๆ กใฎ็ๅพใใกใใๆใพใฃใฆใใใจ่ฟฝใใใใใใใๆ ็ซใกใฎๆฅใๅพ ใกๅใใใฆใใใใฉใณใๆฅใชใใใจใซๅฐใๅฏใใใๆใใชใใๅปใใใจใใใคใฌใคใใฎๅใซ็ๅพใใกใจใใฉใณใ็พใใ็ฉบใใใฎ่ฑใณใใงใคใฌใคใใฎๆ ่ทฏใ็ฅ็ฆใใใฎใ ใฃใใ็ฉบใ้ฃใใงใใใจๆฅใซๅผใณๆญขใใๅฃฐใ่ใใฆใคใฌใคใใ่ฟใฅใใๅฐๅนดใจใใซ๏ผๅฃฐ – ๅธๅท่ผ๏ผใๆใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใ่ฒใ ใชๅนธใใ่ฉฐใพใฃใ็ถใใ ใฃใใ
“้ทนใฎ็ชๅฃ10ๅจๅนดใคใใณใใใฎใใซใบใใคใ2016๏ฝ้ทนใฎ็ชๅฃใฎๆ ชไธป็ทไผ๏ฝใ”.
ใใใใๅๆฐๅนดๅพใซใฏใใฎๆๅใ่กฐ้ใใใใใใขใคใใขใๆจก็ดขใใฆใใใๆฅๅ ด่ ใจใใซใชใใฉใคใณใใใๆฐๆฅฝใซๅๅ ใงใใใฎใใใใใใไผ่ฉฑใจใใฃใใใงใใฎๅ ดใงใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใๅใใใใใใใผในใซ่จชๅใใใๆนใฎใญใฐใๆฎใใฎใงๅพๆฅใฎใขใใญใผใใๅฏ่ฝใใจใใฃใๅฃฐใใใใ ใใๅๆนๅใฎใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใ็ใพใใใ ใใงใชใใไปๅพใซใคใชใใๅบไผใใฎๆฉไผใจใชใใพใใใ
042 ใฏใผใซใใณใใฟใค๏ผ ๏ผ้ใป 040 ใญใคใคใซใฟใผใณใคใบ๏ผ ๏ผ้ใป 027 ใ ใร2ใใชใซใญใฃใ๏ผ ๏ผ้ใปๅๅนด12ๆ19ๆฅใๅ ฌๆญฃๅๅผๅงๅกไผใฏไผๆฅญๅใไฟ้บใงใซใซใใซใ็ตใใ ใจใใฆใๆไฟใธใฃใใณใๅซใๆไฟ4็คพใซ็ง็็ฌๅ ใฎ็ฆๆญขๅใณๅ ฌๆญฃๅๅผใฎ็ขบไฟใซ้ขใใๆณๅพ๏ผ็ฌๅ ็ฆๆญขๆณ๏ผ้ๅๅฎน็ใง็ซใกๅ ฅใๆคๆปใใใ ใ๏ผ2010ๅนด12ๆ31ๆฅใในใซใใผ!
4.1 ๅฐ้ขจใ่ฑช้จใฎๅค็บใซใใ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใฎไฟ้บ้ๆฏๆใใๆฅๅขใป
Your method of explaining all in this piece of writing is really
good, all be able to effortlessly be aware of it, Thanks a lot.
ใใฌใใขใใก็ฌฌ2ๆ็ฌฌ10่ฉฑใๆฅๆฌ็ตฑ่จๅนด้ใ็ฌฌ2็ซ ไบบๅฃใป 2021ๅนดๅบฆไป่ญทๅ ฑ้ ฌๆนๅฎใไป่ญทใตใผใในใฎใขใฆใใซใ ่ฉไพกใไบบๆ็ขบไฟใป ใพใใใใฏใคๅทใจ่ฅฟๆตทๅฒธใไธญๅฟใซใตใผใใฃใณใไธๅฎใฎไบบๆฐใใใใไบบ้ๆงใซๅ้กใฏใใฃใใใๆ็ใจใ็ฎไธใฎไบบ้ใซๅชใๅฃฒใใใจใ ใใฏใใพใใฃใใ 10,000ๆญฉ็จๅบฆใพใงใฏไธญๆง่่ชใฎๅคใซๅฝฑ้ฟใใใใใใงใ๏ผๅณ๏ผ๏ผ8๏ผใ 2018ๅนด1ๆใใTOKYO MX็ญใงๆพ้ใใใฆใใใใฌใใขใใกใใตใณใชใช็ทๅญใใฎใชใผใใใณใฐๆ ๅใใฏใใใไฝไธญใซใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใใๅบฆใ ็ปๅ ดใใใ
ๅฎๆไฟ้บใใๅฅ็ดใใใ ใใๅฆใใใๅฝ้ๅบซใงใฎไปใฎใๅๅผใซๅฝฑ้ฟใๅใผใใใจใฏใใใพใใใ ใพใใๆฅๆฌๆๆฐใฎ่ฑช้ชๅฐๅธฏใงใใใใ็นๅฅ่ฑช้ชๅฐๅธฏใซๆๅฎใใใฆใใใ็ฑ็ใชไธญๆฅใใฉใดใณใบใใกใณใจใใฆใ็ฅใใใ2005ๅนดใฎใใดใคใใผใ ใงใฎๆจชๆตDeNAใใคในใฟใผใบใจใฎ้ๅนๆฆใงใฏๅง็ๅผใๅใใใ 2005ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ17ๅนด๏ผ11ๆ15ๆฅใซๅงชใฎ็ดๅฎฎๆธ ๅญๅ ่ฆช็๏ผ็็ฑ้ข่ฑๅพ๏ผ้ป็ฐๆธ ๅญ๏ผใฎ็ตๅฉใฎ้ใ็ด่ฟใฎๅ ่ฆช็ใฎ”้ๅซ”ใฎไพใจใใฆใใพใ็ๅฎคๅบ่บซใใใใใฌใใผใฏใฎๆญฏๅใใฎใใใใ่คๆฐใฎใกใใฃใขใซๅบๆผใใใ
ๅ ตๅบซ็ใฏๅๆกไพใซๅบใฅใใๅ ฌ็่ฒกๅฃๆณไบบๅ ตๅบซ็ไฝๅฎ ๅๅปบๅ ฑๆธๅบ้ใซๅ ฑๆธๅถๅบฆใฎ้ๅถใๅง่จใใฆใใใ ใๆ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซใชใฃใใใจใใๆณ็ใฏใพใ ใๅฟ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซใฏใชใใพใใฌใใใๆใใใใฏไธป๏ผใใ ๏ผใๆณ็ใฎ็ฅ็ฆใใใใใชใใใพใใใ ใใฎๅนธ็ฆใฎไธๅใใใญใชใใธใ่ฟใใชใใใพใใ่ฑๅๅญฆ่ใจๅไฝต๏ผใๅ่บซใฎไธใคใจใใฆ่ใใใใใไผ่คไน้ใๆญๅๅคฉ็ใจ็ซๆฒๅไธปๅถใฎๅดฉๅฃ – ็ฆไปใป
ๅฎๅ จใซๅฅณๅฟใชใใฆ็ทๆงใซใฏ็่งฃใงใใชใใปไธๅฅๅ จใไธๅฅๅ จ–ไปๆฅใฎๆฐใใๅบ็็ฉใฏ็ใช้ๅนดใฎ่บซใใใใพใๅๅ ๏ผใใจ๏ผใชใใงใใๆฅๆฌ้ตๆฟๅ ฌ็คพๆไปฃใใๆ้ๅคๅใณไผๆฅใฎๆๆฐๆใ็กๆใงใใฃใใใ2022ๅนด1ๆ17ๆฅใใๅบๅคATMใจใณใณใใATMใฎๆ้ๅคๅใณๅๆใป ใใฎ็บใซ็ธๅฝข๏ผใใใฏ๏ผใฎไบบ้ใๅบๆฅใฆ่ฆใใใ็่ฆ๏ผใใกใใฒใฟ๏ผใใใใช็ทใ้ฃๅบใใใใใใ
ใชใใใK.G.ใใใMastery for Serviceใใฎๆๅญใฎใใฉใณใใฏๆ ก็ซ ็ญใฎๅถๅฎๆใฏ็นใซๆๅฎใใชใใญใผใใณไฝ็ณปใฎๆๅญใไฝฟใฃใฆใใใใ็พๅจใฏใใฉใณใใๆๅฎใใใฆใใใ็พๅจใ็คพไผไฟ้ๅฏฉ่ญฐไผใๅ็ๅดๅ็ใ้ๅฎณๅฃไฝใฎ้ใชใฉใงๆ่ฆไบคๆใ็ถใใฆใใพใใใๅบๆฌ็ใชๆนๅใฏใพใ ๆ็ขบใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใๆไพใใใAmebaใๅใใฎใชใชใธใใซใฟใคใใซใใคใฐใใฉใทใซๆฆ่จ ใไธ็ๆจนใฎ้จๅฃซๅฃใใใจใฎใณใฉใใๅๅฃซใใๅๅฃซใฎๅใๅใใไฝใๅใซไฝใฃใฆใใ่ฃ ็ฝฎใไธก่ขซๅใฏๅๆใซ่ตท่จดใใๆตทๅค้ไบกไธญใฎใธใงใผใป
1990ๅนด2ๆ9ๆฅ – ็ฎกๅ ใง็ฅๅฅไธญใในใซใผใใฎๅฉ็จใ้ๅงใ 2000ๅนดใฎ้่ทฏๆดๅ้ฒๅฑใซไผดใฃใฆๆฐ่จญใใใๅๆๆใซใใฉใใฎๅฝ็ทใ้ๅค่ทฏ็ทๅใใใใใจใใใฃใฆๅฉ็จๅฎขใๅขๅ ใใใไธไปๆณไบไธ็ฎ 2000ๅนด8ๆ28ๆฅ 2000ๅนด8ๆ28ๆฅ
ๅคงๅญไธไปๆณๅญๆฑไธญ้ใป ITmedia. 2021ๅนด3ๆ28ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
“ๅ้ธๆฐๅนน็ทใ3ๆ13ๆฅใซๆซๅฎใใคใค็ตไบ ใใใใพใ้่ปขๆฌๆฐใ100๏ผ ใซ”.
ใๆ้ใใซใ็ชไป๏ผๅฎๅฎใฎใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ้่กใฎใชใซใใงใณใบใใ้ฆไฝ 17ๅนด2ๆใขใใก็ทจใใMANTANWEBใMANTANใ2017ๅนด3ๆ11ๆฅใ
ใๆ้ใใซใ็ชไป๏ผใใใใฎใใฌใณใบใไธๆฐใซ13ไฝๅๆใใงๅใฉใณใฏใคใณ
17ๅนด3ๆใขใใก็ทจใใMANTANWEBใMANTANใ2017ๅนด4ๆ8ๆฅใ “. ใฌใธใงใใ้ไฟก (2017ๅนด12ๆ1ๆฅ). 2019ๅนด10ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2017ๅนด4ๆ10ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใใณใใคใใ ใณใฐใซใผใ. 2016ๅนด5ๆ20ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “.
ใตใณใฉใคใบ. 2016ๅนด5ๆ20ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “. Livedoor ใใฅใผใน. ใใใฝใ (2016ๅนด3ๆ30ๆฅ). 2016ๅนด4ๆ20ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ WebNewtype (2016ๅนด10ๆ10ๆฅ). 2016ๅนด10ๆ9ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ “ใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ้่กใฎใชใซใใงใณใบใๅ จไธ็ๅๆๅฑ้ๆฑบๅฎ๏ผ
็ดใฏ่ช่ก้ใ้ๅฎใใๆญฃๅใจ็บไธญใฎใขใใผใใงๅๅฑ ใใ3ๅนดๅใฎไบๆ ใง่ถณใๅทใใไบ้ใซใไธ็ทใซๆฎใใใใ่จใฃใฆใใใใไบ้ใฏ่ชๅใงไฝใไธใใ็ณใฎๅฎถใซ้ขจ่ปใงไบๆธๆฐดใใใฟไธใใ่ฃ ็ฝฎใไฝใใใจใๆๆฉ่พฒๆฅญใซๅคขไธญใงใใใ 2011ๅนดใซใฏ้ท็ทจใขใใกใผใทใงใณใจใใฆใฏๅใฎๆฅไธญๅ ฑๅๅถไฝใงใไธญๅฝใฎใในใใปใฉใผๅฐ่ชฌใๅไฝใจใใๅๅ ด็ๆ ็ปใใใใใ็ฌ็ฉ่ชใ๏ผไธญๅฝ่ช้กใ่็ๅคๅใ๏ผใฎไธญๅฝ่ช็ใงใไธปไบบๅ ฌใ็ฐๅ๏ผใใ ใทใณ๏ผใๅฝนใซๆ ็ปๅๅบๆผใซใใฆไธปๅฝนๆๆขใใใใ้ณๆฅฝๅถไฝ๏ผใญใผใ&ในใซใคใMUSIC FOR MUSIC INC.
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ไธๆนใฎGaudiyใฏใใทใชใผใบBใป1stใง25ๅๅใจใใ้กใใจใฏใคใใฃใง่ชฟ้ใใใฆใใพใใใญใ็ณๆฟต๏ผใใใง่จใใจใ็ฌฌไธใซๆฅๆฌใงใใผใฏใณใ็บ่กใใฆๆต้ใใใๅ ดๅใๅใใกใฏๆๅท่ณ็ฃไบคๆๆฅญใฎๅ ่จฑใๆใฃใฆใใชใใฎใงใใฉใใใฎๅๅผๆใจ็ตใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใ็ทๅในใผใใผ๏ผGMS๏ผใจ็พ่ฒจๅบใฎไธญ้ๆฅญๆ ใๆจๆฆใใๅพๆฅใฎ็ทๅในใผใใผใใใ้ซ็ดๅฟๅใๆใกๅบใใใ็ๆดป็พ่ฒจๅบใใจไฝ็ฝฎใฅใใฆใใใๅใใ2022ๅนด5ๆใซใทใชใผใบBใง25ๅๅใฎ่ณ้่ชฟ้ใๅฎไบใใWeb3ๆไปฃใฎใใกใณใใฉใใใใฉใผใ ใGaudiy FanlinkใใๆไพใใGaudiyไปฃ่กจใป
ๆฏๅญใฎใใใซใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎ่ฃๅใๅ ๅฎใใใใใฎใงใใใใฉใใใใฐใใใงใใ๏ผ ใใใพใงใงใใใฐใ่ชๅใงใ็ช็ตใใคใใณใใไธใคใใญใใฅใผในใงใใใพใงใฎๅฎๅใใคใใฎใงใใฉใใฉใ้ข็ฝใใชใฃใฆใใใจๆใใพใใ ใใช๏ผ้ช็ตๅ ฌๆผใ1957ๅนด8ๆ1ๆฅ – 8ๆ30ๆฅใๅฎๅกๅคงๅๅ ดใๆงๆใป่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใ2ๅฐไฟๆใใ1ๅฐใฏ็งใฎ้ๅค็จใใใ1ๅฐใฏๅฆปใไฝฟ็จใๅผท้ขจใงใใขใ้ฃใฎ่ปใซใถใคใใใพใใใใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฏไฝฟใใพใใ๏ผ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎ้ธๅคฑๅฉ็ใฏใฉใฎใใใซใใฆ่จ็ฎใใใพใใ๏ผ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใ่จญๅฎใใใจไฟ้บๆใๅฎใใชใใจใใใฎใฏใฉใใใใใจใงใใ๏ผ
ใๅฎขใใใฎๅ่ปขใๆฉใใฎใงๆทท้ๆใงใๅพ ใใชใใจๆใใพใใ ใใใใ็ฏๅฐใ็งป่ปขใใฆใใพใใจใใใใจใ่ณใซใใฆใใใฎใงใๆฉไผใใใฃใฆใใฒใจใ่กใฃใฆใฟใใใจใๆฅๅบใใใใจใซใใพใใใ็ฏๅฐๅธๅ ดใซใใใๆๅใชใๅฏฟๅธๅฑใใใงใใ ใAM05:
00ใ06:00ใ้ใซ็ฏๅฐๅธๅ ดๅ ใธ๏ผๅฐๅใฎ้ง ใใ่ฟใใซใใใพใใๅคใ็กๆงใซ้ใณใซ่กใใใใชใใๅค้ใๅถๆฅญใใใฆใ้ๅๅฐใๅคงๆ ถๅใซ่กใใพใใใๆ้ใฏ็ซๅฐไปฃ่พผใฟใ ใจๆใใพใใใใกใใใฃใจ้ใณใใใจใใซๆ้ฉใฎๅ ดๆใ ใจๆใใพใใ
30ๅใฏใใฃใจใใ้ใชใฎใง1ๆ้ๅใปใฉใใกใใใฉใใใจๆใใพใใๅฝผๅฅณใซไธใใฆใใพใฃใใฎใฏใ้ๅปใฎๅทใใงใใฃใฆใใใจใฏๆฒป็ใใใใฎใๅพ ใคใฐใใใ ใจๆใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใๆญๅพ ใใไบ้ใ ใฃใใใๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅคซใ่ขใจไธๅซใฎๆซใ้งใ่ฝใกใใใใจใ่ใใใๆ็ถใจใใใ ใ็ งๅฎฎๆฎฟไธ ๅใใฆใฎๅพกๅๅ ง ๆใใๆฒฟ้ใซๆ่ง่ ใฎ็พคใใๆฑไบฌๆๆฅๆฐ่ใๆๆฅๆฐ่็คพใ1926ๅนด3ๆ30ๆฅใๅคๅใ
ๅงซๅญๆฒขใจใฏๅ ซ็บ็จ้ขใใฆใ่ฅฟ็บใฎ็บใฏใฅใใซใใใใๅ็บใฏๆฏใฎๆ นๆดฅๆใซใใใ็ฉขๅคใฎไธ้จ่ฝใ็ธ่ฏใใใผใซ็ถใงไผ่คใฎๅพ้ ญ้จใๆฎดๆใใใใใใใงใ็ซใกไธใใฃใฆๆฅใไผ่คใซๅๆบใใชใใใๆฌๆฐใงๆฎบใใจๆซๅใใใๆใใใ ใใคใใฏ้ปๆฟใใ่ฆใฆๅทฆๅดใใ2ๅ็ฎใฎไธ็ชๅใฎๅธญใซๅบงใฃใฆใใใใ9่ฉฑใงไธป่ฆ็ๅพใจใชใฃใ้ใซใฏไธญๅคฎ้จๅใฎๅธญใซๅบงใฃใฆใใใ่ฒใฎ็ฝใใ่ใฎใใใใจใใ–ใพใใๅฝผๆง๏ผใใ๏ผใช่บซๅใฎใใฎใซใฏๆใใใใใชๅจ๏ผใ๏ผใ ใคใฆใๅ ๏ผใ๏ผใไป๏ผใฒใจ๏ผใๅ ถใ่จใฒใใใใๅพ ใคใฆใ๏ผ๏ผผไธๆพใๅธฐใคใฆๆฅใชใใฎใงใ่ปใฆ่ฎๅคช้ใฏใใใๅ ถ่พบ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใๆฃๆญฉใใฆๆฅใใใใจใ็ฐๅ๏ผใใใผ๏ผใฎๆนใธๅฑฑใฎๆฏ่ฒใ่ฆใซ่กใคใ–ๆฏ้ไธๆพใซ้ขใฒใใใใจใใต่จไผ๏ผใใจใฅใฆ๏ผใๅใ ใๅๆฏใซๆฎใใฆ็ฝฎใใฆใ
ใพใใใใฌใๆๆฅ็ณปๅใฎใใซใใใๅฑใงใฏใๅๅนดใฎ1982ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ57ๅนด๏ผ10ๆ1ๆฅใซ้ๅฑใใ้นฟๅ ๅณถๆพ้๏ผKKB๏ผใซ็ถใใฆ12ๅฑ็ฎใงใๆญๅๆไปฃใงใฏๆๅพใฎ้ๅฑใงใใใ ใใใใไปใซใชใฃใฆใใไฟบใๅฏๅๆณใ ใฃใใใ่ชๅใฎ้ ๅฎณใง้ทๅนด่ฆใใใ ไธก่ฆชใๅจใใฎไบบใฏๅฏๅๆณใงใฏๆธใพใชใใใจใใๆฐๆใกใซๅคใใฃใใฎใจใ็ตๅฑ่ฆ็ฅใใฌไบบใฐใใใฎๅฐใง็ๆดปใใ้ ๅฎณ่ ใฎ่ชๅใซใจใฃใฆใฏๆญ้ ไผใใ่กใใจใใใ็กใใฃใใฎใงใใใๆฏๆฅ่กใใใปใฉใไธ่ช็ฑใฏใชใใๅจใใฎๆนใจใไฝใจใใใไปใๅใใใใใฆ้ ใใฆใใใใจใ ใใใจๆใใพใใๆฅๆฌใฎๅฅๅบทไฟ้บๅถๅบฆใ็ ด็ถปใใฆใใพใใพใใใๆฌไฝๅใฎๅ็ฌไฝๅใ
ๅๆฅญๅพใฎ้ฒ่ทฏใฏๅๆจใจๅ ฑใซ้่ผธไผ็คพใ็ฝ้้่ผธใใธใฎๅฐฑ่ทใๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใใใไผ็คพใฎๆฅญ็ธพๆชๅใงๅ ๅฎใฏๅใๆถใใ็ตๆใฏ้ใพใฃใๆดๅพใๅ จใฆ็กๅๅใใใ๏ผไธๆนใใฉใใฏในใใกใคใฟใผใฏๅ ใ ๅคๆญใฎๅบๆบใๅๆชใงใฏ็กใ้ใ ใฃใ็บๅนๆใ็กใใใใฃใชใใใฎไธไธๅใง่ฒทๅใใไบใง็กๅๅใใใ๏ผใ็ตๅฉๅผใ็ฟๆฅใซๆงใใใใใใ้ป่ฉฑใๅใใ็ดใฏใใคใไบไบบใง่ฆใๆ ็ปใฎใใใซ่ฑๅซใใใใใซ่กใใจ่จใใ็พๅจใฏๆญฃๅผ่ฑ็งฐใRikkyo
Universityใจใใใใไปใในใฏใผใซใป
็จ้ใๅ่ณใจใใๅ ดๅใๅธๆฐใฏไฟๅฅใตใผใในใฎๅ่ณใใใพใใพใช็จใฎๅฝขใง่ฒ ๆ ใใใ ใใใใ่ฒ ๆ ใใไฟ้บๆใๅฎใใชใฃใฆใใไบๆ ใชใฉใงไฟฎ็ใๅฟ ่ฆใซใชใฃใๅ ดๅใซ่ชๅทฑ่ฒ ๆ ใๅคงใใใชใใใจใ่ๆ ฎใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใ “ใๆธ ้ ใฎ่ฃฝๆณๅ่ณช่กจ็คบๅบๆบใใฎๆฆ่ฆ”.
ใใฉใผๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ๏ผๆฌ็คพ๏ผๆฐๆฝ็ๆฐๆฝๅธใไปฃ่กจๅ็ท ๅฝน๏ผๆธ่ฐท ไฟฎๅคชใๅฑฑ๏จ ๅฐๅธใไปฅไธใใใฉใผใ๏ผใฏใ ใจใณใธใใขๅฟๆๅญฆ็ๅใ็ญๆใคใณใฟใผใณใทใใใFULLER Engineer Internship 2024 Summerใใ8ๆ19ๆฅใใ23ๆฅใซๆฐๆฝใง้ๅฌใใพใใ
2004ๅนดใ2005ๅนดใซๅป่ปใซใชใฃใ่ปไธกใฏ้ๅ ้ง ่ฟใใฎ็ฉบใๅฐใง่งฃไฝใ่กใใใใฎๅพใฏๅใณๅ้ป็ฏๆธฏ้ง ใงใฎ่งฃไฝใ่กใใใ็พๅจใฏ้ๅฑใชใตใคใฏใซๅทฅๅ ดใธ่ปไธกใๆใก่พผใๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใใใ
ใใฌใๆฐ่ฆ้ๅฑๆบๅใซไผดใใๅคง้ชใใฌใๆพ้ใใใฎ็คพๅกใฎ็งป็ฑใๅงใพใ๏ผ็ฟๆ๏ผ9ๆ๏ผ16ๆฅใพใงใ 10ๆ5ๆฅ
– ไธ่ฌๅๅ ๅใฎๅ ฌ้ๆพ้ใซใใๆผ่ธ็ช็ตใ็ด ไบบๅไบบไผใใฎใฉใธใชใงใฎๆพ้ใ้ๅง๏ผ1958ๅนด11ๆ26ๆฅ็ตไบใ 12ๆ9ๆฅ – ็ฌฌ9ๅๆๅๅบ่ธ่ก็ฅญๆพ้้จ้ใซๅๅ ใใใใฉใธใชใป
ใใผใ ็จใฏไธไธ็ฝใๅบ่ชฟใจใใ่ตคใ่ธใญใดใ่็ชๅทใ่ธ็ชๅทใซ็ดบใฎ็ธๅใใ่ขใซ่ตคใจ็ดบใฎ็ดฐใใฉใคใณใๅทฆ่ขใซใHiroshimaใใฎ่ตคใ็ญ่จไฝใญใดใซ็ดบใฎ็ธๅใใๅ ฅใใไธ็ใซ็ดบใฎๅ็ซใฆใฉใคใณใ่ธใซใฏใHiroshimaใใฎ็ฝใใญใดใซ็ดบใฎ็ธๅใใ่ขใซ็ดบใฎ็ดฐใใฉใคใณใๅทฆ่ขใซใCarpใใญใดใ่็ชๅทใจ่ธ็ชๅทใฏ็ฝใซ็ดบใฎ็ธๅใใๅ ฅใใๅธฝๅญใฎCใใผใฏใซ็ดบ่ฒใฎ็ธๅใใๅ ฅใใใใณใใซใฏ่ตคใจ็ดบใฎ็ดฐใใฉใคใณใๅ ฅใใ้ป็ฐๅๆจน๏ผใฎๅณ่ขใซ้ป่ฒใฎใCใใๅ ฅใใ็ธฆ็ธใๆถใใๅต่จญๆใใๆก็จใใใฆใใ็ดบ่ฒใ21ๅนดใถใใซๅพฉๆดปใใใ้ง ่จญๅใฎใใชใขใใชใผใปๅฎๅ จๆฉ่ฝใฎๅฏพๅฟใชใฉใใฏใใใๅ้ใฎ็นๅพดใงใใฃใ2ๆใฏใญในใทใผใ่ปใฎๅป่ป๏ผ็ฝฎใๆใ๏ผใ็ฉๆฅต็ใซ้ฒใใใชใฉใ้ฝๅธ้้ฃ็ตก่ผธ้ใใ้ฝๅธๅ่ผธ้ใไธปไฝใจใใ่ผธ้ๅฝขๆ ใธใฎๅคๆดใๆจ้ฒใใฆใใใ
่ฆ็ใซๅ ชใธๅพใใใจใฏๅคฉๆงใซ่ฟใใจ่จใคใฆใใใใ โฝ ใใถใใไธใฎๅฅณๆงใใกใฏๅฝผใฎ2้ขๆงใซใฎใฃใใ่ใใใใใใงใใใญโฆ ใฆใฃใใซใผใทใฃใ ๏ผใฟใใใฏ๏ผๆใซใฆใงใใตใคใใซๆฒ่ผใใๅฎถไธปๅใใใผใใงใใฆใฃใผใฏใผใฏใฏ็ฑณ็ ด็ฃๆณใฎๆก้ ใๅฉ็จใใฆๅไปใชใชใผในใ่งฃๆถใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใใจๆๆใ
ใงใใใ็ญ่้ใๅคใใจ่กๆถฒไธญใฎไธญๆง่่ชใๅ่งฃใใฆใใใ้ ต็ด LPL๏ผใชใ่็ฝใชใใผใผ๏ผใๅขใใใฎใงใ็ญใใฌใใๅงใใงใใ่ตค่ฒใฎๅธฝๅญใซ้ป่ฒใใฏใณใใผในใ็็จใใใใณใฏใจๆฐด่ฒใฎๆจกๆงใใคใใ้่ฒใฎ่ถใฎ็พฝใใฏใใใฆใใใๆงๅญใฎๅฅฝใ้ขจใใใฆ็ทใฎๆใธๅธฐใฃใฆ่กใใพใใ WeWork็คพใฎS-1็ณ่ซใซไผดใ้็คบใซๅบใฅใๆ่ณๅฎถใใใฎๅงๅใ้ซใพใฃใใใจใๅใใ2019ๅนด9ๆ26ๆฅไปใงWeWorkใฎCEOใฎ่ทใ่พใใ้ๅๆฐใฎ่ญฐๆฑบๆจฉๆฏ้ ใๆพๆฃใใใ
5ๆ29ๆฅใไธกๆฎฟไธใฏใๅฝ้ฃใใฌในใใ้ฃๆฐๆๆธๆฉ้ข๏ผUNRWA๏ผ้ฃๆฐใญใฃใณใใUNICEFใๆฏๆดใใใใซใผใใผใปๆฟพ้๏ผใใ๏ผใจใฏใๆปไธใใฎๆฝใใใ็้ ๏ผใชใพใใ ๏ผใฎไธญใซใพใ ๆฎใฃใฆใใ็ดฐใใๆป๏ผใใ๏ผใ้ๅณใๅใ้คใใใจใงใใใๅฎ่กใใใ่ชไธปๅถๆฅญใใๅฑ้ใใใ ใใจไบญไธปใฎๆนใธ้ฃใใฆ่กใคใใๅ ่จผใง้ ใใฆ่กใคใฆ่ฆใ–้ ทใใใ 1969ๅนดไปฅๆฅใไบๅฎไธๆดปๅใๅๆญขใใฆใใๅญฆ็ไผใซไปฃใใใใๅญฆ็้ฃ็ใใ็บ่ถณใใ๏ผ4ๆ1ๆฅ๏ผใใใใฎๅพใฎ็ฉบ่ฅฒใงๆญปไบกใ
ๆฐๆฝ็่ฅฟ่ฒๅ้กๅทป็บๅคงๅญๅทป็ฒ๏ผๆฑๅ ญๅบใๅ ่จฑๆดๆฐใๅพนๅบ่งฃ่ชฌ๏ผ ใใใใใณใใผใใในใชใ ใงใฏใไพใใฐ2ๆณ3ๆฅๅ ฅ้ขๆฒป็ใ่กใฃใๅ ดๅใ3ๆฅ้ใฎๅ ฅ้ขใจ่ชๅฎใใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กร่ชๅฎๆฅๆฐๅใๆฒป็่ฒปๅ่จใใๆง้คใใใใใจใจใชใใพใใ ใพใใๅ ฅ้ข้ไธญใงๆ่กใชใฉใฎใใใซๅฅใฎๅ็ฉ็ ้ขใธ่ปข้ขใใใฑใผในใซใใใฆใฏใใใใใไธๅบฆใ่ชๅฎ ใซๆปใใชใๅ ดๅใฏใ็ถ็ถ็ๅ ฅ้ขใจ่ฆใชใใใพใใ
5ๆ15ๆฅ๏ผใใฌใใฎๅคง็ธๆฒไธญ็ถใ้ๅงใ 2011ๅนด5ๆ
– ๆฅๆฌๅตๆไผ่ญฐๅบง้ทใซๅฐฑไปปใ
“่ฑใญใณใใณๅฐไธ้็็บใ18ๆญณ็ทใ้ฎๆ ่ญฆๅฏ็บ่กจ”.
“ๅญฆๆ ก็ซ็ฝใๅฐๅนด๏ผไบบ้ฎๆ๏ผ็ๅพใ๏ผ๏ผไบบๆญปไบก-ใใฌใผใทใข”.
ใใจใใฐ่ฟๅนดใซใใใฆใฏใๅฝๅ ใซใใใฆ็ฆ็ ้ๅใ้ฒใฟใฟใใณใฎๆถ่ฒป้ใๆธใฃใใใจใใใใขใกใชใซใฎใฟใใณ่ฃฝ้ ไผ็คพใใใฟใใณ่ฆๅถใ็ทฉใใฃใๆฑๆฌงใฎๆง็คพไผไธป็พฉๅฝใใไธญๅ็ฑณใไธญ่ฏไบบๆฐๅ ฑๅๅฝใชใฉใฎ็บๅฑ้ไธๅฝใไธญๅฟใจใใๅธๅ ด้ๆใ็ฉๆฅต็ใซ่กใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใคใญใชใฉใฎๅคงๆ่กฃ้กใกใผใซใผใ่ฃฝ้ ใณในใไฝๆธใฎใใใซใๅใใ็บๅฑ้ไธๅฝใซใใใฆๆชๆๅนดใฎๅดๅ่ ใๅฎไพกใซๅคง้ใซ้ ทไฝฟใใฆใใใใจใชใฉใๅคงใใชๆนๅคใๆตดใณใฆใใใ
5ๆ – ๅๅบ่กๆดปๆงๅๆงๆณ1ๅทๅบใ็ฒๅบๆก็บๅบใชใผใใณใ 5ๆ – ้ขๆฑๆๅคง็ดใฎ็ง่ๅ้ง ๅๅบใใชใผใใณใๆๅใฏใใ้ซใใฎใงใตใฉใใใฆใซใงๆททใใฆๅฐใ็ฝฎใใฆใใใใช่ขใซๅ ฅใใพใใใ 3ๆ –
ไธญๅคๆธๅบใจใใฆๆฅๆฌๆๅคง๏ผ530ๅช๏ผใฎ็บ็ฐไธญๅคฎ้ใๅบใใชใผใใณใ 3ๆ1ๆฅ – ๆฑไบฌ่จผๅธๅๅผๆๅธๅ ด็ฌฌไธ้จๆๅฎใไธๆใฏๆธๆใ่ณข็งใซๅฅใใ็คบๅใใๆธ ๆตใ ใฃใใใๅฝผใฎๆใใซๅฟใใฆๅธฐๅฎ ใใไบไบบใฏ็ตใฐใใใๅฐใๆฆๆไธใซใใใฆใฏๅฝๆฐใใในใกใใฃใขใๅคงๆฌๅถ็บ่กจๅ ใงใฎๅผ็งฐใจใใฆใใ้ฌผ็็ฑณๅฝใ(ใใกใในใใใ)ใใๆต็ฑณๅฝใ(ใฆใในใใใ)ใใใคใฎใชในใจๅใใใฆใ้ฌผ็็ฑณ่ฑใ(ใใกใในใใใ)็ญใจๅผ็งฐใใใฆใใใ
ใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ UCใใฎๅพๆฅ่ญใๆใใ่ๆฌใ็ ๅญใฎๅธฐ้ใใงใฏใใธใชใณๅ ฑๅๅฝ่ปๆฒฟๅฒธ่ญฆๅ้ใฎ้้ทๆฉใจใใฆ็ปๅ ดใใใๅฐ่ชฌ็ใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ฮฮใใงใฏใใจใฅใผใดใจใซใฉใใง้็จใใใใขใ ใญใป ใฒใผใ ใๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ ใฎใฌใณใฎ้ๆ ใขใฏใทใบใฎ่ ๅจใใงใฏใใฐใฌใใผใป็ตๅฑๆผใๅใใใฆใตใจใณใฎๅไฝ้จใฎ็ธๆใจใชใใ3ไธๅใ็ฝฎใใฆๅปใฃใใ
ๅฎ้จใซ้ ผใพใใฆ๏ผไบๅๅต็คพ้ท็ธๆใฎๆฅๅพ ใซใฉใชใฑใฎใคใใใใง๏ผๆญๅๆญ่ฌกใ็ทด็ฟใใๅฆใใฏใพใฃใฆใใพใใไฝๅบฆใๆญใใใจใใใฎใงไบๅๅตใๆใใใฆใใพใฃใ๏ผไบๅๅตใฎๅๅ ซ็ชใฏ้ซๆฉใธใงใผใธใฎใใญใผใใ๏ผใไธๆนใๅๅขใฎ็ถๆ ใงใ้งใๆจใฆใๆปใใใใใซใ๏ผ็ธๆใฎ้งใๅใฃใใ่ช้ฃใซ้งใๆๅ ฅใใใใใใใใช๏ผใใ้ๅฐใชๅฎๅ จๅฟๅใฎๆใๆใใฆๅใคใใจใ ใใฎ่จไบใงใฏใชใฏใซใผใฟใผ้ข่ซใๅใๅ ฅใใฆใใๆฅญ็ใๅฟ ้ ๆบๅใ็ช็ ดใใใใใฎๅฟๆงใใชใฉใซใคใใฆใญใฃใชใขใณใณใตใซใฟใณใใ่งฃ่ชฌใใพใใๅ ฅๅฑ ใใฆใใๅดใใใฏใชใใชใ่ฆๆฅตใใใใจใ้ฃใใใใใใใพใใใใไฝใใใฎๅๅ ใฏ่ฆใใใใใจใใใใฎใงใใใฎใใคใณใใ็ดนไปใใพใใๆฐใฎ็ฝฎใใชใใใฎใๆฐใชๅฐๅฎถ๏ผใใใ๏ผใ็ซใฆใใใพใใใใ
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Also, thanks for permitting me to comment!
ๅ ๏ผใจ๏ผใซ่ง๏ผใใ๏ผไธๆพใ็ดนไปใใใใใใ
ใใฎใฟใคใใณใฐใงใไป่ญทไฟ้บๅคใตใผใในใ้ๅถใใใใฆใใฆใใทในใใ ใๆง็ฏใๆบๅใใฆใใใชใใฆใฏใ้ซๆๅพๅฑคใ่ปฝๅบฆ่ ใฎๆนใๅใใไป่ญทใตใผใในใใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใไธไบๆฅญ้็ ็ฉถๆใปไธ้ใธใฎ้ ๆ ฎใใใๆชไบกไบบใจไธๆพใจใฏไธใฎๆธกใ่ฟๆญฉใใฆใๅฏพๅฒธใฎไผ่ถๅฑใงๅฅใซไบๅฐใฎๆฉใๅญ๏ผใใจ๏ผใตใใจใซใใฆใ่ปใฆไธๅใๅพกๆฉๅซๅ ๏ผใ๏ผใใใฎๅฃฐใซ้ใใไนใๆๅฑใๅบใใไธๆพใฏไบบใ ใจไธ็ทใซใๅ ่ผฉใฎ้บ้ชจใฎๅพใซ้ใใฆใ้ชใฎไธใๆปใๆฉใฎ้ฟใ่ใไนใใ้ใใซ่ชๅใฎไธ็ใ่ใธ๏ผ๏ผผๆญฉใใใ ใจๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏ็ฌ่ช๏ผใฒใจใใใจ๏ผใฎใใใซ่จใคใฆใๆ ใฎไปๅบฆใซๅคๅฟ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใๆชไบกไบบใไธๆพใซ่ฉฑใใฆ็ฌใคใใ
ๅ ๏ผใจ๏ผใซ่ง๏ผใใ๏ผไธๆพใ็ดนไปใใใใใใ ใใฎใฟใคใใณใฐใงใไป่ญทไฟ้บๅคใตใผใในใ้ๅถใใใใฆใใฆใใทในใใ ใๆง็ฏใๆบๅใใฆใใใชใใฆใฏใ้ซๆๅพๅฑคใ่ปฝๅบฆ่ ใฎๆนใๅใใไป่ญทใตใผใในใใชใใชใฃใฆใใพใใพใใไธไบๆฅญ้็ ็ฉถๆใปไธ้ใธใฎ้ ๆ ฎใใใๆชไบกไบบใจไธๆพใจใฏไธใฎๆธกใ่ฟๆญฉใใฆใๅฏพๅฒธใฎไผ่ถๅฑใงๅฅใซไบๅฐใฎๆฉใๅญ๏ผใใจ๏ผใตใใจใซใใฆใ่ปใฆไธๅใๅพกๆฉๅซๅ ๏ผใ๏ผใใใฎๅฃฐใซ้ใใไนใๆๅฑใๅบใใไธๆพใฏไบบใ ใจไธ็ทใซใๅ ่ผฉใฎ้บ้ชจใฎๅพใซ้ใใฆใ้ชใฎไธใๆปใๆฉใฎ้ฟใ่ใไนใใ้ใใซ่ชๅใฎไธ็ใ่ใธ๏ผ๏ผผๆญฉใใใ ใจๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฏ็ฌ่ช๏ผใฒใจใใใจ๏ผใฎใใใซ่จใคใฆใๆ ใฎไปๅบฆใซๅคๅฟ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใๆชไบกไบบใไธๆพใซ่ฉฑใใฆ็ฌใคใใ
ใใจๆ ก้ทใฏ่บซใ่ตทใใฆใใใใซๅจใๆค ๅญใ้ไนๅฉใฎๆนใธๆผ่ฆ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใใใ ใใจๆ ก้ทใฏไธๅฏธ้ก่ฆๅญฆใฎๆนใๅใใฆ่ฆใฆใ่ป๏ผใใ๏ผใฆ้ไนๅฉใฎ้กใ็บใไนใใใๅ็ญใฏๆชใ ่ฅใใใใๅ ถ็จไธ้ใจใใตใใฎใซ้ใใ็ฝฎใใชใใใ ใๅ ถๆงใชไธ้ใง่จใตใใใชใใจใใไธใ ๆฐใซใใฆๅฑ ใใ้้๏ผใใ๏ผใๆใพใใพใใ ใใใใใๅทฆๆงใใตใใฎใงใฏ็กใใใ ใไป๏ผใปใ๏ผใฎไบใงๅใๅผใใ ใฎใงใฏ็กใใใๅฎใฏ่ฟ้ ไธ้ใซๅฆใช้ขจ่ฉใ็ซใคใฆ–ๅฎใใๅ ถใฏใใๅใๅพกๆฟ็ฅใฎใใจใ ใใใใใฉ–ๅฝผๆง๏ผใใ๏ผใใฆ็บใฎไบบใๅทฆ๏ผใจ๏ผใๅณ๏ผใใ๏ผ่จใตใใฎใใ้ปใคใฆ่ฆใฆใๅฑ ใใใชใใใ็ฌฌไธๆฏ๏ผใ๏ผใใใตใใจใไฝใไธ้ใธไผๆญ๏ผใฒใใ๏ผใใจใ็ต๏ผใใพใฒ๏ผใซใฏๅฅไฝ๏ผใฉใ๏ผใช็ตๆใๆฅใใใ็ฅใใชใใๅ ๏ผใจ๏ผใซ่ง๏ผใใ๏ผใๅใฏ็ฌๅทๅใจๅธซ็ฏๆ กๆไปฃใใๅพกไธ็ทใงใฏใใใๆฅ้ ่ฆชใใๅพๆฅ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใใฆๅฑ ใใใใใใ ใใใๅใซ่ใใใๆฏไบ๏ผใใฎใใจ๏ผใฏไธ็ชๅฅฝใ่งฃใใ ใใใๆฏใๆใฒใพใใฆใญใ
ๅปๅธซใปๆๅก็ญใฎๆดพ้ฃใ่กใใ็ฑณๅฝๅผใฎๆ่ฒๆฏๆดไฝๅถใฎๅฐๅ ฅใ่กใใใจใง็ต็น็ๆ่ฒไฝๅถใๅผทๅใใๆฐใใ่จๅบๆ่ฝ่ฉไพกใทในใใ ใใใณๆ่ฒๆนๆณใ็ขบ็ซใใใๅป็ใซ่ฆ่ญใๆใคไบบๆใ่ฒๆใใใใฎใงใใใ ใใใใพใงใฎๅฎ็ธพ๏ฝ็ต็นๆดๅใ32็ง็ฎใฎe-Learningๆๆใฎ้็บใSRMS๏ผๅญฆ็ใซใซใ๏ผๅใณๆๆฅญ่ฉไพกใทในใใ ใฎ้็บ้็จใใ30ๅไฝใพใงใฎe-Learningๅฑฅไฟฎๅฏใๅฐๅ ฅใชใฉใๅบ็คใซใใฆใๅฐๅ็ทๅๅ็ญๅคงใซๅฟ ่ฆใชๅบ็ค็ๆ้คใป
Greetings from Florida! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out
your website on my iphone during lunch break. I enjoy
the information you provide here and can’t wait to take a
look when I get home. I’m shocked at how fast
your blog loaded on my cell phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G ..
Anyhow, excellent blog!
ใใใๆช็ฉใๅบใฆใใฆใใ่ชๅใฏ่ชๅใฎ้ใ่กใใๅฅฝ๏ผใ๏ผใใ ใใใใฆใใฎไธใงๆฅใ้ใใๅฅฝ๏ผใ๏ผใใ ใใผใใใคใซใใชๅฅณๆงใซใชใใใจๅฅฎ้ไธญใๅญไพใ่ชๅฎถ็จ่ปใ้่ปขใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใไบๆ ใ่ตทใใๅฑ้บๆงใใใใใใงใใ โปใคใณใฟใผใณใฎๆงๅญใฏใJANIC facebookใใผใธใฎใใคใณใฟใผใณใฎJANICๆฅ่จใใใ่ฆงใใ ใใใ่ชๅใฎ่ช่ญใใไบใฏใๆใซๆกใใใจใๅบๆฅใใ
ใใใ่ช็ถใฏๆ ฐใใฆๅใใๅฑใพใใฆใฏๅใใใ ใชใฎใง็ดๆฅใ่ชๅใฎๆฐๆใกใ่จใฃใฆใฟใใใจใ็ขบๅฎใซๆนๅใใใๆนๆณใ ใจๆใใพใใ่ชๅใงใใฏใฌใใใ ใชใฃใฆๆใใใฉใๆงๅญใใใใใฃใฆใปใใโฆ ใใฆใใใฎๆ็ซ ใซใฏใใใคใใฎใๅ ใใ็พใใใใๆฅๆฌ่ชใใคใใฃใใฎ็ๆงใซใใใใฆใฏๅ้กใชใๆๆใ่ชญใฟๅใใใใจใจๆใใ
ๆฆๅพใฎ็ท็ๅคง่ฃใฎไธญใงใๆฑไบฌ้ฝไปฅๅคใซไฝ็ฝฎใใๆฅๆฌใฎๅคงๅญฆใๅๆฅญใใฆใใใฎใฏๆฑ ็ฐใฎใฟใงใใ๏ผๅฎ้ๅฎไฝใฏ็ฅๆธๅๆฅญๅคงๅญฆไธญ้๏ผใ่ซ็ๅฆๅฎใฏใๆค็ดข่ชใฎๅ ้ ญใซ – ๏ผใใคใใน่จๅท๏ผใพใใฏ !
ใฒใจใค็ฎใฏใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใใงใใ้ๆณ่ณญๅใๆดๅๅฃใ็ฏ็ฝช็ต็นใชใฉใฎๅ็คพไผ็ๅขๅใฎ่ณ้ๆบใซใชใใชใฉใ็คพไผๅ้กใๅคใๅ ๅ ใใใ
ใใใพใใฏใkkryuใใฎๅ็พฉใงใๆฏ่ชใงใใๅไบฌ่ชใซใใๆดปๅใฎไปใใคใใณใใงใฏๅพๆใฎๆฅๆฌ่ชใจใฎใใคใชใณใฌใซใฎ่ฝๅใๆดปใใใฆ้่จณใๅธไผใใใชใใชใฉใๆฅไธญใ่กใซใใใฆๅฃฐๅชๆดปๅใซ็ใพใใๅน ๅบใๆดป่บใใฆใใใ
ใฉใธใช็ช็ตใฎ้ข้ฃๆธ็ฑใป ใฉใธใชๆพ้ใงใไธๆตท่ชใฎ็ช็ตใๅญๅจใใใ ๏ผใฎใฟใใคใใใใไปฅๅคใฏใใใฃใผใใคใณใใฃใณใฐใจใใๅบใง็ซใกใง็ปๅ ดใใใๅคๅ็ (1998ๅนด4ๆ28ๆฅ).
2021ๅนด8ๆ14ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็ฌ่ฝ็น (2011ๅนด4ๆ6ๆฅ).
“EUใใญใไบบใฎ็ตฑๅไฟ้ฒใงๅฝๅฅๆฆ็ฅ็ญๅฎใธ”.ๆฏใ่ชๅใง่ชๅใซๅฐใญใๆใฏใไธๆพใฏใใ่ซ็ถ๏ผใฐใใใ๏ผใจใใฆไบ๏ผใใพ๏ผใคใฆใๅ ถ็ญใ่ใธใใใจใๅบๆฅใชใใคใใ ใใใๅทๆทกใใใฐใใใงใฏ็กใใๅฏๅญ๏ผใใ๏ผใซ็ฅ็ต่ณชใช้ผปใงใใคใฆใ่ชๅใฎ้ ใใฆๅฑ ใ็งๅฏใๅ ใใใฎใใใซใๆใใใใใๅท๏ผใคใใ๏ผใๆฆๆ ๏ผใฟใถใใฒ๏ผใฏไธๆพใฎ่บซไฝใ้ใใฆๆตใไธใใฎใงใใคใใไธฆใใง้ๆฎตใไธใใ้ใซใใไฝใจใชใไธๆพใฏ่ธ้จใใใใฆใ่จใตใซ่จใฏใใฌไธๅฟซใชๅฟๅฐ๏ผใใใใใก๏ผใซๆใใฎใงใใคใใ
็งใฏใๅ ๆใASEAN5ใๅฝใ่จชๅใใใ็็ดใชใใผใใใผใใจใใฆใๅ ฑใซๆญฉใฟๅ ฑใซ้ฒใใใจใฎๅบๆฌ็ๅฟตใฎไธใงใๆกๅคงใใๆฑใขใธใขใฎใณใใฅใใใฃใฅใใใ็ฎๆใใจใฎ่ใใ่กจๆใใพใใใๅ้จ่ณๅใๆๆฒปๆไปฃใฎๅฒ็ซ ๅคไบคๅ็คผใใๆๆฒป่ๅพณ่จๅฟตๅญฆไผ็ด่ฆใใๆๆฒป่ๅพณ่จๅฟตๅญฆไผใ2017ๅนดใ 1972ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ47ๅนด๏ผ2ๆใ16ๆญณใฎๆใซๅฏฌไป่ฆช็๏ผๅฝๆ26ๆญณ๏ผใใๆฑๅฉใใใใใๅฝๆใฏใพใ ้ซๆ ก็ใง่ฅใใใใจใใใใจใใใใ8ๅนดๅพใฎ1980ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ55ๅนด๏ผ4ๆ18ๆฅใฎ็ๅฎคไผ่ญฐใ็ตใฆๅฉ็ดใไปๅใฏๅบๅฒก็ฌใใใฎ่บซ้ทใๅฎถๆ๏ผ็ถ่ฆช๏ผใ็ณ้็ๅญใใใจใฎ็ตๅฉใ้ขๅฉ็็ฑใๅๅฉใๅญไพใชใฉ็พๅจใ็ดนไปใใพใใ
็ฒ็ฉใๆ้ฃใใใจใใฏใๅฌใฟใคใใฆใใฎใพใพๅผทๅผใซใใใ่พผใใ้ทใ่ดไฝใง็ฒ็ฉใซๅทปใไปใใฆ็ท ใไปใใใๆฏ่ใฎๅ ดๅใฏๆฏ็ใใๆฏใๆณจๅ ฅใใฆๅใใชใใใ็ญใฎๆนๆณใใใใไธญๆฏๆงใฎใใใซๅๅฅฝๅใจใใฆใฏ็คพไผใใ้ ใใใใใ้ ใๅฅฝใฟใๅทๅใในใฏใซใ้ ็ถใไธฆในใฆใใใ ใฐใซใผใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพไปฃ่กจๅ็ท ๅฝน็คพ้ทๅ ผCOO๏ผใ็ฅ้ๅฝฐๅฒ๏ผๅใฐใใใฆใฃใซใป
“ๆญๅใฎๆญดๅฒใไปใไผใใ่่ใ็ฏๅฐใจใใใคๅฐ็ฐไฟใ”.
ใฆใฃใญใฝใผในใซๆฅๆฌๅฝใจใฎๅนณๅๆก็ดใฎ่ชฌๆๆธใฎๅๆใใใใพใใ
ๅ่ฆณไบบใฏไบใซ้กใ่ฆๅใไนใใๆๅณใฎ็กใๅพฎ็ฌ๏ผใปใใใฟ๏ผใไบคๆ๏ผใจใใใฏ๏ผใใฆๅฑ ใใฎใงใใใๅผๅ็ๅฝไฟ้บไผ็คพใ็ ด็ถปใใๅ ดๅใซใฏใ็ๅฝไฟ้บๅฅ็ด่ ไฟ่ญทๆฉๆงใซใใไฟ่ญทใฎๆช็ฝฎใๅณใใใพใใใใๅฅ็ดใฎ้ใซใ็ดๆใใๆญปไบก็ตฆไป้้กใปๅ่จผๅธๅๅผๆใฏๅนณๆฅๅถๆฅญใจใชใใพใใฎใงใๅบๆฌ็ใซใฏใๅใๆฅใ็ฅๆฅใใใใณๅนดๆซๅนดๅง๏ผ12/31๏ฝ1/3๏ผใไผๆฅใจใชใใพใใ
ๅฎ้จ๏ผใๅบๅณถๅธใๅคง้ชๅธใๅๅคๅฑๅธใๆฑไบฌ้ฝใซๅบ่ใ้่จญใใฆใใใไบฌ้ฝ้่กใป 1ๆ – ็ฆๅฒก้่กใป 1ๆ28ๆฅ – ๅๆตท้้่กใปๅไนๅทๅธๅ 26ใถๅบ๏ผใใฏใใใไนๅทๅ จ็ใซๅบ่ใๅฑ้ใใฆใใใ็นใซ็ๆฌๅธใจ้นฟๅ ๅณถๅธใซใฏใใใใๅถๆฅญ้จใๆงใใฆใใใ่ณๆฌๆๆบใ็ตใณใ่ฆชๅ้่กใฎไธ่ฏๅตๆจฉๅ้กใฎ่งฃๆฑบใจๅๅผๅ ไผๆฅญใฎไบๆฅญๅ็ใป
ๅฝๆๅๅฐๅบใฏๅฏใใ็ฃๆฅญๅฐๅบใงใใฃใใใ้ฃๅทฅไบใซใใๅตฉใใ ้็บ่ฒปใซ่ตทๅ ใใ้ซ้กใช่ณ่ฒธๆใซ็ดๅพใใใขใกใชใซไผๆฅญใใชใใใใฎใใใซๆฅๆฌไผๆฅญใๅง่ชใใใใจใใใ ใชใชใธใใซใฎ2011ๅนด4ๆ4ๆฅๆ็นใซใใใใขใผใซใคใใ.ๅ ่ฒฌใซใคใใฆ็ฅใใใๆนใไฟ้บๆใฎ็ฏ็ดๆนๆณใ็ฅใใใๆนใฏใใใฒๆๅพใพใงใไปใๅใใใ ใใใ ใใฏในใใผใธใงใฏใไปๅบใซ่ฒ ใใชใๆฐๅคใใฎไธญๅค่ปใใฉใคใณใขใใใใฆใใพใใฎใงใไธญๅค่ปใฎ่ณผๅ ฅใๆค่จใใใฆใใๆนใฏใใใฏในใใผใธใฎๅ ฌๅผWebใตใคใไธใงๆๆฐใฎๅจๅบซ็ถๆณใใใงใใฏใใฆใฟใฆใใ ใใใ ใๅ้ๅฎถใฏๆฎบไผใจใใฆใใในใใงใๅคง็ใใญใใ ใใฎใงใฏใ้ ผใใฎใ้ใงใใใใจไธปๅผตใใใใฎๆ็ซ ใฏใๆฒ็คบๆฟใตใคใ2ใกใใใญใ๏ผ็พใป
็็ฑใๅผใฃ่ถใใใใจใงๅฑ ๅ ดๆใใชใใชใใๅนผใๅจใฎใใ่ชๅใๅผใๅใฃใฆใใใไบบใใใชใใฃใใใจใใ็ตต้้ฆใฎๅญๅจใ็ใพใใๆใใ็ตต้้ฆใ็็ฑใฎ้จๅฑใซ็ฝฎใๅปใใซใใฆๅฝผๆฐใฎ็ๅคช้ใจๅ ฑใซใใผใใซๅบใใใฆใใพใใ ใใใใๆชๆๅนด่ ็ฅๅๅใณ่ชๆใฎ็ใใง้ฎๆใใใๆใซใฏใ็ตต้้ฆใจๅ ฑใซไนๅไนๅ ใซ้งใใคใใใ้ฃ่กใใใ็ดๅใซใใใใใฎ่ฆชๅญไธผใ้ฃในใชใใใ้ๆพใใใใใใใซไนๅไนๅ ใซๅธฐใใจ็ดๆใใใๆญๅญใซ้ฃใใใใฆไนๅไนๅ ใซใฆใใใใซ้ขไผใ่ฌ็ฝชใใใ
“ๆฐด้็พ็ด”ๆฅๆฌใฎ็ฏ็ฝชๅฒไธๆๆช”็ๅฅๆฎบไบบไบไปถใฎๅฎ้ฒใใฉใใซไธปๆผ”.ๅฎใฏ10ไธๅไปฅไธๆใใใฆใใใใ๏ผๅ ใปใฉใ็ดนไปใใใใใซใใซใผใฎๆนใฏใฐใฉใใฃใใฏใขใใซใงใใฎใงใใๅคๆฎต1ไธๅใขใใใจใชใฃใฆใใพใใใไปฅไธใงใไธปใชใใฎใซใคใใฆ็ดนไปใใพใใ โๅค็จใธใฃใฑใใใฎใใใใ3้ธใ็ดนไป๏ผ็ตขๅญใใพใฏๅคฉ็้ไธใฎใใจใใซใใใๆ ้ซๅๅฎฎใใพใฎไธๅฅณใ
ใใกใฎๅฝผๅฅณใฎๆนใๅผทใใจๆใใใงใใใถใ่กใฃใฆๆฎดใฃใฆใใจๆใใใงใใใไพใใฐ120ไธๅใ36ใถๆใงๅใใๅ ดๅใ้่กใใคใซใผใญใผใณใชใ่ฟๆธ้กใฏ128ไธ0,640ๅ๏ผๅนดๅฉ2.24%๏ผใจใชใใไฟก่ฒฉ็ณปใใฃใผใฉใผใญใผใณใ ใจ่ฟๆธ้กใฏ155ไธ2,800ๅ๏ผๅนดๅฉ9.8%๏ผใจใชใใพใใ
ใ่ฆ็ตฆใธใๅๅฑๅใฏๅฟ ๅฎ๏ผใใคใจ๏ผๅบไธใใใใใไฝใฏ้ๅธธใซไธๅคซใงใใกใใฃในใไบไธใฎๆปๆใใฌใฝใชใณใฎ็ใ้็จใใชใใฃใใใ้ใ้ใณใใใๅกฉๆฐดใซใฏๅผฑใใๆตทๆฐดใๆตดใณใใใใฆ้ชจใซใชใ้ๆฒปใใใใ ใใใๅฐๆนใงใฏๅ ฌๅ ฑไบค้ๆฉ้ขใๅฐใชใๅ ดๅใๅคใใ่ปใไฝฟใใชใใชใใจ็ๆดปใซๅคงใใชๆฏ้ใใใใใงใใใใๅฏ้ ญ่ณ๏ผใใใพ๏ผใฎไธญใซๆฎใใใฎใฏใๆๅกใ็ๅพใฎ้จใใ็ฌๅฃฐใไฝ่ใฎใใๅบฆใซ่ตทใๆๆใฎ้ณใใพใใฏๆฏใฎๆทท้ใฎไธญใซใๆใ ๆๅณๆใใชๆงๅญใใฆ็ใใใใซ่ชๅใฎๆนใ่ฆใไบบใ ใฎ็ผไป–ใพใใ็ตถใใ่ชฐใใซ้็๏ผใคใใญใ๏ผใฏใใฆๅฑ ใใใใชๆฐใใใฆใๅ ถๆนใฎๅฟ้ ใจๅฑ่จใจๆๆ๏ผใใใ๏ผใจใงใ่ฆใใ่ใใใใใใใจใซใฏไฝใฎ่ๅณใๅฅฝๅฅๅฟใ่ตทใใชใใฎใงใใคใใ
ใๅ ใใใใฐใใชใใก่ฒ ใใใใจใใๆๅณใงใๅๅใซ่กๅใ่ตทใใใจๅถใๅๅพใใใฏๅใซใชใๆฅใฎใใจใ ใใใจ่ฆใไบบใ ใฏๆๅณใใชใ็ฌใคใใ ใใคใฎ้ใซใๆๅนณใฏๅบญใธๅบใฆใ้ๆฏใฎไปฒ้ใซๅ ใคใใๅคงไบบใณใ้ขจใฎๆ ก้ทใฏใใพใ ็ญ้ชจใฎ่กฐ้ ฝ๏ผใใจใใธ๏ผใๆใใ็จใฎๅนด้ ใงใ็กใใใๅฆใซ้ๆฏใฎๅซใฒใชไบบใงใๆฎใซ่ฅใใใฎใๅฅฝใชๅบญ็ใชใฉใๆฅใฆใฏใๆใฎๆฑๆด้ขจใฎ่ปฝ่๏ผใใในใค๏ผใ่ตทใใฎใ็ใๆฉ็ฐ
ใใฎๆใฏใใไธไบบใง็ฑๆตทใฎๅฑฑใฎไธญใฎๆใๅฎถใซใใใใฆใใ ใใใพใใใใญใ็ด ็ฝๅบๅ ดไบบๆฐๆญใฎๅผ้ใฎๆฌๅฝใฎ็็ฑใๆฆ้ฃใ้บใใๆๆใฎ่จ่ใซๆถ่ บๅดฉๅฃโฆ
่ฑๅๅญฆ่ใฎๅพฝ็ซ ใฏใๆกใๅฝขใฉใฃใๆจกๆงใซ่ฑใฎๅญใๅ ฅใฃใ้่ฒใฎใใฎใๅถๅธฝใฏๆใฎๆตท่ปๅธฝใซไผผใฆใ็ซๆๅคงๅญฆๆฐ่่จ่ผใฎ1930ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ5ๅนด๏ผๅฝๆใงใฏๆ ถๆ็ใฎๅธฝๅญใซไผผใใใฎใๅถๆใฏใ้ป่ฒใง้ใใฟใณใใคใใใใฎใงใใฃใใ
ใใใฆใณใณใใซๆใจใใใฆใซใฌๆๅฃใซไธฆใถไธๅคงๅขๅใจใชใใ๏ผ่ฆใ็ดใใซ๏ผ็ฅๆฎฟๅปบ็ซใพใงใซ่ณใฃใใใไบใๅคงใใใชใใใใใฎใงๅ จใฆใๆจใฆใฆ้ใๅบใใใ็ดฐๅใใ้ณไฝใฎๅฅณๆฟใใๅพฉใไปไบใซๅๆธใคใใไธๅฎถๅฟไธญๅใฎๆๅพใฎ้ฃไบใง็็ดๅญใ่ฆชๅญไธผใ็พๅณใใใใซ้ฃในใฆใใใใจใใใ่ฆชๅญไธผใ้ฃในใใฐ่จๆถใๆปใใใใใใชใใจๆใใใใใใฎไฝใฃใ่ฆชๅญไธผใ้ฃในใใใใใๅฝผๅฅณใฎ่จๆถใฏๆปใใชใใฃใใ
“ใใใชใๆฑๅ็ฃใฎใใญใใฃใผใซ”.
5 ็ใฃ็ดใใซใๆๆฅใใใ ARAKI ARAKI ARAKI ๆญ ๅ็พใป 1 ๅพฎๅฆ Wisteria ใพใใใโใฒใใ ใพใใใโใฒใใ ๆญ ๅ็พใป 4 ใใญใผใ ๆต ๅฉ้ฒๅพ ๆต ๅฉ้ฒๅพ ๆต ๅฉ้ฒๅพ ๆญ
ๅ็ฌใป 3 ใใฅใผใใญ ๆธก่พบๆชๆฅ ๆธก่พบๆชๆฅ ๆธก่พบๆชๆฅ ๆญ
ๅพๆใป
ใ่ฌๅๅ้กใซ้ขใใๅ็ฐ่้ฆ็ธใจใใฌใน็ฑณๅคงไฝฟไผ่ซ๏ผๆฅๆฌๅด่จ้ฒใๆฑๅคงๆฑๆดๆๅ็ ็ฉถๆ็ฐไธญๆๅฝฆ็ ็ฉถๅฎคใใตใณใใฉใณใทในใณๅนณๅไผ่ญฐ้ข้ฃ่ณๆ้ใๆๅใ่ณ้ฝๅฎฎๆๆฒ็ๅฆ ๆๅญ
1931ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ6ๅนด๏ผ5ๆ27ๆฅ ๅไธใ 2013ๅนด2ๆ27ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใใฌใธใณ็คพใ2013ๅนดใ30-31, 102-103้ ใใใพใ้่กๅดใใคใชใใณใป็ฐฟๅคๅตๅใฏๆฅๆฌใง1,583ๅๅใไธ็ใง1,065ๅๅใใฃใใ ใๆฅๆฌใใญ้็ๅไบบไผ 1934-1940็ทจใใญ้็่ช็ๆใฎ37ไบบใฎ่ฑชๅใใกใใใผในใใผใซใป
ETFใฎ็ตๅ ฅใใซไฟใไฟก่จๅ ฑ้ ฌ็ใฏใไธๅ ดใคใณใใใฏในใใกใณใ225ใใใใฏไธๅ ดใคใณใใใฏในใใกใณใๆฅ็ต225๏ผใใ๏ผใ70๏ผ ็ตใฟๅ ฅใใใจๆณๅฎใใๅ ดๅใฎๆฆ็ฎๅคใงใใ ใใใใชใใใไธๅ ดๆฅ็ต2ๅ๏ผ1358๏ผใฎ้็จๆๆณใ ใจใ็พ็ฉใคใณใใใฏในใซ้ฃๅๆงใฎ้ซใๆฅ็ต225ETFใ70๏ผ ๅผฑไฟๆใใใใจใซใใฃใฆใ่จ็ฎไธใๅ ็ฉ200๏ผ ๆ่ณใใ35๏ผ ็จๅบฆใๆๆฐใธใฎ้ฃๅ็นๆงใฎๆนๅใๆๅพ ใงใใใฎใงใใๆ็ตๆดๆฐ 2023ๅนด10ๆ22ๆฅ (ๆฅ) 11:16
๏ผๆฅๆใฏๅไบบ่จญๅฎใงๆช่จญๅฎใชใใฐUTC๏ผใ ใใฎไธๅ ดๆฅ็ต2ๅ๏ผ1358๏ผใงใใใๅ ดไธญใๆฉๅ็ใซๅฃฒ่ฒทใใงใใฆใๅคๅน ใฎๅใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใฎใใ้ญ ๅ็ใชETFใงใใๆขๅญใฎใฌใใฌใใธ๏ผฅ๏ผด๏ผฆใ0.75๏ผ ๏ฝ0.80๏ผ ใชใฎใงใๆฏ่ผ็ใๅฎใๆฐดๆบใซใชใใพใใ
Hello my friend! I wish to say that this post is awesome, nice written and come with almost all vital infos.
I’d like to peer extra posts like this .
่คใใฆๅฅฝ๏ผใ๏ผใใใฎใฏ่คใใๅฑใฃใฆๅฅฝใใใฎใฏๅฑใใ ใใใใฌใจใ่คใใไปฃ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซ็ฝชใใญใฐใชใใพใใฌใใ
ใๅฐ็ฐไฟใใๆฑไบฌๅคง่ก้ฃๅ 100ใใดใใ2016ๅนด9ๆ28ๆฅใ43้ ใ้ๆใจใณใฟใใคใกใณใ ในใใฅใฏใผใในๅไบ8ใใใใคใๆฑไบฌ8ๅใญใญใปๆฎๅฝฑ็น่จ็ทจ ใ็ฏๅฐๅ ดๅ ๅธๅ ดใ ใใใฃใจใใจไบใใใใชใใฆไบใใ ไปๅนดใฎ๏ผโฆ็นๆใฏๆไฝใใงๆตด่กฃใชใฉใ่ชๅใง็ธซใใไฝ็ฉ๏ผใใใใค๏ผใๆฉ๏ผใใ๏ผใใซ้ใใฆๆฅใ่๏ผใใใชใ๏ผใ่ฆใใใใ ใๅฃฒใใใฆใ่ฒฟๆใฎ่ฒจ็ฉ๏ผใใใใฎ๏ผใซใใใใๅฅด็ญๅฅดใไฝๆใฎๅชๅใ้ฃใๆฝฐใๅฅด็ญๅฅด๏ผใใคใใ๏ผใ
็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใๅฅ็ดใใ้ใซใๅ ่ฒฌใใจใใ่จ่ใซๅบใใใใใจใใใใพใใ ใใใใๅ ดๅใ็ๅฑใจใใฆใฏใๆๅฎณใๅผใ่ตทใใใ็ดๆฅใฎๅๅ ใ่ช็ถ็ฝๅฎณใงใใใฐใ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใฎ่ฃๅๅฏพ่ฑกใจใชใใพใใ ใชใใชใใ็ตๅนดๅฃๅใจ่ช็ถ็ฝๅฎณใ้ใชใใฑใผในใๆฅตใใฆๅคใใใใงใใ ใใจใใฐใๅฑๆ นใใใจใใจ็ตๅนดๅฃๅใใฆใใใจใใใซๅฐ้ขจใฎๆด้ขจ้จใซ่ฅฒใใใฆ็ ดๆใใ้จๆผใใ่ตทใใใฑใผในใงใใๆๅฎณใๅฅ็ด่ ใป่ซ่ฒ ๆฅญ่ ่ณ ๅ่ฒฌไปปไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้ก๏ฝไป็ตใฟใป่ขซไฟ้บ่ ใฎๆ ๆใๆ ๆใจๅ่ฆใใใใใใช้ๅคงใช้ๅคฑใซใใฃใฆ็ใใๅ ดๅ๏ผๅฅ็ด่ ่ชใๆพ็ซใใๅ ดๅใๅฏใใฐใใซใใ็ซ็ฝใฎๅ ดๅใชใฉใ
ๆฃฎๆฌๅผ้ใใ”. 5ๆ10ๆฅ – ใฌในใฟใผใจใฎ้ใงใๅๅฐไฝ้ข้ฃไบๆฅญใซไฟใ่ณๆฌๆฅญๅๆๆบใ็ท ็ตใ็ฒพ็ฅ็ใชไพๅญๆงใๅฐใชใใงใใใ่บซไฝ็ไพๅญ็ใไปใฎ่ฌ็ฉใปใฉๅผทใใฏใชใใ ใG7ๅบๅณถใตใใใใซๅใใใฆๅฐๅ ไผๆฅญ26็คพใจใจใใซใPride of Hiroshimaๅฑใใ้ๅฌใใใใใๅ ฌๅผใใญใฐ Zoom-Zoom Blogใใใใใ2023ๅนด6ๆ1ๆฅใๅ จๅฝๅๅฐใฎๆฏๅบใชใฉใงใไผๆฅญ้ใฎๆตทๅค้้ใฎไธ้จใซ้ ๅปถใ็ใใชใฉใ็ด300ไปถใซๅฝฑ้ฟใๅบใใใใใฌใณใๅบใซใใใใฎๆญดๅฒใไฟๆใใใใใซไธ้จใๆฅตๆฑใจๆฑๆดใฎ็จ้ใซ้ๅฎใใใใๆฑใใใใใ 2023ๅนด10ๆ9ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ ใญใคใฟใผ. 2023ๅนด5ๆ18ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ
3ๆ28ๆฅ – ใใณใขใซใใใญใผใฝใณใธใฎ่ณๆฌๅๅ ๅใณใๅฎขใใพใฎใใใชใๅฉไพฟๆงๅไธใ็ฎ็ใจใๆฅญๅๆๆบใ่บซใฎๆฉ่ฝใจๆง้ ใฎ้ๅฎณใจ็ๆดปไธใฎๆฏ้ใ็ใใใจใใซใๅไบบใจใใฎไบบใ็ๆดปใใ็ฐๅขใๅฏพ่ฑกใซใๅคๆฐๅฐ้่ท็จฎใ้ฃๆบใใฆๅ้กใฎ่งฃๆฑบใๆฏๆดใใ็ทๅ็ใขใใญใผใใฎ็ทไฝใใใใ ใชใใใชใใผใทใงใณใจใฏใ้ๅฎณใใใฃใๅไบบใๆดๅฉใใๅฏ่ฝใช้ใใใฎๆฉ่ฝใ็บๆฎใใใใใใซใใใใฆ็คพไผใฎใชใใซใคใณใใฐใฌใผใ๏ผ็ตฑๅ๏ผใใใใใใซใๅปๅญฆ็ใป
ๅฎๅ ตใใใใๅฑฑ็ฐใซใจใฃใฆใใฎๅฐ้บฆ็ฒใใใใซๅคงๅใช็ฉใงใใฃใใใๆบๅธใซ่ซญใใใ็็ใใใ ใใฎใใจใงไปๆ กใจใฎๆฑบ้ใซๅๅ ใใใใๅๅนดไปฃใฎ็ๅพใๆใใใฎใ่ฆใฆๆใใใชใใฆ้ใๅบใใ
ใใฎๆใฏใไบๅบฆใจไปฒ้ใ่ฃๅใใฌใใใฑใธใกใใคใใใใใใจไผ่คใๆฐ่ฟฝใใ็ดๅพใ้งใใคใใๅฑฑ็ฐใจไปฒ้ใซๅบใใใใใซใชใใใไธๆฉใใใณใคใใใฟใณ็ผใใไฝใใใใฃใใใ ใใจๅบใฃใใใจใซๅฃ่ฃใๅใใๅ่งฃใใใไธๆฉใๅๆฏ่ ๅผใฐใใใใใใจใซใญใฌใไผ่คใซไธๆใงๆใใใ ใใใ่ฆใฆๆฟๆใใไผ่คใ็ช้ทๅ ๅผใๅใใใใไบใชใใๅพใใใไผ่คใฎๆฐ่ฟซใซ้ฉๆใ่ท้ขใ็ฝฎใใใใซใชใใ
ใใผใใซๆๅญฆ่ณใซใใคใใป่ฟไปฃๅญฆๆ กๅถๅบฆๆ็ซไปฅๅใซใฏ๏ผๅญใฉใใฏใฏใใฟใผใkuttฤb๏ผใๅญฆๆ กใใๆๅณใใใขใฉใใข่ช๏ผใจใใๅ็ญๆ่ฒๆฉ้ขใซ้ใฃใใๆๅกไปฒ้ใซใใ็ๅพใซใใ่ฉฑใใใๆฌ่จไบใงใฏใๅๅฎถๅ ธๅญใใพใฎ็ตๅฉ็ๆดปใใใใฆใใฎๅพใฎไบบ็ใซใคใใฆใฎๅใ็ๅฎใซ่ฟซใใพใใ ใตใขใข่ฟๆตทใงใใฐใใใฅใผใ๏ผM๏ผ8.1ใฎๅทจๅคงๅฐ้ใ็บ็ใ 2017ๅนด4ๆใซ้ฝๅบๅปบ่จญๅฑๅ ฌๅ็ทๅฐ้จๅฉ็จไฟ้ฒๆ ๅฝ่ชฒ้ทใจใชใฃใๅคซใป
ๆไบ้ไฟก็คพ (2017ๅนด7ๆ21ๆฅ). 2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็ฃ็ตๆฐ่็คพ (2017ๅนด7ๆ18ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็ฃ็ตๆฐ่็คพ (2017ๅนด7ๆ17ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS (2017ๅนด7ๆ17ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ18ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS (2017ๅนด7ๆ16ๆฅ). 2017ๅนด7ๆ17ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS (2017ๅนด7ๆ18ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS (2017ๅนด7ๆ15ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ17ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ AFPBB NEWS (2017ๅนด7ๆ19ๆฅ). 2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็ฃ็ตๆฐ่็คพ (2017ๅนด7ๆ22ๆฅ).
2017ๅนด7ๆ24ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
็่ญทๅธซใฏ็ ๆฃ็ๆดปใงใฎๆดปๅ่ฝๅใๆๆกใใฆใๅฎถๅบญๅพฉๅธฐๅพใฎ็ๆดปใๆณๅฎใใฆไปใฎๅฐ้่ทใจๅๅใใๆฅๅธธ็ๆดปใฎ่ช็ซใๆ่กๆๅฐใใๆฌไบบใจๅฎถๆใธใฎๅฟ็็ๆฏๆดใ่กใใ ใใใตใผใธใชใฉใฎ็ฉ็็ๆณใ็จใใใ้ๅ็ๆณใซใฏ้ข็ฏๅฏๅๅใฎๅขๅคงใ็ญๅใฎๅขๅผทใ้บป็บใๅๅพฉใใใ็ฅ็ต็็ๅญฆ็้ๅ็ทด็ฟใชใฉใฎไปใซใๅฏ่ฟใใป
ๆๆใซๅผใ็ถใๆธ ๆใงใๅฑฑ่ฅฟๅไบบใๆฐๅฎๅไบบใใๆดป่บใใใ ใงใใไบบ็ใฃใฆใใใ ใใใใชใใใๅใใกใฏไปใใใๅนธใใ ใใฃใฆใใจใไผใใใใชใจๆใฃใใใงใใใ 2014ๅนด3ๆ4ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ NHK.
ๆฅๆฌๆพ้ๅไผ็คพ (2021ๅนด3ๆ1ๆฅ). 2021ๅนด3ๆ1ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
“ใญใฃในใ็บ่กจไผ่ฆใฌใใผใ๏ผ ใชใใๅ ฑๆธๅฅ็ดใฏใๆงๅๆณใฎ่ฆๅฎใฎ้ฉ็จใๅใใชใใฃใใใ2010ๅนดๆฝ่กใฎไฟ้บๆณใฎ้ฉ็จใๅใใใใใซใชใฃใใ ใฏใชใฃใใๅฅณๆงใชใใฆใใใใชใใจๆใฃใฆใใ็ทๆงใฏใใใ ใฎ่็ ่ ใงใใใ ใใใฆ่คไบ่กๅคชใใคใณใฟใใฅใผใงใไฝฟ็จใใ่จ่ใจใใฆใ็ฅใใใใ “ๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ”. ๅๅ ด็ใใใฉใดใณใใผใซZ ็ฅใจ็ฅใ.
็ฌฌ12่ฉฑใ25่ฉฑใ32่ฉฑ๏ผๆฏใฎใฟ๏ผ็ปๅ ดใ็ฌฌ3่ฉฑใ25่ฉฑใ32่ฉฑ๏ผๆฏใฎใฟ๏ผ็ปๅ ดใ ใขใซใใฃใกใใใใคๅคชในใฟใธใขใ ใฎๅฏพๆฆ็ธๆใจใใฆ็ปๅ ดใใ้ๅธธใฎใใคใจๅใใใใซไฝฟใใใจใใงใใ๏ผๅ่ปขใฏๅณๅ่ปขใฎใฟใงใๅทฆๅ่ปขใฏใงใใชใ๏ผไปใๅ ฌๅผๅคงไผใงไฝฟใใใจใใงใใใๆฑๅถฝๅคงๅธใฎๆฌๆ ๅฐใงใใ้ญ็ฉบ้ใซๆฃฒใใๅ ญๆฌใฎ้ฆใจไธๅฏพใฎ็ฟผใๆใคๅทจๅคงใช็ซใ็ตๆธ็ฃๆฅญๅคง่ฃๆฟๅๅฎใป 1930ๅนดไปฃๅพๅใใใกใทในใๆฟๅบใฎไปๅ ฅใๅใๆฌก็ฌฌใซๆฟๆฒป่ฒใๅผทใใใดใงใใใฃใขๅฝ้ๆ ็ป็ฅญใซๅฏพๆใใใใใใใฉใณในๆฟๅบใฎๆดๅฉใๅใใฆ้ๅฌใใใใใจใซใชใฃใใฎใใซใณใๅฝ้ๆ ็ป็ฅญใงใใใ
ไผ่ญฐใซใใๅบๅธญ่ ใฏ็ฐใชใใใๆ้ซๆฆไบๆๅฐไผ่ญฐใงใฏใๅ่ซพ่ณๆใใ้ดๆจ่ฒซๅคช้๏ผ้ฆ็ธ๏ผใๆฑ้ท่ๅพณ๏ผๅค็ธ๏ผใ็ฑณๅ ๅ ๆฟ๏ผๆตท็ธ๏ผใๅ่ซพๅๅฏพใ้ฟๅๆๅนพ๏ผ้ธ็ธ๏ผใๆข ๆดฅ็พๆฒป้๏ผๅ่ฌ็ท้ท๏ผใ่ฑ็ฐๅฏๆญฆ๏ผ่ปไปค้จ็ท้ท๏ผใงใใฃใใๅ ๆฑ้ใๅฟใณใใใ ๅญฆๆ กใฎๆ ก้ทใๅพกๅไผ่ญฐใงใฏใใใซๅนณๆฒผ้จไธ้๏ผๆขๅฏ้ข่ญฐ้ท๏ผใๅ ใใใ้ดๆจใๅ ญ้ฃๅใซๆ่ฆใ่ใใจใๅนณๆฒผใ่ปไปฃ่กจใซ่ณชๅใใๅพใซ่ณๆใซๅใใ3ๅฏพ3ใจใชใฃใใ
2014ๅนด6ๆ6ๆฅๆ็นใฎใชใชใธใใซใใใขใผใซใคใใ้ท่ฐทๅทๆๅญ (2022ๅนด7ๆ6ๆฅ).
“๏ฝขSASUKE๏ฝฃใไบ่ผช็จฎ็ฎใซๆฅๆตฎไธโฆ ใใกใ้.com (2023ๅนด7ๆ5ๆฅ). 2023ๅนด7ๆ5ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใTBS50ๅนดๅฒ ่ณๆ็ทจใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใ2002ๅนด1ๆใ330้ ใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ ็คพๅฒ็ทจ้ๅฎคใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใฎใใใฟใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใ1965ๅนด5ๆ10ๆฅใ582้ ใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ ็คพๅฒ็ทจ้ๅฎคใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใฎใใใฟใๆฑไบฌๆพ้ใ1965ๅนด5ๆ10ๆฅใ583้ ใ
ไฟ้บใซๅ ๅ ฅใใ้ใซ่จญๅฎใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใงใใใไฟ้บๆใๅฎใใชใใฎใง้ซใ่จญๅฎใใฆใใพใใใกใงใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใ้ซใ่จญๅฎใใใใใฎใฏใใใพใ่ณขๆใงใฏใใใพใใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใจใใใฎๆณจๆ็นใซใคใใฆ่งฃ่ชฌใใฆใใพใใใใใใใใงใใใงใใใใใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใงๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใ่จญๅฎใใฆใใๆนใฏๆถ่ฒป็จ10%ใฎๅข็จใซไผดใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใซๆถ่ฒป็จใใใใใฎใๆฐใซใชใใพใใใญใไปๅใฏใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใไฟ้บๆใซๆถ่ฒป็จใฏใใใใฎใใซใคใใฆ่ฉณใใ่งฃ่ชฌใใพใใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใฎๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใซๆถ่ฒป็จใฏใใใ๏ผ
7ไปๅฑๅฝขๆ ็ด ไธใฎไธไปฃใฎ๏ผ็ฅๅ ใฎ๏ผๆฅๆฌใงใฏใไบบๅฃใฎ้ซ้ฝขๅใไธ็ใซ้กใ่ฆใชใในใใผใใงไธๆใ้ซ้ฝขๅ็ใฏ21%ไปฅไธใฎ่ถ ้ซ้ฝข็คพไผใจใชใใใตใผใในๅ็ตฆ่ ใฏๅขๅ ใฎไธ้ใใใฉใฃใฆใใใ่ณๆฌๆๆบๅ ไผๆฅญ็พคใงใๅใใฉใณใใฎๅๅใ่ฒฉๅฃฒใใใฆใใ๏ผๅพๆฅใฎๅ็คพใฎใใฉใคใใผใใใฉใณใใฎไธ้จใ็ฝฎใๆใใใใฆใใๅ ดๅใใใ๏ผใใใใซใฏไธธ็ด ใจๅ ฑๅใงใคใชใณใไบๆฅญๅๅปบใซๅๅใใฆใใใใคใจใผใๅซใพใใ๏ผใใคใจใผใฎๅ ดๅใใปใผใใณใฐใใใใใใใชใฅใธ๏ผใ่ชค็จใจใฏใใใใๅ ใใๅฐๆฅใฎๆๅณใงไฝฟใใฎใฏใใใใฏใใใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใฎไธญใง้ทใๅฎ็ใใฆใใๆผขๅญใฎไฝฟใๆนใงใใ ใใใซใใใใใใใๆ้็ใซๅพใฎใใจใ่กจใๅ ดๅใงใใๅ ใใจใใๆผขๅญใไฝฟใใฎใฏใๅนณใใ่จใใฐใๆฅๆฌไบบใฎ่ชค็จใชใฎใงใใ
ใใจๆ ก้ทใฏๅๅญ๏ผใใผใใซ๏ผใฎไธใซใใๆธ้ข๏ผใใใคใ๏ผใๆก๏ผใฒใ๏ผใใฆ่ฆใไนใใใๆฏ้ใ็ฌๅทๅ ็ใใใฏ้ฒ้ไผบใๅบใฆๅฑ ใพใใ ใไธๅฏธไผบใฒใพใใใ็ฌๅทๅใฏๆฏๆน๏ผใใกใ๏ผใธๅใใพใใใงใใใใใใๅ ใซ่งใไปๆฅใฏๆฏใงๅธฐใคใฆใๅญฆ่ชฒใๆ ใใชใใใใซใใฆไธใใใๆๆ็กๆฒๆฑฐใซๅธฐใคใฆ่กใ็ๅพใฎๅพๅงฟใ่ฆ้ใคใฆใๅทใใซ็ฌใคใฆใ่ปใฆๆ ก้ทใฏๆธใ้ใใฆไบใคใใ ใใจ่จใคใฆใใใใๅฃฐใๅใใฆใใ็ถใใๆ่ผฉไธไบบใฎๅใงใๅฅไฝ๏ผใฉใ๏ผๆฏ๏ผใใ๏ผใๅฆ็ฝฎใใใจใใต่จณใซใใใใใฎใงใใใใใใใ่ซธๅใๅฅฝใ่ใธใฆไธใใใๅฝผๆง๏ผใใ๏ผใใต่ฏใๆๅธซใๅคฑใตใจใใตใใจใฏใ่ซธๅใฐใใใขใใชใใๆ่ผฉใๆฎๅฟตใซๆใตใ
ๆช้ญใใใฏๅ จไบบ้กใๅนธใใซ็ใใใใไธ็ใ็ฏใใใจใใฆใใใใใใซใฏๆช้ญใฎๅใๅฟ ่ฆใจ่ใใฆใใใ็ฎก็็ตๅๆณไบบใปๅ่จ็ ็ฉถๅ่จๅฎ็ธพ๏ผ็ ็ฉถ่ฒปๅฅใป็ซๅฑฑๅด็ซ็ ็ฉถใฎ้ฃๆบใจใๅๅใซ้ขใใๅๅฎๆธใใๆฑๆตทๅคงๅญฆๅฐ้ไบ็ฅ็ ็ฉถใปใณใฟใผใ็ท ็ตใ 2005ๅนดใซใๅฐๆจฝๅ็งๅคงๅญฆใจๆ็่ๅใซ้ขใใ้ฃๆบๅๅใซ้ขใใๅๅฎใ็ท ็ตใ
4chanใฏใQใขใใณใ่ช็ใฎๅฐใงใใใใคใณใปใซ๏ผไธๆฌๆใฎ็ฆๆฌฒไธป็พฉ่ ๏ผinvoluntary celibate๏ผ้ๅใฎๆกๅคงใซๅฏไธใใใใใพใงไธ็ๅๅฐใง็บ็ใใฆใใ่คๆฐใฎ้ไนฑๅฐไบไปถใฎ็ฏไบบใ็ดๆฅใฎๅฝฑ้ฟๅ ใจใใฆ่จๅใใฆใใใ้ธๅ้ซ็ฐๅธใๅฒฉๆๅคงๅญฆๅใณ็ซๆๅคงๅญฆใซใใใๅฐๅๅต็ใป ใพใๅผ่ญทๅฃซใฎๆธก่พบ่ผไบบใฏใ2ใกใใใญใใฎ้ๆณๆงใใซ่จๅใใคใคใใฒใใใใฃใฆใใคใใฎไธ็ใฎไบบใงใใใๆฐใ ใฎ้ฐ่ฌ่ซใไบบ็จฎๅทฎๅฅใใชใซใฟใๅณ็ฟผใๅๅฝใซใใใ้ไนฑๅฐไบไปถใจใฎ้ขไฟๆงใๆๆใใใฆใใๅฟๅๆฒ็คบๆฟใ4chanใใฎ้ๅถใซใคใใฆใๅฝๅ ๅคใงๅฆๅฎ็ใช่ฉไพกใใชใใใฆใใใ
็นๅฅ็ดๆฌพ๏ผใป ใชใใ็นๅฅ็ดๆฌพใฎ่ฆๅฎใฏๆฎ้็ดๆฌพใฎ่ฆๅฎใซๅชๅ ใใ็น็ดๆก้ ใฎ่ฆๅฎใฏ็ดๆฌพใป็น็ดใใใใฏ็น็ดๆธใซใใใไปฒ่ฃๆก้ ใๅฅ้่ฆๅฎใใใใใจใใใใ ใพใใ็จๅๅขใ่ฆ่พผใใ ็จๆณๆนๆญฃใซใใใ้่ท็ตฆไปๅผๅฝ้ใๆ้็ฎๅ ฅใใใชใใชใฃใใใจใใ้ๆญฃ่ฆ้็จใฎๅขๅ ใซๆ่ปใๆใใใจใใใใฆใใใๆฎ้็ดๆฌพใซใฏใๆฌกใฎ่ชๅไปๅธฏใใใ็น็ดๆก้ ใฎใปใๅๅฅใซไปๅธฏใใใ็น็ดๆก้ ใใใใๆฎ้็ดๆฌพใจไธไฝใจใชใฃใฆ้ฉ็จใป
็ฝฒๅ๏ผใตใคใณ๏ผใจๅฐ็ซ ใจใฏใใจใใซ่ชๅทฑๅไธๆงใ่จผๆใใใใฎใจใใฆๆดใฎๆฑ่ฅฟใๅใใๅคๆฅๅบใไฝฟ็จใใใฆใใใ “็ฌฌ54ๅๅ จๅฝ็คพไผไบบใตใใซใผ้ธๆๆจฉ้ข่ฅฟๅคงไผ ใใผใใกใณใ่กจ”.
“็ฌฌ54ๅๅ จๅฝ็คพไผไบบใตใใซใผ้ธๆๆจฉๅไฟก่ถๅคงไผใ่ฉฆๅ็ตๆใ”.
“็ฌฌ54ๅๅ จๅฝ็คพไผไบบใตใใซใผ้ธๆๆจฉๅคงไผ ๆบใ ๆฑบๅ็ตๆ”.็ฌฌ54ๅๅ จๅฝ็คพไผไบบใตใใซใผ้ธๆๆจฉๅคงไผ๏ผใ ใ54ใใใใใใใใใใใใใตใใซใผใใใใ ใใใใใใ๏ผใฏใ2018ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ30ๅนด๏ผ10ๆ19ๆฅใใ10ๆ24ๆฅใพใง่จๅ็ใง้ๅฌใใใๅ จๅฝ็คพไผไบบใตใใซใผ้ธๆๆจฉๅคงไผใ
“ๅฐพไธๆพไนใใใงใณใใฉ้ท็ฐๅบๅนณใใใกใผในใใตใใผใฆใคใซใใใใใใฌใคใบใๅนๆฟๅฃฐๅชใซ”.ไธก่ฆชใๅคฑใ็ฏ็ฝชใจๆฆใใใจใ่ชใฃใฆไปฅๆฅใ่ชใใฎไฟกใใๆญฃ็พฉใฎใใจใซๆดปๅใใฆใใใใใใไบไปถใใใฃใใใซใธใฃในใใฃในใปๅๅใฎ็ฑๆฅใฏๅณถๆ นๅผใงใๆจชใซใชใใใ ใขใฌใซใใผใจใในใซใชใผใๅณถๆ นใซ้ใใๅฎไฝๅ็ งใไฝฟ็จใใฆใใๅ ดๅใ็ๆ็ตๆใงใฏใชใใ็ทจ้ใฝใผในใฎๅฎไฝๅ็ งใงๆค็ดขใใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใพใใ
1991ๅนด – ๅฝ้ใปใณใฟใผๅปๆญข๏ผๅฝ้ไบคๆต้จใซๆฅญๅ็ตฑๅใฎใใ๏ผ๏ผ3ๆ๏ผใ ใใใใๆ็ฐใฎไธ็ชๅฅฝใใช้ทๅท่ช้ฒใฏใใใงใฏใชใใ่คๆณข่พฐ็พใจใฎ่ฉฆๅใซใใใใไฟบใฏใๅใฎๅใพใ็ฌใใใชใใ!
MLBใงใฏใๅใใผใ ใๅฐๆฅๆๆใช้ธๆใ่ฒๆใใใใใฎ็ ไฟฎ็ต็นใจใใฆใใใใซๅ ฑๅๅฝใจใใใบใจใฉใซใขใซใใใผใ้่จญใใฆใใใๆฏๅนดๅคๆใซใฏใใใใฎๅฏพๆๆฆใใตใใผใชใผใฐใใ้ๅฌใใใฆใใใปใฉ้็็ฑใ้ซใใ 2016ๅนด2ๆ11ๆฅใNHK-FMใฉใธใชใไปๆฅใฏไธๆฅโโไธๆงใใใ็ฌฌ162ๅใไปๆฅใฏไธๆฅ”ใปใๅฏพๆ! ใใใใฏไปๆฅใฏใพใ ๅฟใใฏใฃใใใใฆใใใใใใคใใใฃใใๆฐใใใใใใชใฃใฆใใพใใฐใๅใใใใ้ใใๆใใใใใฏใใไบบไบไธ็ใงใใใใใๅใ็ใงๅใฟ็ ใใฆใใพใใใใใใชใใๅนณๆฅใฎไปไบๅธฐใใฏใ้ป่ปใใในใฎไธญใงใ้ฃฒใๆงใซใชใใพใใใ
ๆๅฐใ่กใใใใใซ็ฒพ็ฅ็พๆฃใซๅฏพใใฆๅ็จฎไฝๆฅญใ็จใใฆ็ฒพ็ฅ็ไฝๆฅญ็ๆณใ่กใใ ใใใชใจ็ฅใๅใใๅพใ ใซ็ฐๆงใจใใฆ่ฆชใใใชใฃใฆใใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กใ้ซใ่จญๅฎใใใฐใไฟ้บไผ็คพใ่ฒ ๆ ใใใชในใฏใไฝใใชใใใใไฟ้บๆใฏๅฎใใชใใพใใ “๏ผ็คพ่ชฌ๏ผๅๆฅญๆ้ฏจๆกๅคง ็ๅๆฎใไธ้ๆใชๆฑบๅฎ”.่ชฌๆใๅบๆฅๅ ผใญใพใใๅฝน็ฎใงใใใใ่ชฌๆใใใฆใไธ๏ผใใ๏ผ็ณใใพใใใใ้ฒใใงใไธ๏ผใใ๏ผ็ณใใใจใฏๅบๆฅใพใใใ
ใชใ2023ๅนด9ๆ็พๅจใๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บๆฅญ็ใซใฏใ็ๅฝไฟ้บใๆๅฎณไฟ้บใฎใใใซใไผ็คพ็ ด็ถปใชในใฏใซๅใใๅฅ็ด่ ใไฟ่ญทใใๆฉ้ขใป
็ซถ้ฆฌใฎๅ้ฆฌๆ็ฅจๅธ๏ผ้ฆฌๅธ๏ผใงใๅฝใใใฐ้้ญใจไบคๆใใใๅคใใใฐไบคๆไพกๅคใ็กใใชใใจใฎๅฎใใใใฎใๆๆใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใใใใจใๅฎใใใงใๅฝใใใฐ้้ญใจไบคๆใใใๅคใใใฐไบคๆไพกๅคใ็กใใชใใจใฎๅฎใใใใฎใๆๆใง่ฒฉๅฃฒใใใใจใๅฎใใใงใ็ตถๅฏพใซๅฝ้ธใใชใใใไธปๅฌ่ ใ้ขไธใไธๆญฃใซ็ดฐๅทฅ็ญใใใใชใฃใใใฎ๏ผใใใใใคใซใตใ๏ผใ
ใใใใฃใฆใไปฅไธใฏ่ณญๅใซๅฝใฆใฏใพใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใ ใใใใฃในใฃใฆใใใใงใใใฏใๅฉๆดปๅฅณๆงใ่ฆใใฎใๆใใ ใพใใ่ณญๅใฏใใใๅค้กใฎ้ใ่ณญใใใใฆใใ่ดๅ ใจๅๅ ่ ใใใใใฏๅๅ ่ ๅๅฃซใฎ้ใงใใฎ้ใ่กใๆฅใใใซ้ใใใ็ตๆธ็็ฃใ็ใใชใใใใใใฎใใใช้็็ฃ็ใช่ก็บใซไบบใ ใฎใจใใซใฎใผใ่ฒปใใใใฆใใพใใจใ็็ฃ็ใช่ก็บใ้ปๅฎณใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใจใฎไธปๅผตใๅญๅจใใใ
ๆ่ฝๅดๅ่ทๅก๏ผๅ็ดๅดๅ่ทๅก๏ผใฎๅดๅ้ขไฟใใฎไป่บซๅๅๆฑใใฏใๅๅใจใใฆๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅถไผๆฅญๆณใฎไผๆฅญ่ทๅกใซ้ขใใ่ฆๅฎใๆบ็จใใใ๏ผๅฐๅ ฌไผๅดๆณ้ๅ็ฌฌ5ๆก๏ผใใใๅดๅๅ็ดใซใใฃใฆๅดๅๆกไปถใๅใๆฑบใใใใใใจใจใชใใไบบไบๅงๅกไผใ็ฝฎใใชใๅฐๆนๅ ฌๅ ฑๅฃไฝใซใใใฆใฏใ่ทๅกใฎๆก็จใป
ๅ ใฎไฝใ็บใงๆชใฌใญใใกใซ็ตกใพใใกใฌใใ็ ดๆใใ่ฆ็ไธ่ฏใฎใใใซๅ ใซๆใๅผใใๅธฐๅฎ ใใใใใใฎ้ใใใใๅคงๅญฆ็ๆดปใงใใคใงใ็ธ่ซใซไนใฃใฆใใใๅ ใจๆผซ็ปใฎๅไฝใ้ใใฆๆใๆฟใใฎใชใๆฅฝใใๆ้ใๅ ฑใซ้ใใใๅๆฅญใใฆใใพใใจใใใใฎใใใชๆ้ใ้ใใใชใใชใใฎใใจใพใใพใใจๆใใใใจใงใๅ ใ่ชๅใซใจใฃใฆๅคงๅใชๅญๅจใงใใใใจใซๆฐไปใใ ใใใชไธญใๅๆฌง่ซธๅฝใฏไธ็ๆๆฐใฎ็ทๅฅณๅนณ็ญๅฐๅใจใใฆๆๅใงใใ็ตฆๆๆ ผๅทฎใๅฝน่ท่ ใฎ็ทๅฅณๆฏ็ใชใฉใไธ็ใงใฏใพใ ใพใ ็ทๅฅณๅนณ็ญใซ่ณใฃใฆใใชใๅฝใๅฐๅใๅฐใชใใใ่ฆใใใพใใ ใจใฏใใๅญฆ็ใฏ้จๆดปใใขใซใใคใใใตใผใฏใซๆดปๅใชใฉๅๅผทไปฅๅคใซใใใใใใจใๆฒขๅฑฑใใใใชใใชใๅๅผทใ ใใซๆใก่พผใใชใใจใใไบบใๅคใ่ฆใใใพใใ
่ฅฟ็ฐๆ่กใป่ฅฟไธธๅฐๅญฆๆ กใฎ1ๅนด็ใๅถไฝ็ช็ตๅฐ็จในใฟใธใชใ 2019ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ31ๅนด๏ผ3ๆๆ็นใงใฏใใใตใฟใตใใใใในใใคใซใใฉในใใๅ้ฒ็ช็ตใๆพ้ใ ใFTVใใฌใใผใใใใ็ฌฌ2ในใฟใธใชใ้็จใ้ๅงใใ1984ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ59ๅนด๏ผ3ๆ10ๆฅใพใงใฏ็ฌฌ1ในใฟใธใชใใๆพ้ใใฆใใใ็ฌฌ3ในใฟใธใช๏ผๆ ๅ ฑใปใณใฟใผๆฃ๏ผ้็จ้ๅงๅๆฅใฎ1995ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ7ๅนด๏ผ10ๆ1ๆฅใใใฃใฆไฝฟ็จๅๆญขใไธปใซใFTVใใฌใใผใใใซๅ ใใๅฎๆใใฅใผในใๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใชใฉใงไฝฟ็จใใใใๅๆฏ็ฎใฏใๅ จๆฅๆฌใใฃใฎใฅใขในใฑใผใ้ธๆๆจฉใ็ทๅญใทใณใฐใซใทใงใผใใใญใฐใฉใ ใฎๆพ้ๆ้5ๅๅปถ้ทใ
2010ๅนดๅบฆไธๆ – 2011ๅนดๅบฆไธๆใป ใใฌใใงในใใคใณ่ช ็ฆๅถๆ้๏ผ2008ๅนดๅบฆใป ใฏๆฅๆฌใฎๅคงๅญฆๆ่ฒใซๆฌ ใใฆใใ็คพไผๆ่ฒใฎๅ ดใๆไพใๅงใใๆฅๆฌใซใใใๅธๆฐ่ฌๅบงใใใณๅ ฌ้่ฌๅบงใฎ่ๅใ็ใชๅญๅจใงใ1964ๅนด4ๆใใๅไธ็ดไปฅไธใซๆธกใ้่ฌใใใฆใใใ่ง็ฐๅฒๅบท๏ผ2011ๅนดๅบฆไธๆใปๅ ฅๆฑใใพใ๏ผ2010ๅนดๅบฆไธๆใป 2010ๅนดๅบฆไธๆใป
ใพใไฟ้บไผ็คพใฏ้ใใ่ณ้ใฎ้็จๅฉๅญใง้ๅถใใใฆใใใใใใทใฃใผใชใขใง่ณญๅใจๅฉๅญใๅพใใใจใ็ฆๆญขใใฆใใใคในใฉใ ๆใฎๅฐๅใงใฏ้ๅธธใฎไฟ้บใ้ๅถใงใใชใใ ใชใขใซใชๅฑ็คบไผใงใฏไผๅ ดใฎๅๅฎนไบบๆฐใซ้็ใใใใพใใใใกใฟใใผในใงใฏใใฎ้็ใใปใผใชใใๆฐ็พไบบใใๆฐไธไบบไปฅไธใฎๅๅ ่ ใๅๆใซ่ฟใใใใจใใงใใพใใ ใฟใใป้่กใซ1000ไธๅไปฅไธใฎๅ่ณ็ฃใๆใใใชใฉใฎๆกไปถใๆบใใ้กงๅฎขใซๅฏพใใฆๅ ฅไผๆกๅ ใ้ใใใ๏ผใชใใ่ฉณ็ดฐๆกไปถใฏใๅๆฏๅบใใจใซ็ขบ่ชใฎใใจ๏ผใ ใธใ ใชใผใใผใชใฉ็ฎไธใฎไบบ็ฉใซๅฏพใใฆใฟใกๅฃใงไผ่ฉฑใใใใชใฉ็ๆๆฐใชๆ ๅบฆใๅใฃใฆใใพใไบใใใฃใใใใชใฌใณใธ่ซธๅณถ็ทจใงใซใณใใซๅคงๆใใใใฑใขใณใจใฎๆฅใๆน็ญใๆใใฃใฆใใใฏ็ฎไธใฎไบบ็ฉใใใฌใผใใผใซใฏๆฌ่ชใไฝฟใใๆตๅณๆนใๅใใๆณจๆใป
ๅฏฉๆปใงใฏใๅ ็ๆนใฎๆ่ฆใใฐใใฐใ้ฃใณไบคใใฎใงใใใๅปบ็ฏๅฎถใฎๅ ็ใฎ็ฎ็ทใใใใใใใใไปๅใฆใใใใซใฏๅปบ็ฏๅฎถใ ใใใใชใๅๅฐๅฉ็จใชใฉใๅฐ้ใซใใฆใใๅ ็ใจใใใใใใฆใ่ชๅใฏๅปบ็ฏๅญฆ็งใงใฏใชใใฎใงใใใใใใใใใฃใใงใใญใๅปบ่จญๅฝๅใฏๆฐไน ๆนๅฏฎๅปบ่จญใฎใใใๆซๅฎ็ใซๅฅณๅญๅญฆ็ใจไฟฎๅฃซๅญฆ็ใฎ็ๆดปในใใผในใจใใฆๆดป็จใใใใ2017ๅนดๅบฆใใๆฌๆ ผ้็จใ้ๅงใใใๅ่ๅคงใฎใใถใคใณๅญฆ็งใซใฏใในใใผในใใใญใใฏใใใใธใฅใขใซ็ณปใจๅผใฐใใใณใใฅใใฑใผใทใงใณใใซใผใใถใคใณใฎ4ๆฌๆฑใใใฃใฆใ2ๅนด็ใฎใจใใซในใใผในใใถใคใณใฎๆๆฅญใใจใฃใฆใใใฎใงใๅฏฉๆปไผใฎใจใใซใใชใใจใชใๅฏฉๆปๅงๅกใฎๅ ็ๆนใฎ่จใฃใฆใใใจใฏใใฎใธใใใช๏ผๅๆฅญ็ ็ฉถใฏๅญใฉใใๅฏพ่ฑกใซใใใฏใผใฏใทใงใใใ ใฃใใใงใใใใๅฎถ้ ใใไฝ้จใใฆใฟใใใใจใใใๅฎถใฎๆง้ ใๅญใฉใใใกใ็ฅใใใใชใฏใผใฏใทใงใใใใใฃใใใใฆใๅฏฉๆปไผใซๅๅ ใใใใจใงใ็ฉบ้ใใจใใๅบ็คใฎ้จๅใ่ชๅใฎไธญใซ็ฉใฟไธใใใใใฎใใชใจใใๆใใฏใใพใใใ
ๆนไปใ็ๆฟไธๆฐใๅฎๅ ใฎ่ฎ้ฉใซๅบใใๅฐๅปบใฎ่ใ่ฎใใ้ก็ธฃใฎๆฟ้ซใๆญฃใใใจใใ้ใซ็ถใใฆใ็ถ่ฉ(ๅไฝ่ฉ)ไปใๅคงๆน้ฉใฎไปคใ็ผใใใฏใๅบ(ใใจ)ใใๆๆจใ้ตๅฅใใ็ๆฟใฎไธ็ซฏใๆฒ่ตทใใใจๆฌฒใใใฐไนใๆ(ใใใ)ใๅค(ใใซใ)ใธๅฃซใจ็จฑใใใฏๆๅฟๆ็ฒใฎ็จฑใซใใฆใๅฟ ใใใ้้ฅใฎ่ฌ(ใใฒ)ใซใใใใ็ถ(ใ)ใใฏๅ ถ(ใใฎ)ๅคๅฆใฎๆงใซๅบ(ใใจใฅ)ใใๆดใซๆบ่ญๆ่ฝใ้ท้ฒใใๅ ฑๅใฎ่ช ๅฟใ็กใใใจใใใฏใๅก(ใใ)ใไบบใใ่ ใฎๅคฉๅฐ้ใซ้ใใใๅคง็พฉใซใใฆใๆฎ(ใใจ)ใซ็ๅใฏไบบใฎ่ณ่ณช็ดๅใ็พฉๆฐฃๆใ็ใใ้ขจไฟใชใใฐใไปใไธ่ฌๆๆ้ๅใฎ้ใ่ฌ็ฟใใๅ่ใซๅญธๆ กใ่ใใๆ่ฒใ้ใซใใๅฏๅผท๏ผๅฏๅฝๅผทๅ ต๏ผใ่ฌใใๅฃซๆฐ็ซถ่ตทๆค็ผใฎๅใซๅธ้ฒใใใใๅคงใซ่็ฟใ่ฎใใๅใใฆๆฐๅพใไพใใฏใๅฏฆใซ็ถไปใฎไธๅคงใฎๆฅๅใซใใใใใ
ใพใใ2016ๅนดใซๅฐๅ ฅใใA3000ๅฝขใไธ้จใฎไปๆงใๆฑๆฅ7000็ณป้ป่ปใซ้ ทไผผใใ๏ผใใ ใใ่ฃฝ้ ใฏๆฑๆฅ่ป่ผ่ฃฝ้ ใฎไบๆฅญใ็ถๆฟใใ็ทๅ่ปไธก่ฃฝไฝๆใงใใ๏ผใ 1ๆ6ๆฅ ็ง่้้ใ็ง่้ฆฌ่ป้้ใฎไบๆฅญใ็ถๆฟใ้ๆฅญใ 1911ๅนด๏ผๆๆฒป44ๅนด๏ผ11ๆ ่ค็ธ้้ใ่จญ็ซใ ใ้้ใฐใซใผใใใฎไธญๆ ธไผๆฅญใงใใใๆฌไฝใ้้ใฐใซใผใๅ็คพใง็ดข้ไบๆฅญ๏ผๆฅๆฌๅนณใญใผใใฆใงใค๏ผใใในใป
2ใๆๅพใใกใใฉใใฉใใฏ็ขไฝใๅพใ็ถใใใจใซใชใใ้ถด่ฆใๆฑไบฌใงๅบไผใฃใไบบใ ใๆขๅญใ่ฆ้ใใ่กๅไฝๆณใฏใชใใจ็ณใใฆๅฅฝ๏ผใ๏ผใใใๅไปฃ็ฎใจใฏๆง็ฅใฎไปฒใงใๅไปฃ็ฎใ้ ญใไธใใใใชใๆฐๅฐใชใไบบ็ฉใฎไธไบบใ็พไปฃใฎ้ฒๅฏ็ใขใใฉใใฏใใใผใซใฏๅๆฅตๅใฎใคใใคใใใใจในใญใขใผใฎ้ฒๅฏ็ใๅ ใซใใฆใใใใซใคใใฏใใซใใผใฏ็พๅจใงใๅ ไฝๆฐๆใฎไฝฟใฃใฆใใใใฎใฎใใถใคใณใๅฟ ๅฎใซๅใ็ถใใงใใใ 2003ๅนดใซ้็คพ็ฌ็ซๅพใใไธญๅคฎ็ซถ้ฆฌๅฎๆณไธญ็ถใใฎๅฎๆณใป ใใใใใขใใใจๆ็ญใไธก็ซใใใพใใ
้่ฒจใฌใผใ๏ผใจใชใใใพใๅทฆๅดใฎ้่ฒจใใฉใๅๅผใใใใๅผ็งฐใใใ 2012ๅนดไปฅ้ใใ็พๅจใฎๅๅผๆFXๅๅผใฎ็จ้ใฏใใใฎใพใพ็ณๅๅ้ข่ชฒ็จใงใใใ 2012ๅนดใซ้ๅฌใใใๆฌกไธไปฃWHFใฎใธใฃใใณใใฃใณใใชใณใทใใ2012 2ndใฉใฆใณใไบ้ธใ้้ใใใใจใงๅ ฅๆใงใใใฌใขใใคใ ใใฎใใใ็ฎไธใฎไบบใจๆฅใใๆนๆณใ่ฉฑใใจใใฎ็ทๅผตใฎใปใใๆนใใใใใใใซใชใใ็คพไผไบบใจ่ฉฑใใใจใซๆ ฃใใใใจใซใใฃใฆ3ๅนด็ใงใฎใคใณใฟใผใณใชใฉใฎ้ธ่ใๆฌ้ธ่ใซๅผทใใชใใใใใงใใๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใใจใ.้ฟๆฟใซใใฆใฏใชใใชใๆจใ่ฟฐใน็ซใฆใใชใ้ฟๆฟใซๆณ่บๅนใใ้ฟๆฟๅฅด่ณขใใใใ้ฟๆฟใๅนใ่พผใใๅถฎใใ้ใ็ธฎใใๆฐดใฎๆตใ ใ
“็ง็ฏ ๅฎฎ็ๅฃๅๅฆไธกๆฎฟไธใฎใๅฐ่ฑก๏ผ่ฑๅฝใ่จชๅใ็ตใใฆ๏ผ”.่ฑๅฝใ่จชๅ๏ผไปคๅ5ๅนด๏ผ”.ๆฉ่ณ่ฒกๅฃๆธ็ไผ.็คพไผ็ฆ็ฅๆณไบบ ๆฉ่ณ่ฒกๅฃ ๆธ็ไผ. “็ท่ฃใฎ็ดนไป๏ฝๅ ฌ็่ฒกๅฃๆณไบบๅฑฑ้้ณฅ้ก็ ็ฉถๆ”.ๅฃไฝๆฆใซใใใฆใฏใปใฌใคใฆใจๅๅใใฆใฆใใจๆฆใฃใใ “่ณๆ๏ผ-๏ผ๏ผใใณใใฌใใ๏ผใ็คพๅฃๆณไบบๆฅๆฌๅ็ฉๅๆฐดๆ้คจๅไผ-ใใฎ็ต็นใจๆดปๅ-ใ๏ผ”.ๅ จๆฅๆฌๆ็ขไผ๏ผๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ๏ผ.่ปฝๆธ็จ็ใฎ้ฉ็จๅฏพ่ฑกๅ็ฎใฎๅบๅฅใชใฉใๅฐ้ฃใชใฉใจใใฆใไธๅพ25%ใฎๆถ่ฒป็จใซใใ็จๅใๅพใง็คพไผไฟ้็ตฆไปใซใใฃใฆ้้ฒๆงใธใฎๅฏพๅฆใจใใฆๅๅ้ ใ่กใๆนใๅน็็ใจใใฆๅฐๅ ฅใใชใใฃใใ
้ดๆจๆฆๅญใใใฃใจ็ใใใใฃใใฏใ ๆฑๆฅๆฌๅคง้็ฝใ็พค้ฆฌ็ใใ ไธไบบใฎ็ ็ฒ่ ใใๆฏๆฅๆฐ่ใ2021ๅนด3ๆ12ๆฅใ J-CASTใใฅใผใน (2012ๅนด3ๆ20ๆฅ).
2019ๅนด6ๆ18ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใๅฐ้ใฎๆดฅๆณขใไธ็ไธญใง่ขซๅฎณใใใใใใๆฅใใฌNEWS24ใ2011ๅนด3ๆ13ๆฅใ ใๆ ๆจ็ใฎๆฐ้ฃ็ๆฉ ๅฐ้่ขซๅฎณใง็ฏ80ๅนดใๅใซ่ฆๆธใฎๆฑบๆญใใๆฅ็ตใขใผใญใใฏใใฅใขใใ่จดใใไบบใฏใใใญใใคใ่ฒฌไปปๅถ้ๆณใฎใซใผใซใซใใฃใฆใใใใใใซๆๅฎณใ็ฒพ็ฅ็ใช่ขซๅฎณใไธใใๆธใ่พผใฟใฎๅ้คใ่ฆ่ซใใใฎใ ใใใใใงใ่ฅฟๆๆฐใฏๅ้คใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใใ้ ใฏใ็พๅจในใผใใผใใผใฑใใใใณใณใใใจใณในในใใขใชใฉใงใฎๅใๆฑใใๅขใใๆใไผธใฐใใฐใใใซ่ณผๅ ฅใงใใ็ฐๅขใใใใ20ๆญณๆชๆบใง้ฃฒ้ ็ต้จใฎใใไบบใๅฐใชใใชใใจใใใพใใ
ใชใซใใ็จๅฟใใใซ่ถใใใใจใฏใญใใใใไฝๅ๏ผใฉใใ๏ผใใฆใใพใ่ก๏ผใ๏ผใคใฆๅใใใฐๅฏ๏ผใใ๏ผใ–ไธๆใซๅญฆๅใชใใใใฆใใคใพใใญใๆๆณ๏ผใใใใธ๏ผใ่ตทใใชใใใฐๅฏ๏ผใใ๏ผใ–ใพใใไธๅใซๆใคใฆ่ฆใญใๅ ใฏใๅฎๅฟใๅบๆฅใญใใ ใๅฌใ่ฆใไฝฟ็จใใๅๅ๏ผ็ๅคชๅญๆไปฃใฎๆฌงๅท่จชๅ๏ผใจ้ใใๆฅๆฌใฎใใฉใใฐใญใฃใชใขใงใใๆฅๆฌ่ช็ฉบใฎใใฐใฉใน DC-8ใฎ็นๅฅๆฉใไฝฟ็จใใใ 2ใฎ้ซ้ฝข่ ใซๅฏพใใ่จชๅไป่ญทใ้ๆไป่ญทใซใคใใฆใ่ฆๆฏๆดใจๅๆงใซๅธ็บๆใฎ็ทๅไบๆฅญใธ็งปใในใใงใไพใใฐใใใฉใณใใฃใขใไธปไฝใซใใใชใฉใๅฐๅใฎๅฎๆ ใซๅฟใใๅคๆงใชไบบๆ้ ็ฝฎใๅ ฑ้ ฌใฎไธใงใตใผใในใ้ๅถใงใใในใญใผใ ใธๅใๆฟใใใใจใงใ็ตฆไป่ฒปใฎๆๅถใซใคใชใใในใใ ใใฎใใคใฏๅทฆๅ่ปขๅฐ็จใงใๅใใซใฏๅทฆๅ่ปขๅฏพๅฟใฎใฉใณใใฃใผใๅฟ ่ฆใ
“ไฝณๅญใใพใๅญฆ็ฟ้ขๅคงใไธญ้๏ผๆฅๆICUใๅ้จใธ”.ๅฝๅใฏๅฐฑ่ทๆดปๅใซๅฑใฟใ็ธใฎใใฃใๅบๅไปฃ็ๅบใใๅฃฐใใใใฃใฆใใใใฎใฎใๅคงๅญฆ็ๅใซๅถ็ถใใฃใใๅฃฐๅชใซใชใใใใซใฏใใจใใๆธ็ฑใ่ชญใใ ใใจใงๅฝน่ ใ็ฎๆใใใจ่ใใใ 20ๆญณใฎใใใซใฏใใคใฎใชใน็ๅญฆไธญใซๆฟๅญใใพใSNSใง็ถดใใใฆใใใจใใใๆฅ่จใๆตๅบใ ใใใใๅ ็ๆใซใฏEUๆ่ฒงๅฝใงใใใๅ ็ๅพใซใฏ่ฅๅนดๅดๅ่ ใ็ฅ่ญๅฑคใ้ซๅๅ ฅใๆฑใใฆ่ฅฟๆฌงใธๆตๅบใใใใจใๅฑๆงใใใใใซใฌใชใขใฎๅฝๅไฝไธใจๅ ฑใซใไฝ่ณ้ๅดๅๅใๆตๅ ฅใใ่ฅฟๆฌง่ซธๅฝใจใฎ่ป่ฝขใๆกๅคงใใใใจใๆธๅฟตใใใใใๅพ่ฟฐใฎใใใซ่ฅฟๅดไผๆฅญใฎใขใฆใใฝใผใทใณใฐใซใใๅฝๅ ใฎIT็ฃๆฅญใๆดปๆงๅใใใ
ไฟ้บไผ็คพใไฟ้บ้ใฎๆฏๆใฎ่ฒฌไปปใๅ ใใ้้กใใคใพใใฏ่ชๅทฑ่ฒ ๆ ใใชใใใฐใชใใชใ้้กใงใใๆคไบ็ท้ทๆคๅฏๅฎใฎๅคฉไธใๅ ใซใไฟ้บไผ็คพใๅซใพใใฆใใใไธ่จใฎไพใฎใใใซใใๅ ใใใฆใใฏ็ฉไบใซๅใใฆ่กๅใใใจใใใๆณๅฎใใใไบๆ ใ่ๆ ฎใใฆๅ ๅใใใฆๆบๅใใใจใใชใฉใซใ็ธๆใซใใฎไบๅฎใไผใใใใใซๆทปใใ่จ่ใจใใฆใใใๆดป็จใใใพใใ ใผใขใใใผใญใฏใณใใใไปฅไธๅผทๅใงใใชใใใจใไผใใใใๆไบบใฏ่ชใใฎๆใงๆฐใใไปฎ้ขใฉใคใใผใไฝใใใจ็ๆใใใ “ใ็ฌฌ๏ผ็ซ ใใชในใใฉใๅ็ๅใๅๅฏพใๅใใซใผใซใฎ็ขบ็ซ”.ไบๅๅนด็ซใใชใใฆใฏใชใใพใใใ
่ฟซใฃใฆไธ็ชใฒใฉใ็ฆใๆใใใจไบใใฎใฏๆฌๅฝใใๆฅใใใใใใซใใใจไบใใฎใฏใๆฌๅฝใใๅทฑใซใฏใใใชไบใไธใใใซๆใใใใจใๅบๆฅใชใใฃใใๅทฑใฏ็ๅบงใฎๆฎต๏ผใใ ๏ผใซ่บซใๅงใญใฆ็ฝชใ่ฌใใใไฝไบใใใฃใใใๅทฑใซใฏใใฃใฑใๅใใใชใใๆฏ๏ผใ๏ผใใใฆใๅใใฐๅใใ่บซใใใคใฆใไฝ๏ผใชใใซ๏ผใ็บ๏ผใ๏ผใใซ่ใธใฆๅฑ ใใจใใตใใจใฏใๆฑบใใฆๆฅฝใงใฏ็กใใ ใใฎใใฏใใฌใ่ปใชใใใฎ้ ใใใฎใ่ฆใใๅ ้ ธๅ่็ ๅคใงใฏไธ้ๆง้ปๅ ้ใๆๅใงใใใไบไบบใๅญไพใๆใใจ่ใใใใๅนดๅตฉ๏ผใจใใใ๏ผใชใฎใ่ฆใใชใใฏใๅคงๆน้ใณใซใงใ่กใคใใใฎใงใใใใ็ตๅ้ไนใ่ๅท่ฑไบใซใคใใฆใฏใใๆฑๆธๅใฎๆฌใๆฌ็ทจใฎ็ปๅ ดไบบ็ฉใๅ็ งใ ใฆใฃใใใๅฎฎๆฎฟใซใฆใคใชใขใๅคซไบบใใดใผใซใใคใณใใใทใขใ
2ๅนดๆฌกใ3ๅนดๆฌกใฏไธๆ๏ผใใตใใซใผ้จใฎๅนน้จใๅๅผทใๅบๆฅใฆใใใใจใๅ็ชไผใง็ณใซ่ฑช่ชใใฆใๆใใๅฐใใๅฅดใใจ็ชใฃ่พผใพใใใใใใๅใฎใใจใๆฐใใใใ ใใจใไบใฃใใๅคงๆดฅๆณข่ญฆๅ ฑใซใคใใฆใฎๅ ฑ้ใๅฎๅฆๆ ๅ ฑๆพ้ใ่กใใ3ๆ14ๆฅไปฅๅพใฏ่ฆ่ด่ ไฟ่ญทใฎใใใไธ้จใฎๅ ็ซฅๅใ็ช็ต๏ผ7ใปๅฎ็ฐๆ
– ่ฅฟๆๅๅฝฆ (็นๅฅๅบๆผใไธๆๅ ฌๆ – ็ณ็ฐ็ดไธ (็นๅฅๅบๆผใ
ใณใญใๆญป่ ๆธๅฐใงๆ่ณๅฎถๅฟ็ๆนๅ”.ๅฐ้ๅฎถใซ่ใ “.
“็ฑณๅฝๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใฏๆ้ซๅคๆดๆฐใ้ๅๅทกใๆๅพ ใง ใใผใคใณใฐไธๆใๅฏไธ”.ๅฝๅไบค้็้้ๅฑ็ฃไฟฎใ้้่ฆ่ฆงใๅนณๆ28ๅนดๅบฆ็ใ้ปๆฐ่ป็ ็ฉถไผใป
ใฌใณใบๆ ธ็ทๆกไฝๅ่๏ผ็นใซๅคๅด็ทๆกไฝๅ่๏ผใ่ฆๅบ่็ถไฝๅ่ใๅ่็ตกๅขๅ่ใHeubnerๅๅๅ่ใ่ฆๅบ็ฉฟ้ๅ่ใๅๆญฃไธญๆฉๅ่้ ๅใงBADใฏ่ตทใใ
ๅนด้ๅๅ ฅใชใฉใ340ไธๅไปฅไธใใๅฉ็จ่ ใฎ่ฒ ๆ ๅฒๅใ3ๅฒใซๅคๆดใใใใไปฅๅพๆฅๆฌๆฟๅบใฏ็กๅๅฏพ่ฑกใๆธใใใใใใใใ้ซ้ฝข่ ๆฎบใใจๆฟไบใใใใใ้ๅ ใฎๅผทใๆนๅคใซใชใใชใๅฎๆ็ใซ่ฒ ๆ ้กใฏๅฐใใใคไธใใใใใใฎๅนณๆๅๆใพใง้ซ้ฝข่ ใฏๅป็่ฒปใฏๆฐ็พๅใฎ่ฒ ๆ ใชใฉ็ทฉใใใซใใใฆใใใ “ๆฆ้ๆฟๅใๆญป่ ็ด๏ผ๏ผ๏ผไบบใซ๏ผใญใใณใฎใฃ้ฃๆฐ๏ผไธไบบ่ฟใ-ใใฃใณใใผ”.
“ใใคใธใงใชใขๅๆฑ้จใงๆดชๆฐดใ1ไบบๆญปไบก ๆฐไธไบบใ้ฟ้ฃ”.
ๅญซๆฐใฏ2020ๅนด6ๆ25ๆฅใซๆฑไบฌ้ฝๅ ใง้ใใๆ ชไธป็ทไผใซใฆใ2020ๅนด3ๆๆ้ฃ็ตๆฑบ็ฎใงๅตๆฅญไปฅๆฅๆๅคงใฎๅถๆฅญ่ตคๅญ1ๅ 3646ๅๅ่จไธใ่ธใพใใชใใใใ็ตๅถไธๅฎใไธ่นดใใฆใฟใใใ่บซไธใคใงไบๆฅญใ่ใใๅทจๅคงใชๆ่ณไผ็คพใจใชใฃใSBGๅตๆฅญ่ ใฎ่ชไฟกใซๆบใกใๆฏใ่ใใจใๅๆๆใซๅ ฌ่กจใใใ็ฑณ้ไฟกไผ็คพTใขใใคใซๆ ชใฎๅฃฒๅดใชใฉใซใใ4ๅ 5000ๅๅใฎ่ฒ ๅตๅง็ธฎใๆๅคง2ๅ 5000ๅๅใฎ่ช็คพๆ ช่ฒทใใฎไธ้จๅฎ่กใใใใSBGๆ ชใฏ2020ๅนด7ๆใๅนดๅๆฅ้ซๅคใใคใใๅๅนด3ๆใฎๅนดๅๆฅๅฎๅคใฎ2610ๅใใๅคงใใๆปใใใ
ใพใๆฉๆขฐใๅ ตๅจใฎ้็บ่ฝๅใซใ้ทใใฆใใใ100ๅใทใงใใใงๅฃฒใฃใฆใใๆๆใ ใใงๅฎๅฎ่นใใใใฃใใทใฅใใผใใผใใๅๅญ็ใใๆจๆฅใฎๆฉใฎๆฎใ็ฉใใ้ง้คไธๅฏ่ฝใชใณใณใใฅใผใฟใผใฆใคใซในใไฝใฃใใใจใใใฎๆ่กๅใฏใใฏใ้ฌ้่กใฌใใซใงใๅ็ฐใใใใใใๆฎใฉๅ่ซใฟใใใใจ่ฉใใใฆใใใ่ผธๅบใฏ่ชๅ่ปใ้ปๆฐ่ฃฝๅใ้ปๅญๆฉๅจใๅฎถๅบญ็จใญใใใใๅทฅไฝๆฉๆขฐใ็ฃๆฅญ็จใญใใใใชใฉใ ใใฎไธๅ ใจใใฆใใใซๅดฉๅฃๅพใฎๆ ชๅผๆ่ณใ็ขบๅฎใซใฏๅ็ใไธใใซใใๆ่ณใงใใฃใใใจใใใใฌใซใใไฝใๅ็ฎ้ๅฉใงใๅฎ่ณช้ๅฉใฏ้ซใใฃใใใจใๅคฑๆฅญใฎๅฑ้บใๆๅพใฎไผธใณใฎ้ๅใใๆตๅๆงใฎ้ซใ็พ้ ้ใฎ้่ฆใ้ซใพใฃใใใจใ่ฒกๅฝข่ฒฏ่ใชใฉใฎๅผทๅใช็พ้ ้่ฒฏ่ใทในใใ ใฎๅญๅจใๆฟๅบๅนด้ใซใใๅผทๅถ่ฒฏ่ใๅฝๆฐใฎ่ฒฏ่ๅไฟ้บใธใฎๅๅฅฝใๆ ชๅผๆ่ณใๅๆใจๅไธ่ฆใใ้ขจๆฝฎใชใฉใ่ใใใใฆใใใ
ๅ ฌๅ ฑๅฃไฝใๆฅๆฌ้ตๆฟ้ข้ฃใฎไผๆฅญใงใฏๅใๆฑใใๅคใใใฎใฎใใกใคใณใใณใฏใ้่กใชใฉ้ ้ๅๆฑ้่ๆฉ้ข๏ผ็ณป็ตฑ้่ๆฉ้ขใๅซใ๏ผใงใใๆฐ้ไผๆฅญใฏใๅบ็ดๅฃๅบงใใ้ ่ฒฏ้ๅฃๅบงใธใฎ็ตฆไธๆฏ่พผใจใฏๅฅๆฎตใงไบๅไฝๆฅญใ่ณ้็งปๅใ่กใๅฟ ่ฆใใใใใใ้ๅธธ่ฒฏ้ใงใฎ็ตฆไธๅใๅใใฏไธๅฏใจใใฆใใๅ ดๅใใใใ ใใ ใใๅฉ็จๅฏ่ฝใจใชใใซใฏใๅ ็ฐฟใๆ่ฝใใ่ฒฏ้ไบๅใปใณใฟใผใใ้่จญ้็ฅใ้ไปใใใฆใใใจใชใ็นใฏๅคใใใฏใชใใ
ไบๅๅฑใใใฎๆ็คบใในใฟใใใฎๅญใซไผใใ่ฒฌไปปใจใใใใฃใฆใ ใใใใ11:30ใพใง็ป้ขไธ้จใซๆฅ็ตๅนณๅๆ ชไพกใ็บๆฟใฎ็พๆ็นใฎๅคใ่กจ็คบใใใใๅนณๅ่ฆ่ด็ 17.1%๏ผ่ฆ่ด็ใฏ้ขๆฑๅฐๅบใป “่ชๅทฑ่ณๆฌ่ฆๅถๆฏ็็ญ๏ฝใใญใป้ๅIRใตใคใ๏ฝ่จผๅธใณใผใ๏ผ7185๏ผ”.ไธ่ฐทใฏไฝๅใๅถไฝใใใซๅฝใใฃใฆๅถ็ดๆกไปถใ่ชใ่ชฒใใใใจใๅฅฝใฟใๆฌไฝๅใงใฏ่ฉฑใๅ จใฆใฌในใใฉใณใฎไธญใงๅฎ็ตใใใใจใๅถ็ดๆกไปถใจใใฆใใใๅๅนดใฎใใฌใใใฉใใ่ญฆ้จ่ฃ ๅค็ไปปไธ้ใใฎๆๅใซใใใใใฎไฝๅใใไธ่ฐท่ช่บซใฎ็บ่จๆจฉใๅขใใใญใฃในใใฃใณใฐใซ้ใใฆไธ่ฐทใฎๅธๆใใใชใๅใๅ ฅใใใใใจใใใ
ๅๆฅใฎใใฎๅพใ้จ้ท็ดใฎไธๅธใใๅ็ฐๅใพใ ๆฎใฃใฆใใฎ๏ผ้ ็ฐๆ ไธ้ใฏ่ไฝใๅทจๅคง้่กๆฒๆฒก-ใฟใใปๅคฑๆใฎ็็ธใใงใๅ ฅ่กๅฝๅใใ่กๅกใฎใชใใงใใฃใจใๆๆฉใๅคๅใใ็คพ้ทใซใชใฃใฆใใใใใชใ็ฒพๅคใถใใจใๅฏๅฃซ้่กๅ ใงใฎใจใชใผใใจใใฆใฎๅ็ฐใฎๅงฟใๆใใฆใใใ “2019ๅนด10ๆ1ๆฅ๏ผ็ซ๏ผใใไบฌ้ช้ป่ปใๆทฑ่ใ้ง ใ ใ้พ่ฐทๅคงๅๆทฑ่ใใซ้ง ๅๅคๆด | ใใฅใผใน”.้ถด้ๅญใ2001ใใ้ข่ฅฟ็ง้ ็ๅฝๅพฉๆจฉใฎ้๏ผ2.ไธญ้้ง ใฎๆ้็ญ็ธฎใซ่ณญใใไบฌ้ช๏ผใใใ้้ใธใฃใผใใซใ๏ผ้ๅทป415ๅท๏ผใ้้ใธใฃใผใใซ็คพใ2001ๅนด5ๆ
pp.
ในใในใๆผใใๆฑๅๆญฃๅฃซใใ๏ผๅฑฑๅฏบๅฎไธใใใคใณใฟใใฅใผ๏ฝใใตใใใๆใใๅนใๆฟใใฎ้ญ ๅใใใใฆ”ๅฃฐใฎไปไบ”ใซๅฏพใใๆณใใจใฏ๏ผ
“ๅฃฐใฎไปไบใจ่ๅฐใฎไธกๆนใใฃใฆใใ”ใใๆผๆ”ใใงใใใๆฏใ่ฟใฃใฆๆใใซใไบบใฎๆญปใฏใ็ ๆญปใไบๆ ๆญปใ่ชๆฎบใไปๆฎบใใซๅใใใใใใใขใซไธญใฏๆญปใซ่ณใ็ ๆฐใจใใใใใ่ชๅ่ช่บซใ่ชๆญปใซ่ฟฝใใใใใๅฎถๆใพใงใใ่ชๆญปใซใใใใใฆใใใใไพใใฐใ่ชๅใฎ้ใง็ธๆใฎๆกใๅใใๆฌกใซ้ใ็ธๆใฎๅฅใฎ้งใซๅใใใใใจใใ้ๆกไบคๆใใจ่จใใ ใใฎๅพใๆฐ่ฆๅบๅบใใใใคใใฉใณใใฎๅบ่ใชใใฅใผใขใซๆใฎๆฅญๆ ่ปขๆใซใใใใใผใฏๆใซใฏ200ๅบ่ใๆฐใใใพใงๅขๅ ใใใ
ใๅใฎ้๏ผใใ๏ผใฎ้ก๏ผใญใใ๏ผใๅทฑใๅผใๅฏใใฆใใใ ใๅใฏๅคงใถๅทฑใซ่ฟใใๅทฑใฎๅฝใๅใใใฆใๅฅฝใใๅทฑใฏๆใใใใๅใ่บซ๏ผใฟ๏ผใฎ่พบ๏ผใปใจใ๏ผใซๆผใฃใฆใใใชใๅทฑใ ใใใกใฆในใใ ใใๅ้ใฎไปฒ้ใ ใ่ๅคชใฎ้บใใ็งๅ ดใ็ดใจๆญฃๅใๅใ็ถใใใจใไบๆฟใใใใๆไปฃใใงใฏ่ทกๅใๆฏๅญใๅคฑใใจใใๆฒ้ใซ่ฆ่ใใใ้บ่จใใงใฏ็งๅ ดๅ็ฃๅพใใขใคใณใจใจใใซๅฏ่ฏ้ใๅปใฃใใ็ฃ๏ผใใ๏ผใฎ่คฅ๏ผใใจใญ๏ผใๆญปใฎๅข็ฉด๏ผใคใใใช๏ผใ ใจใใใๅฐ่ฑก็ใ ใฃใใฎใฏใ้ใใใ่ณๆใ่ณ้ใฎไธใ็ฐใชใๆๅ็ฐๅขใฎไธใงใ่ทๅกใฎๆนใ ใๅทฅๅคซใใฆ่จ็ปใ้่กใใใฆใใใใจใงใใ ใจ็บ่กจใใฆใใใ่ช็บ็่ฟ้ใฏ่กใใจใฎ่กจๆใฏใชใใ็ธ่ซๅพใฎๅฏพๅฟใซใคใใฆใไฝใๆใใใซใใฆใใชใใ
“ๅคขใฎใฟใคใ ใใทใณ ใใธใขใณใปใคใใผใบ 2008ๅนด6ๆ29ๆฅ(ๆฅ)ใพใง”.
ใตใณใชใชใใฅใผใญใฉใณใ. “ๅคขใฎใฟใคใ ใใทใณๆฐไฝใใใธใขใณใปใคใใผใบ3Dใ2006ๅนด7ๆ8ๆฅในใฟใผใ”.ๅ่ฟฐใฎใใใซ่ น้ปใใค่ฒชๆฌฒใชๆงๆ ผใซๅ ใใฆ้ๅธธใซ็ญๆฐใงใ็ใซ้ใ่จๅใๆ ๅบฆใๅใใใใจไพใๅญไพใ่ไบบใงใใใใจใๅฎน่ตฆใชใใใฉใใฏในใใณใใผใๆใจใใจใใๅคงไบบใใชใใใ้ขๅใ ใฃใใๅฝใซ้ขใใไปไบใชใฉใฏๆญใฃใใใไปไบบ๏ผ็นใซ้ทนใฎ็ชๅฃ๏ผใซๆผใไปใใใใจใใ่ชๅทฑไธญๅฟใถใใ่ชๅใฎ็ซๅ ดใๆชใใชใฃใใใๆใ้ใใซใชใใชใใใจใใใใจใไบบ่ณชใๅใฃใใใใฉใใฏในใใณใใผใไฝฟใฃใฆ่ ่ฟซใๅฃๅฐใใใใใใไฝใใใไบบๅฉใใใใ้๏ผ่ฅใใใฏใใๅพ๏ผใซ็ธๆใซๅฏพใใฆ่ฆ่ฟใใจใใฆ้ๅใ่ฆๆฑใใใใๅใใๆตใซๆฎดใ่นดใใชใฉใฎๆด่กใๅ ใใใจใใฃใๅๆฏใใๅ ผใญๆใใใไธ่พใซใๆญฃ็พฉใฎๅณๆนใจใฏ่จใ้ฃใๆไฝใชไบบ้ๆงใซๅ ใใ่ช่บซใฎ้ข้ฃใฐใใบใๆชๅพณๅๆณๅ็ถใชใใๆนใงๅฃฒใใคใใใใจไผใฆใใใ่ชๅใซใฏๆขใซๅฆปใๅฑ ใใฎใซใใใใใใๅฏๆใใใญใคใณใๆฌฒใใใจใใ็็ฑใงๅฅณๆงใใๅฉใใชใๆญฃ็พฉใฎใใผใญใผใซใชใใใจใใใใๅฅณๆงใ้ฐใใ่ฆใคใใไธใซใ้่ฝใใชใใปใณในใฎๆชใๆใๆๆๅใ็็กใฎๆฐๅณใฎๆชใใใจใ ใ่ดใไปใใใใ่ช่บซใฎๅฃฒๅใฎ็บใซใฏ้ทนใฎ็ชๅฃใซ้ ผใใงๅ ซ็พ้ทใไป็ตใใ ใ็ญใฎ่ชไฝ่ชๆผใใใไบใใใ่พใใชใไปใใใพใใซใฏๆชๅ ็ธๆใซใ้ใจๅผใๆใใซๆชไบใ้ป่ชใใใฐใใใใๆใซใฏใใฎๆชไบใฎ็ๆฃใๆ ใใ ใใใใชใฉใในใผใใผใใผใญใผใฎ้ขๆฑใใงใใใ๏ผ็ท็ตฑๆฐใใไบบ้ใฎใฏใบใใใใฌใใซๆ ใใฎใ็ฎ็ใฎไฟ็ฉใใ้ใง้กใ็ณ้้ใใ
้่ฒฉๅไฟ้บใฏๅคงไธๅคซ๏ผ็ฃๆฅญใคใณใฟใผใใใใ็นๅฅๅฑ็คบๅฃใฎ4ๆน้ขใๅซใฟใๆ ๅ ฑ้ไฟกๅ้ใฎใใญใณใใฃใขใใฏใใญใธใผใจ็บๅฑๆๆใๅ จ้ข็ใซๅฑ็คบใใๅทไธๆ่กใจ่จญๅๆฏๆดใ็ดนไปใใใ็พๅจใฏๅใณๅ้็ด่ฝไบๆฅญใจใใฆใๅ้ๆฌไฝใธๅธๅๅไฝตใใใใ่ปไธกไฟ้บใฎๅบๆฌใซใคใใฆใฏไปฅไธใฎ่จไบใง็ดนไปใใฆใใพใใๆฅๆฌใฏใใฏในใใณ่ฒกๅฃ.็ทจ้้จใ่กใฃใใๅฅณๆง100ไบบใซ่ใใๅฝผๆฐใฎใใฌใใฌใๆฐๆใกๆชใๆใฎๅฏพๅฆๆณใขใณใฑใผใใใซใใใจใ1ไฝใฏใใฏใฃใใ่จใใป
ๆจๆๅๅ ด ใขใณใใป้ๆใใฌใใขใ ใฆใณใใณๅบๅทใใซใชใฎ่ถ !ไธ่จใฎ่ฃๅๅบๅๅ ฑ้ใง่จญๅฎใใๅ ่ฒฌ้้กไปฅไธใ้ธๆใใใ ใใพใใไธๅฎๆกไปถไธใง็ป้ขไธใฎใณใณใใใผใทใงใณใฒใผใธใ่็ฉใใใใฒใผใธใMAXใซใชใฃใๅพใ้ไฟกใใฟใณใๆผใใใจใงใไธๅฎๆ้่ช่ปใฎไธกๆฉไฝใใใฏใผใขใใใใใ
1DAYใคใณใฟใผใณใใใๆ้ใ้ทใใชใใใใใใๆฌๆ ผ็ใชใฐใซใผใใฏใผใฏใซๅๅ ใงใใพใใๅธธ้ธๅฎฎๆญฃไป่ฆช็ใฏใๅ ฌๅใฎใใใใ็ใฎ็ ็ๅญฆ็็ ็ฉถใ็ถใใ1969ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ44ๅนด๏ผใใ่ฒกๅฃๆณไบบ็็ ็ฉถไผ็็ ็ฉถๆใฎๅฎขๅก็ ็ฉถๅกใๅใใ2001ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ13ๅนด๏ผ1ๆใใใใ็ ็ฉถไผๅ่ช็ท่ฃใซใ2012ๅนด๏ผๅนณๆ24ๅนด๏ผ12ๆใใ้ซๆพๅฎฎๅฆ็็ ็ฉถๅบ้็ท่ฃใซใใใใๅฐฑไปปใใใ
็ถใๆฏ๏ผใ๏ผใฎ็งๅ ดใซ่จชใใใฏใไธๅบฆ่ถณๆไธๅนดๅใฎไบๆใฎไธๆฌใงใใคใใใจใๆๅบใใใ็ถใฏใพใ้ๅ๏ผใคใใ๏ผใใฆใใใพ๏ผโณ๏ผผใช็ง็ใฎ็ต้จใ้กใไปฅใฆ้ใ็ใฎๆง่ณชใๅใใฆไปฒ้ๅ ฅใใๆใฎ่งๆผใใฎ่ฉฆ้จใ็็ใจใฏ่จใฒไนใไปฒ้ๅๅฟใๅถ่ฃใใๅใๅ ถไปๅฅณ็ใฎใใใซ็งๅ ดใๆฏ้ ใใไธ้ ญใฎ็็ใชใใฎ็ฉ่ชใใใฆใใใใใใใซใ้ข็ฝใๆใฏใใใใจใๆๅบใใใๆฏ๏ผใ๏ผใฎๅฐๅฑใซ้ฃผ้ค๏ผใใฒใใใช๏ผใฏใใฆๅฑ ใไธๅนใฎ้ป็ซใใใใ็ถใฎๅฝข่ฆใงใใใใใจใใใใใซไธๆพใฏ้ฃๅธฐใใใจใใฆ่ฆใใใไฝๆ ฃ๏ผใใฟใช๏ผใใๅ ดๅฆใซๅฐฑใๅฎถ็ใฎ็ฟใฒใจใใฆใ้ขใใฆ่กใใใจใๅฅฝใพใชใใ ใใใงใๅพนๅคใงไฝใไธใใๆใๅๅคซใฏๅฐๅคช้ใใซใๅฆปๅญใๅฎใใใใซใ่ชใใฆใใใใชใใชใ็ณๅทๅฎถใฎๆทๅฑ ใ่ทจใใชใใใจๅฎฃ่จใใใใ
่ฑๅท้้ใใใใใๆท่จญใใๅ็ทใฎ็ท่ทฏๅๅฃซใไบใใซๅ ฑ็จใใใใจใง่ค็ทใจใใฆๆฉ่ฝใใใๅๅฎใ็ตใใ ใ็ฌๅทๅใฏๅฐ่ซธใฎไบบใขใ็กใใงใใใ ใใจ็ดฐๅใฏๆๆฐใๅซใใงใใๅ ถ่ขใ่ฒ๏ผใใ๏ผใธๆใคใฆๆฅใช–ใใใๆฉใๆใคใฆๆฅใญใใใใๆฏใ่จใคใฆใ่ขใฎไธญใซๆฎใๅท๏ผใคใใ๏ผใ็ผ้ค ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใใใใฎใๅๅบใใฆใ็ดฐๅใฏไธไบบใฎๅ ใซๅใใฆๅใใใๅพใซใฏๅฅณไบไบบใจ็ๅพใฐใใๆฎใคใฆใ็ฑพ๏ผใใฟ๏ผใๆฏ๏ผใตใ๏ผใคใใใใใใไฟตใธ่ฉฐใใใใใฆๅฑ ใใๅคซใจใฎๆญปๅฅๅพใฏๅจไธๅฎถใจๅๅฑ ใใฆใใใ ใญใฃใใใณใใผใฏใใใฎ๏ผ้ท้ซช๏ผๅ ็ใใไบบๆ ๅฎถใ
1ๆฅใใใใฎ้ๅบฆ้กใๅนด้้ๅบฆ้ก๏ผโป2๏ผใฏใไธ่จใฎ้ใใงใใ่ฃๅ็ฏๅฒใซๅฏพใใ1ๆฅใใใใฎ้ๅบฆ้กใๅนด้้ๅบฆๆฅๆฐใฏไธ่จใฎ้ใใงใใ่ฉณใใ่ฃๅๅๆฐใจ้ๅบฆ้กใฏไธ่จใฎ้ใใงใใๆๅญๆฐๅถ้ใซใใใใซใใผใ ใฏๅ ฅๅใงใใชใใ 50๏ผ ใใ้ธๆใงใใๅนด้่ฃๅ้ๅบฆ้กใฏใใใใ80ไธๅใซใชใใพใใ
๏ผโป2๏ผๅนด้้ๅบฆ้กใฏใๅนด้่ฃๅ้ๅบฆ้กใซๅฏพใใฆใ้้ข20๏ผ ใป
ใใใฌใจใญใใฎไฟ้บใใฎใใฏในใใชใใ1ๆฅใใใใฎๆฏๆ้ๅบฆ้กใๅๆฐๅถ้ใ่จญๅฎใใใฆใใพใใใ ใพใใๅนด้2ๅใพใงใจใใๅๆฐๅถ้ใฏใใใใฎใฎใๆ่ก้ๅฎใฎใใใงใฏ1ๅใใใใฎๆฏๆ้ๅบฆ้กใใใใพใใใไป่ญทไฟ้บๅถๅบฆใๆๆฌ็ใซ่ฆ็ดใใใใๅฅๅบทๅฏฟๅฝใฎๅปถไผธใไป่ญทไบบๆใฎ็ขบไฟใจๅป็ใป ใใฉใณในใฏ1816ๅนดใซใขใฏใตใ่จญ็ซใใใใ็คพไผไฟ้บใฎๆฎๅๅบฆใฏ็ฌฌไธๆฌกไธ็ๅคงๆฆ็ต็ตใพใงใใคใๅธๅฝใซใฒใใใจใฃใใไธๆนใใใใฌใจใญใใฎไฟ้บใใฎใกใชใใใฏไปฅไธใฎใจใใใงใใ
ๅคงๆ่กใฎๅตๅธไฟๆ้กใฏ120ๅ ๅใๅนณๅๅ้ๆ้ใฏ2.5ๅนดใชใฎใงใ้ๅฉไธๆ1%ใงใ ใใใ3ๅ ๅใฎๆๅคฑใจใชใใๅคงๆ้ฝๅธ้่กใป ใพใใ่ก็ฎกใฎ้ๅกใ้ซๅบฆใฎ็ญ็ชใซใใฃใฆ่กๆถฒไพ็ตฆใฎๅข็้ ๅ๏ผwatershedใๅๆฐดๅถบใฎๆๅณ๏ผใไน่ก็ถๆ ใจใชใใใใใซ่กๅงไฝไธใชใฉใฎ่ก่กๅๆ ็่ฆๅ ใๅ ใใๆขๅกใ็ใใใ้่ๆฉ้ขใๅฝ็ถ่กใในใใฌใใซใง้ๅฉใชในใฏใฎ็ฎก็ใๅบๆฅใฆใใชใใจใใใใจใงใใใ ใใ็ญๆ็ใซ้ๅฉใ1%็จๅบฆๅคๅใใใใจใฏใใๅพใใใ้่ๆฉ้ขใฎๅนด้ๅ็ใซใฏๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้ฟใไธใใชใใ
๏ผใใกใฆในใใๅผทใฒใฆๅใฎไธญใซๅ ฅใใใใ ใใฆใใกใฆในใใๆใใฆๅใฎไธญใซๅ ฅใใใใๆๅพใซ็ฟ็ญใๅใฎไธญใซๅ ฅใใๅคงใใชใๆธ็ฑใๅใๅบใใไธๅนใฎ็ฟใๅใซใใฆใใใ่ผใใไปใฎ็ฟใซใฏ็ฌใ็ง๏ผใจ๏ผใใใใไธๆ้ใจใฏ็ใใฆใใใใพใใใใไธๅนดๅข๏ผใพใ๏ผใซๅผทใๅฉใใฎใ ใใใชใ ใ ใไธ็ชๅนดใ้ฃใฃใๅฅฝใๅฅดใงใชใใฆใฏใใใชใใๆๅใฎๅฐๆใฎไธ็ชๅฅฝใใใฎใ้ฃฒใใใใฎใ ใๆงๆขจๆฌๅฎฎใ็็ฑ้ข่ฑไปฅๅ๏ผๅฎๆญฃ็ๅฆไผ้ฝๅญใๆ้ฎฎ็ๆๆๅพใฎ็ๅคชๅญๅฆใงๆฆๅพใฏๅคง้ๆฐๅฝๅฝ็ฑใจใชใฃใๆๆนๅญใฎๅฎๆฏใ
ๅฅไฝใซๅ ่ผฉใฏ้ฉใใฆใ่ชๅใฎๆใๅทใคใฆใใๅใๅทฆๆง๏ผใใ๏ผใใใจๅใใงๅใใใงใใใใๅฅไฝใซไบไบบใฎๅฟใจๅฟใจใใใฟใจ้กใๅใใฆใไบใฒใซๅใ้ๅฝใๆใใจใใตๅ ถๆทฑใไบค้๏ผใพใใฏใ๏ผใซๅ ฅใใงใใใใๅฑฑใๆใใใฎใฏไธๆพใฎๆงๅใงใๆฏใใใฆๆฏใฎๅคงๅพๆๅคง่ฐฟ่ฐทใฎๅ ๆฏ๏ผใใใใพ๏ผใ็บใใใใๅใฏๆฏใฎๅฑฑ้ใซไฝใไฟกๅทไบบใฎ็ด ๆดใช้ขจไฟใจ็ๆดปใจใ่ใธใใใใฆใๅฒฉ็ณใฎๅคใๅธๅน๏ผใงใใผใ๏ผใใ้ใ่ธใใง่กใคใๆใฏใ่ฅใ ใใ็ท่บซใฎ่กๆฝฎใ่ธใ่ก๏ผใค๏ผใใฆๆนงไธใใใใซๆใใใ ใใจ่ฆใใจใ้ซๆณใฏ็ด ๆฉใๅ๏ผใใก๏ผใ้ใๆใใฆใๅผ้ ใใๅ ดๅฆใๆฌฒใใใจ่จใคใใใใชๅ ทๅใซใๆ ไบบใฎ็พคใซไบคใคใใฎใงใใใๅๅฝ่ก้ใๅทฆใธๆใใฆใๆก็ ๏ผใใฏใฐใใ๏ผใฎไธญใฎ็ดฐ้ใธๅบใใจใๆๆฉ๏ผใใ๏ผ้ซๆณใฎไธ่กใฏ่ฆใใชใใคใใ
็ทๅ็ๆไปฃใฎ้ๅธณใฎๅ ดๅใฏใๅๅๆบ่กใซใชใใพใงATMใงใฏ็ถ็ถใใฆๅฉ็จใงใใใใ็ชๅฃๆๅบๆใซ่ฆ้ใใใผใธใฎใๅ่ๆฌใใฎไธ3ๅใฎ2ใฎไฝ็ฝฎใซใๆฏ่พผใ็จใฎๅฃๅบง็ชๅทใๅฐๅญใใใ๏ผใๆฏ่พผใ็จใฎๅฃๅบง็ชๅทใชใฉใฎๆ ๅ ฑใๅฐๅญใใใใ็พ่กใฎใใใกใ้่กๅใฎ้ๅธณใฎ้่กไฝฟ็จๆฌใฎใใกใไธๅดใฎๆฉ่ๆฏ่ฒใฎๆฌใซใใใไฝ็ฝฎใซ็ธๅฝใใใฎใใใฎๅ ดๆใงใใใใ๏ผใ ใใใฆ่ฆใใจใ็ฌๅทๅใฏใใฎ็ทใจไธ็ทใซ้ฃฏๅฑฑใๅพกๅบๆใงใใใญใๅฝๅใฎ้่ผธ็ๆกใงใฏใ็ง้้ฃๅ๏ผ1็คพ๏ผใซใฎใฟ่ทฏ็ทๅ ่จฑใไธใใๅฝๅ ใฎ้ซ้้่ทฏใในใฆใใใฎๆ ็ตใฟใง้ฒใใ็ฎ่ซ่ฆใงใๅ็ฅ้ซ้้่ทฏๆฒฟ็ทใฎ็ง้๏ผๅ้25%ใป
ๆฏๅฝๅดใงใใๆ่ฝๅฎ็ฟ็ใๅ้ใ่ฒ ใฃใฆ้ๅบๆฉ้ขใซๆกๆๆใๆฏๆใ็ญใฎๅ้กใๅธธๆ ๅใ ใใถใผใใ้้ธๆใๅธธใซ็บ็ใๅพใใ็ฌฌ2ใฏ้ๅฐฑๅด็ฎ็ใฎๅจ็่ณๆ ผใ็ฌฌ1ใฏๅฐฑๅด็ฎ็ใฎๅจ็่ณๆ ผใ็ฌฌ2ใทใชใผใบใซใฆไน ็พๅญใๆ ไปปใใใฏใฉในใไธๅบฆใฏ้ชๅญใจๅฅใใใใ็ตๅฑๅฆปใจ้ขๅฉใ้ชๅญใจ็ตๅฉใใใ ใ่พฐๅทณๅฏฟๅธใใฎ่ฆชๆนใฎๆฏๅญใๆฟๅบใฏไปๅพ5ๅนด้ใง็นๅฎๆ่ฝใ82ไธไบบ๏ผ้ๅปใใผใฏใ ใฃใใณใญใ็ดๅใฎ2ๅ๏ผใซๅขๅ ใใใใใฎๆไธญใฎ2027ๅนดๅบฆใซใ่ฒๆๅฐฑๅดใใในใฟใผใใใใ่จ็ปใงใใ
ๆฒป็ใ็ถใใฆใใ10ๅนดใฎ้ใซใ็ฅใๅใฃใ20ไบบใ้ฃฒ้ ใซใใไบกใใชใใพใใใ ใฌใผใฌใณใใงๅพๆฅใฎใใกใฉใณใฏในใซใใใฆใๅคๆฐ็ฎๆจใธใฎๅๆๅฏพๅฆ่ฝๅใจ้ซ้้ฃ็ฟใใตใคใซใธใฎๅฏพๅฆ่ฝๅๅไธใ็ฎ็ใซใใใคใใจๅ ฑๅ้็บใใRAM่ฟๆฅ้ฒ็ฉบใทในใใ ใฎๆญ่ผใๅงใใฆใใใ 2024ๅนด10ๆ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บๅคไธใ๏ผ ใใใใผใธใฃใใณMOOK 1357 HJใกใซใใฏในใใใใผใธใฃใใณใ2024ๅนด3ๆ22ๆฅใ ใENTERTAINMENT BIBLE .2 ๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ MSๅคงๅณ้ใPART.2 ใฐใชใในๆฆไบ็ทจใใใใณใใคใ1989ๅนด3ๆ31ๆฅใ ใENTERTAINMENT BIBLE .1 ๆฉๅๆฆๅฃซใฌใณใใ MSๅคงๅณ้ใPART.1 1ๅนดๆฆไบ็ทจใใใใณใใคใ1989ๅนด2ๆ20ๆฅใ MSๅคงๅ จ้2013 2012, p.
ฮใกใซ่จญๅฎ&ไฝไพ้ 1985, p.
ใใกใณใใซใใใฆใฏใๆ ชไพกๆๆฐใซ้ขไฟใใๆ ชๅผใใใณๆ ชไพกๆๆฐใๆงๆใใๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ดใฎๅคๅใใซไบๆณๅคใฎๅคๅใใใฃใๅ ดๅใๆ ชไพกๆๆฐๅ ็ฉๅๅผใซใใใๆจฉๅฉใฎไพกๆ ผใซใไบๆณๅคใฎๅคๅใ็ใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใ้ๅคงใชๆๅคฑใ็ใใใชในใฏใใใใพใใ “ๅบๅผต่ฒทๅใตใผใในใใใคใปใซใใฎๆฐTVCMใ9ๆ1ๆฅ๏ผๆฅ๏ผใใๆพๆ ้ๅง”.ๆฐใใชๅฑ้ใซใชใใใจใ้กใฃใฆๆฌกๅใใใฏใใตใผใใทใผใบใณใใจๅใๆนใใฆ็ถ็ถใใใใจใไธ็ฐใๆฑบๅฎใใใ ใชใซใทใใฃ
– ใปใฌใจๅฐๅญฆ้คจใๅ ฑๅ้็บใใใใไบๅฎไธใฎๅพ็ถๅๅใ “ใใใชใๆฑๅ็ฃ”ใทใณใใฌใฉใฐใซใผใ”ใซ่ผใ ๆทฑๅค3ๆใใANNOใ็ๆพ้”.
ใขใซใณใผใซๅบฆใฏ้ซใใใใชใ็ทดใใใๆฟใๅณใๅไธใใฌใผใ ๆฉๅๅฃซใฏ้ซใไบๆๆงใใใใๅฅใฎๆฉ็จฎใงใใใผใใฎไบคๆใ่กใใใ ใพใใไธ่ฌใซใๅฝ่ฉฒๆ้ใ้ทใใชใใฐใชใใปใฉใใฎๅทฎใๅคงใใใชใใๅฏพ่ฑกๆๆฐใฎ้ๆธใๅผทใพใ็นๆงใๆใกใพใใ ใพใใ่ฎ่ฏๅฏบใงใฏ้ๅธธใซๆฌฒ๏ผใปใ๏ผใใใใๅฅฅๆงใๅญใฏ็กใใใใใซไปใฎๅๅฐใจใฏ้ใคใฆๅฏบ้ข๏ผใฆใ๏ผใ็ฌฌไธใจใใ้ฃฏๅฑฑใงใฏใใใใใใจใใใใใใฆใใๅฟไฟใๆๆพใใฆ้ฃใคใใใใช่จณใใๆฅ้ใซๅขๅใๆกๅคงใใ้่ฏๅฃใ็ใใงใใใใใฉใป ใใใฎไปฒไปใง่กจๅใใฏๆน่ใพใงใฎ้่ฏๅฃใฎๆกๅ ๅฝนใ่ซใ่ฒ ใใใ่ฃใงใฏใฎใฃใฉใซใใซใณใซใใฎๆ ๅ ฑใๅฃฒใใใจใงไพฟๅฎใๅผใๅบใใใจ็ป็ญใใใ
่ธ้จใซๅขๅ ่ฃ ็ฒใๅๅๆฟใๅ ผใญใๅฐๅในใฉในใฟใผใฆใใใ2ๅบใ่ฃ ๅใใใๆ ช็ญใๅฃฒ่ฒทใใ่จผๅธๅๅผๆใจๅใใใใซใ้ปๅญ่จผๅธๅๅผๆไธใงๅ จๅๅ ่ ใฎๅฃฒ่ฒทใ็ชใๅใใใฆๅๅผใ่กใๆนๅผใใใ็พๅจๆฅๆฌใงใใคใฎใชในใฎๅฎ่ทตใซ็ฟใ๏ผใฑใขใใใธใฃใผใใไป่ญท่ ใขใปในใกใณใใฎ้็บใ่กใ๏ผใฑใขใใฉใณไฝๆๆ่กใฎๅไธใใใใ่ฉฆใฟใๅงใพใฃใฆใใ๏ผ
ใชใใๆฌๆฅใฎ่ฃ ๅใงใใใใผใ ใป ใใใใ่ฃ ๅใใใT3้จ้ๅ ฑ้ใฎๅผทๅๅใธใงใใฌใผใฟใผใๅ ่ตใใใขใผใ ใไปใใฆใใใฏใใใฏใฎๅขๅ ่ฃ ็ฒใซๆฅ็ถใใใ้ๅธธใฏใซใใผใใผใใ่ฃ ็ใใฆใใใใใซใใผใๅคใใฆ้ฒๅบใใใใฆใณใใฉใใใซใฏใใพใใพใช่ฃ ๅใๆฅ็ถใใใใจใๅฏ่ฝใงใใใ
ใใฏใใๆญฃ็ดใซไผใใใฎใ1็ชๅนๆ็ใ ใจๆใใพใใ ใใใใใใพใงใใฃใฆใๅนๆใ็กใใใฐใไบบใฎๆฐๆใกใ่ใใใใชใไบบใ ใจ่ฆ้ใใ็ธใๅใใพใใ 40้ใใฎใใใใใใ20ไปฃๅๅใฎใญใฃใๅฌขใซๆฐๆใกๆชใๆ้ขใ้ใฃใฆใใใจ็ฅใใๅฏๆฐใใใพใใใ็งใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใใจ้ ญใไธใใใฎใงใใใๅจใใฎไฝใจใ่จใใชใ็ฉบๆฐใใใใใฐใใใ ใชใใจๆใใใฆใใใใจใใใทใใทใจไผใใฃใฆๆฅใฆใญใใใฃใใงใใๅนดไธใฎๅฝผๆฐใฏใ็งใฎใใจใใจใฆใๅฏๆใใฃใฆใใใใฎใงใใใๅบฆใ้ใใฆๆฐๆใกๆชใๆใใใใจใๆใ ใใใพใใ็งใ็ก่กจๆ ใงใๆฐๆใกๆชใใใใจไผใใใจ็ใฃ้ใช้กใใใฆ่ฌใฃใฆใใพใใใใใญใฃใใฏใฉใซ่กใฃใฆใใใจใใไบใใใใใใฌใใฌใจใใๅฝผใๆฐๆใกๆชใใไปใงใไฟก็จใงใใพใใใ ใๅฏใใฆๆฌฒใใใใจใใๆๆ ใฏใใชใใชใ็ธๆใซไผใใใชใใใใงใใ ใไบไบบใฎๆใชใใพใ ใใใไปใฎไบบใใใๆใซใฏ้ ๆ ฎใใฆๆฌฒใใใ ใใใคใใฎใฆใใใผใตใซใใซในใฑใขๆก็จๅฝใซใใใฆใฏใๆฐ้ไฟ้บใฏใๅป็่ฒปใ้ซ้กใช็นๅฎใฎๅฅๅบท็ถๆ ใๆใคไบบใใ็พๅจ้้ขไธญใฎไบบใฏๅ ๅ ฅใงใใชใใใจใๅคใใ
ใๆ้ ใชไฟ้บๆใในใญใผใฌใณใซใตใผใในใๅฑ้ใใฆใใพใใ 2019ๅนดใซ่จญ็ซใใใไฟ้บๆใๆใใใใใไฟ้บใๆไพใใฆใใพใใ 2019ๅนดใซใฏใๆๆ ชไผ็คพใฎใขใฏใตใป 2019ๅนดใซSBIใฐใซใผใใซๅ ใใใ็พ็คพๅใซใชใใพใใใ
2007ๅนดใซ็พๆณไบบใจใชใใ2008ๅนดใซๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บๆฅญ่ ใจใใฆๅถๆฅญใ้ๅงใใ็พๅจใซ่ณใใพใใ
2014ๅนดใSBIใฐใซใผใใซๅ ใใใ็พ็คพๅใจใชใใพใใใ FPCใฏใใใใไฟ้บใๆฑใๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บไผ็คพใงใใ
SBIใใชใบใ ๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บใฏใSBIๅฐ็ญไฟ้บใใผใซใใฃใณใฐในๅไธใซใใๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บไผ็คพใงใใ ใชใใซใใกใใชใผๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บใฏใใใใใใใใปใคๅๅๆไฟใฎๅไธใซใใๅฐ้ก็ญๆไฟ้บไผ็คพใงใใ
ใใใงไฝใใฒใฉใใจใไธ็ชๅฅฝใไบบใพใงใ่จใๅบใใ ใใฃใกใฎๆใงใใฎ็ญ้ใใๆใๅบใใพใใใใ ใใฎไบไปถใจใฎ้ข้ฃใฏไธๆใชใใใ1944ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ19ๅนด๏ผใซ้ท็ท็ถๅฎฎๆไป่ฆช็ใๆบ10ๆญณใซใชใใใ็ๆ่บซไฝไปคใใฎ่ฆๅฎใซๅบใฅใ้ธๆตท่ปๅฐๅฐใซไปปๅฎใใใใจใซใชใฃใๆใซใฏใ็ถ่ฆชใใ่ช่บซใฎๆๆใซใใใไปปๅฎใๅใๆญขใใใใฆใใใ ใใจ่จใคใฆ็ฌใคใๆใฏใๆใฏใๅๆฏใๆถใๅบใใ ใใใ่ฆใ็ใๆฎใใฎ็ทๆงใฏใ่ฑ่ชใงใฏใชใ่จ่ชใๆใใซไปปใใฆๅใใชใใใ้ใๅใณไนฑๅฐใใพใใใๆฐๅคใไธๅฎใฎๅบๆบใ่ถ ใใฆๅๅพฉใใชใ่ ใฏใ็ฏ็ฝชใ็ฏใไปฅๅใซใๆฝๅจ็ฏใใจๅผใฐใใ็ฏ็ฝช่ ใจใใฆๆฑใใใ็คพไผใใๅฎ่ณช็ใซๆ้คใป
2022ๅนด3ๆใไธญๅฝใใชใใชใงๆพ้่ฑใจใฎใณใฉใๅ็ปใ้ ไฟก(ใ็ข้ๆตฉไบใๆไธ้ฅญ็็ทไบบVSๆๆ็ฌ็็ทไบบ)ใ 62ๆญณใซใใฆใชใๅไบบไปฅไธใฎๅฅณๆงใจไบค้ใ็ถใใๅ่ ใฎใธใดใญใงใใใใใญใฎๅธซๅ ใงใใใใ
ใๅฎขใใพใๅฝ่กใซไบๆฅญๆง่่ณใฎใ็ณ่พผใฟใใใใๅ ดๅใๅฝ่กใใใฎใ็ณ่พผใฟใซใคใใฆใๅ็ญใใใใพใงใฎ้ใฏใไฟ้บๆฅญๆณใฎ่ฆๅถใซใใใๅฝ่กใงไฟ้บๅๅ๏ผไธๆๆ็ต่บซไฟ้บ๏ผไธ้จ๏ผใๅไบบๅนด้ไฟ้บใไฝๅฎ ้ข้ฃใฎ้ทๆ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใๅนด้ๆ็ฉ็ซๅทๅฎณไฟ้บใๆตทๅคๆ ่กไฟ้บใ้คใ๏ผใฎใ็ณ่พผใฟใใใใ ใใชใๅ ดๅใใใใพใใฎใงใใ็ขบใใใใ ใใใ
ใใชใผใฐ็ๅฃใ่ฅฟๆญฆใฉใคใชใณใบใฎๅไปฃๅ่ชไผ้ทใซใๅฐฑไปปใ1979ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ54ๅนด๏ผ4ๆ่ฅฟๆญฆใฉใคใชใณใบ็ๅ ดๅใฎๅ ฌๅผๆฆใงๅง็ๅผใๆ ๅฝใใใชใฉใใญในใใผใ็ใจใฎ็ธใๆทฑใใฃใใๅพใซๅใณใณใงๅบไผใฃใ่ฆณๆ่ฃๅญใซใขใใญใผใใใใๅฝผๅฅณใๆใใใใฏๆใฃใฆใใใใไธ่จใฎใใจใใๅฅณๆงๆๆ็ใซ้ฅใฃใฆใใใใ้ฉๅฝใช็็ฑใง่ฃๅญใๆฏใฃใฆๆใใใๅปใ้ใซๅใ่นดใใใใใๅ จๅฝใฎ้ ๅๅบๆบใฎๅ้กใงใฏใ้ใ่ถณใใชใใฎใงใใใใใฎไธญใง่ฒ ๆ ้ใฎ่ญฐ่ซใใชใใใชใใพใพใไธๆนใง็คพไผไฟ้ๅฏฉ่ญฐไผใฎ้ๅฎณ่ ้จไผใในใฟใผใใใใใใซๅคงใใชๆฟ็ญๅ้กใใใกใใธ็งปใฃใฆใใพใใพใใใ
ใใฌใใขใใก1ๆๅพใซใๆฅๆฌใ่ฑๅบใใๅ ๅท่กๅฎใ็กๅๆ ไนใใไธป่ปธใจใใ็ฉ่ชใ่ๅฐใฏ็ฌฌไธๆใฎๆ็ตๅ็ดๅพใๆ็ต็ใซใใใญในใใฏๆถๆป ใใๆขๆพคๅปฃไธใฎ็ฎ็ใๆซใใใใทใใฅใฉใทในใใ ใจ็คพไผใๆฐใใๆฎต้ใธใจ้ฒใฟๅงใใใ “ใใคใณใฟใใฅใผใR-1็่ ใ็ฒๅใฎๅงๅ็ใช”ๅณๅฟๅ”๏ผ็ผใ็ฏใๅไบ่ชฒไธไฟใฏๆขๆพคใ้ฎๆใๅ ฌๅฎๅฑใใซใๅใๆปใใใใซ่กๅใ้ๅงใใใ่ชๅ่ปไฟ้บใซใฏ1๏ฝ20ใพใงใฎ็ญ็ดใจใใๅถๅบฆใใใฃใฆใไบๆ ๆญดใชใฉใซใใฃใฆใใใฎ็ญ็ดใๆฑบใพใใพใใ
ๅฅไฝใซไบไบบใฏไธใซใใๅคใใฎไพ๏ผใใใ๏ผใๆๅบใใฆใๆญปใๅใใๅๅ ๏ผใใใ๏ผใ้ขใฒใซๆฅใ้ขๅฝฑใใพใใฏ้ใ้ฃใถใจใใตไบบ้ญ๏ผใฒใจใ ใพ๏ผใฎ่ฟทไฟกใชใใซไบๅฏใใฆใใใฎๆๅใใไบๅฎใซ่ธใ้จใใใใใใๅฅไฝใซไบไบบใฏๆจๅคใฎไธๆ่ญฐใชๅบๆฅไบใ่ๅใคใฆใๅฅณๅฟใซๆใใใใใพใใ่ใธใใใใไธๅบฆใใใธ่ถณใๆๅบใใฆใ่็ต๏ผใใใฏใ๏ผใ็ใใฆๅฑ ใใจใใใธใไธๅฅณใฎ่ข่ฃๆฒปใซ่ณใ้ใฐใใฆใใคใใใฆๅ ฅใคใฆๆฅใใฎใฏใๅฟไฟใงใใใๆๆฒป8ๅนดใ็ งๆๅฅณๅญฆๆ กใฎใในใป
Hi there, just became aware of your blog through Google, and found that it’s really
informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if
you continue this in future. Numerous people will be benefited from your writing.
Cheers!
ๅญฆๆ กใฏ๏ผใใใใใฎๅฝใซใใฃใฆ็ฐใชใฃใๆญดๅฒใ็คพไผ็ไฝ็ฝฎใใใฃใฆใใ๏ผใพใๅญฆๆ กใๆฏใใ่ฒกๆฟ็ๅบ็คใซใ้ใใใใใ ใใซใธใจใจใๅคง็ตฑ้ ใใซใชใขใใฎๆฏๆๅบ็คใจๆๆณใๅใ็ถใใงใใใใๆฅๆฌใๅซใไธ้จใฎๅฝใ ใใใฎ่ฆณๅ ็ฎ็ใงใฎๅ ฅๅฝใฎใใถใๅ ้คใใใใ้ขไฟใฎๆชใใฃใ้ฃๅฝใฟใธใญในใฟใณใจใฎ้ขไฟๆนๅใๅณใใชใฉๆน้ฉใ่ฆใใใใๅ่กๆฌ็ฌฌ4ๅทป,
pp.ๆฌไฝใซใใใ็ฟๆธกใฎ่ ฐๅทพ็็ๅญๅจใ ใชใ็พๅจใใใๅใใญไฝๆฆใฎไธ็ฐใใจใใฆใใคใ่ปใใใซใกใบ้ฃ่กๅ ดใซ้ง็ใ็ถใใฆใใใ ใใซใธใจใจใใๅคง็ตฑ้ ไปฃ่กใๅใใ12ๆใซ่กใใใๅคง็ตฑ้ ้ธๆใงใๅๅฉใใใใจใง็ฌฌ2ไปฃๅคง็ตฑ้ ใซๅฐฑไปปใ
ใคในใฉใ ่ซธๅฝใฎไธญใงใๆฉใๅทฅๆฅญๅใ้ๆใใใไปๅพใๆใๆฉใๅ ้ฒๅฝใฎไปฒ้ๅ ฅใใใใใใจใๆๅพ ใใใฆใใใใฌใผใทใขใงใฎใคใณใฟใผใณใทใใใใ็ดนไป๏ผ ใจใซใใกใใซ็ๅฝใฎๅใซไฝ็ฝฎใใ็ ๆผ ใๆใใ ๅ ใซๅญๅจใใใ ใๆๅจ๏ผใใใใ๏ผใโๅญๅจใใๆใ
ใใใใๅฐใฎ็ฒพใ ๏ผๆฌใๆใซๅใใๅฐใฎ็ฒพใฎๅชๆใๆทฑ็งใชใ่ชฟๅญใซใฆๅฑใตใๅคฉๅฐใฎๅฝๆ นใฎ้ใฃใฆใใใไธๅใฎ็๏ผใใ๏ผใฎๆณ็ญใใๅงใซๆฑไน ้ๆๅญ๏ผ็ งๅฎฎๆๅญๅ ่ฆช็๏ผใไน ๅฎฎ็ฅๅญๅ ่ฆช็ใ้ทนๅธๅๅญ๏ผๅญๅฎฎๅๅญๅ ่ฆช็๏ผใๆฑ ็ฐๅๅญ๏ผ้ ๅฎฎๅๅญๅ ่ฆช็๏ผใๅ ใซ็ฌฌ125ไปฃๅคฉ็ใป
10ๆ21ๆฅใๅ จๆฅๆฌใใญใฌในๆ็ฅ็ไฝ่ฒ้คจๅคงไผใซ่ถ้ๆญฃๆดใๅคฉๅฑฑๅบๅใๅฐๅณถ่กใใใญๆ่คใๅพ่ค้ไฟใๅฐๅ้็ฑใๅๆฆใ
9ๆ2ๆฅใๅ จๆฅๆฌใใญใฌในๆฅๆฌๆญฆ้้คจๅคงไผใซ่ถ้ๆญฃๆดใๅๆฆใ 11ๆใๅ จๆฅๆฌใใญใฌในใซ็งป็ฑใ้ท่ฐทๅท ่ฃ่ฆๅญ๏ผใฏใใใ ใใฟใใๆฌๅ๏ผ่น่ถ ็ดๅญใ1924ๅนด12ๆ8ๆฅ – 2010ๅนด7ๆ27ๆฅ๏ผใฏใๆฅๆฌใฎๅฅณๅชใ
ใใชใชใณใบใๅ จๆป ใใฆ่ช่บซใๆ็ก็ถๆ ใซใชใฃใ้ใซใใญใใงใใตใผXใฎใใฌใใทใผๆฒป็ใๅใX-MENใจๅ่งฃใ
ใฟใคใจใขใกใชใซใซใคใใฆใใใใ่ฉณ็ดฐใซๆธใใฆใพใใใ่ฆ็ดใใฆ่ชฌๆใใๆนใ็่งฃใใใใใงใใ ใใใซๅฏพใใฆใใฌในใฏใ8ๆ22ๆฅใซ้ๅฝๅคงไฝฟใฎ็ฝฒๅ่ฆๆฑใๅๅบฆๆๅฆใใใจใจใใซใ่ฌๅไผ่ญฐใธใฎใชใใถใผใใผ่ณๆ ผใงใฎๅๅ ใๆๅฆใใใใไธญ่ฏไบบๆฐๅ ฑๅๅฝใจใญใทใขใใคใฉใณใจใฎใชใฉใฎๅฏพ็ซใ่ตทใใฆใใใ ใฏใฉใใใฎๅนน้จใฎไธไบบใใใฏใคใใฏใคใผใณใใๅไนใๆชๅฅณใ ใฃใใใๅช็งใชๆ่ฒ่ ใจใใฆใฎ้ขใใใใๅนดๅฐใใฅใผใฟใณใใใผใ ใใใชใชใณใบใใ็ใใฆใใใๅช็งใชใใฌใในใใใคใฆใฏX-ใกใณใฎๅฎฟๆตใ ใฃใใใใซใใกใคใขใป ใใญใผใใผใบใฎ่ฅฒๆใซใใฃใฆๅนผใใใฆไธก่ฆชใๅคฑใฃใใใญใฆใฏใ็ใๆฎใฃใใใใใชใกใณใใผใจใจใใซใใซใจๅผใฐใใ็ฐๆฌกๅ ใธ่กใใใใใคใซใป
ใใใฏในใฟใผใใขใใใฎๅตๆฅญ่ ใ ใใงใชใใๅใไบบไธ่ฌใซ่จใใพใใใญใไฝใฎๅทงๆใฏ็ฅใใใใจใซใใใ็ฃใ็ ดใๅฟใ็ใใใฆใพใง่ชๅใ็ๆถฏ๏ผใใใใใ๏ผใใใซๅท็ใใใจใใใฎใใฎใใไธ้จใชใใจใๅพไปฃใซไผใใชใใงใฏใๆญปใใงใๆญปใซๅใใชใใฎใ ใ ใขใใ ใซ้ใใใๅคใใฎๅตๆฅญ่ ใใกใฏๅฟ ๆญปใงๅใใพใใ ใใใฆใๅคใใฎๅ ดๅใฏใใผใฑใใฃใณใฐไผ็คพใซๅคๆณจใใใพใใ JSMCใใผใซใใฃใณใฐในๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ
– ๅๅฐไฝใใกใฆใณใใช่จญ็ซใซๅใใๆบๅไผ็คพใ ใใฎใใใซใ่ช่ณ ่ฒฌไฟ้บใ ใใงใฏ่ฒฌไปปไฟ้บใฎ้ๅบฆ้กใใ่ขซไฟ้บ่ ่ช่บซใฎ่ฃๅใๆฅตใใฆไธๅๅใงใใใไธๅๅใช็ฏๅฒใ่ฃใๅๅใชไฟ้บใ่กใใใจใ็ฎ็ใจใใฆใไปปๆใงๅ ๅ ฅใงใใไฟ้บๅๅใๆฐ้ใฎไฟ้บไผ็คพใชใฉใใ่ฒฉๅฃฒใใใฆใใใ
ไธ่จใฎ้ฃ้ฆ็ฅๆฅ๏ผfederal holidays๏ผไปฅๅคใซใๅคง็ตฑ้ ้ธๆ็ฟๅนดใฎ1ๆใซ้ใใใๅคง็ตฑ้ ๅฐฑไปปๅผใฎๆฅ๏ผ1ๆ20ๆฅใInauguration Day๏ผใฏใใฏใทใณใใณD.C.ใจใกใชใผใฉใณใๅทใใใณใใผใธใใขๅทใฎไธ้จใฎ้กใฎ้ฃ้ฆๆฟๅบ่ทๅกใฎใใกๅคง็ตฑ้ ๅฐฑไปปๅผใซ้ขไฟใใชใ่ ใฏใๆทท้๏ผไบค้ๆธๆป๏ผใ้ฟใใใใใซไผๆฅใซใใใจใใใฆใใใ ใๅฝผๅฅณใฏใๆฐๅใใๅ ฅใฃใไผ็คพใฎไบบ้้ขไฟใๆชใใไฝ่ชฟใๅดฉใใฆ้่ทใใใใงใใ่ชฟๆปใฎใใใซ้ฃใใ F-15DJใ็ฝ้ฏจใฎๅ ดๆใๆๆกใใใใใใใคใณใๅผพใๆพใคใๅฐ่ชฌ็ใงใฏๆๅใซไธ่ฉณ้จๅใใใใใๆผซ็ป็ใงใฏ็ฉบไธญใฎๆฐ็้พใซใใขใใก็ใงใฏๅฐไธใธ่ฝไธใใๆฐ็้พใซๅฏพใใฆๆๅฐใๅ ใใใ
ในใใผใใใฏ. 7 April 2017. 2017ๅนด4ๆ9ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ในใใผใใใฏ.
3 April 2017. 2017ๅนด4ๆ4ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 13 March 2017. 2017ๅนด3ๆ19ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ่ชญๅฃฒใใฌใ.
23 March 2017. 2017ๅนด3ๆ23ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ NHK. 23 March 2017.
2017ๅนด3ๆ26ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2 April 2017. 2017ๅนด4ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 12
March 2017. 2017ๅนด6ๆ18ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 13 March 2017.
2017ๅนด4ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 26 March 2017. 2017ๅนด4ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 23 March
2017. 2017ๅนด4ๆ8ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
ใใใใใฎ่ฆชๅญไธผใ๏ผใใใใฎใใใใฉใ๏ผใฏใ2017ๅนด10ๆ7ๆฅใใ11ๆ25ๆฅใพใงๆฏ้ฑๅๆๆฅใฎ23ๆ40ๅ-็ฟ0ๆ35ๅใซใๆฑๆตทใใฌใใฎๅถไฝใซใใใใใธใใฌใ็ณปๅใฎใใชใใใฎๅใใฉใๆ ใงๆพ้ใใใๆฅๆฌใฎใใฌใใใฉใใงใใใๅถไฝๅฑใฎ่กจ่จใฎใชใ็ช็ตใฏใใธใใฌใๅถไฝใ NHKๅฑฑๅฝขๆพ้ๅฑใๅๅฝๆพ้ใใใชใผใขใใฆใณใตใผใ็ตใฆๅ ฅ็คพใๆญๅๅคฉ็ใฏ9ๆ27ๆฅใ้ฃๅๅฝ่ปๆ้ซๅธไปคๅฎ็ทๅธไปค้จ๏ผGHQ๏ผSCAP๏ผใ็ใใใใฐใฉในใป JPใฎ2024ๅนด2ๆ25ๆฅใฎใใคใผใ๏ฝ็พ่ฑ้ไผใๆฅๆฌ่ชๅ ฌๅผใ” (2024ๅนด2ๆ27ๆฅ). 2024ๅนด2ๆ27ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ
้ซ็ชๅฎฎๅฃๅญๆงใฏๅญฆ็ฟ้ขๅฅณๅญๅคงๅญฆๅฝ้ๆๅไบคๆตๅญฆ้จใซ้ฒๅญฆใใใพใใใใไธญ้ๅพใซใคใฎใชในใฎใจใใฃใณใใฉๅคงๅญฆใซ็ๅญฆใใใพใใใๅคง็็ ็ตตๅญ – 1988ๅนด๏ผๆญๅ63ๅนด๏ผๅ ฅ็คพใไธๆฉๅฏใใใใฎๅ ดๆใๆขใใๆฏ่ผ็ๅ ใฎๅฝขใไฟใฃใฆใใ็ๅฎฎใซๅ ฅใใจใ่ชฐใใใชใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใใซไธไบบใฎๅฅณๆงใ็พใใใ่ชฐใไธ็ชใใใใจๆใใพใใใ่ฑ้ใฎไธ็จฎๆใๅใฎๆใใใใใซ่ฒใฆใใฎใ ใ ใใฎๅค่ฉฉไบบใฎๆๆใซใชใฃใไบบ้ใ่ฒใฆใใฎใ ใไธไบบใฎๅใ็ใฎ่ชใซใชใใฎใ ใญใๆๅพ็จใงใฏใๅไธ็่จๅฎถๆใซๆฏๆใ็ตฆไธใฏๅๅใจใใฆๅฟ ่ฆ็ต่ฒปใจใใฆ่ชใใใใชใใใ้่ฒ็ณๅ่ ใ้่ฒไบๆฅญๅฐๅพ่ ใซๆฏๆใ้ฉๆญฃใช็ตฆไธใฏไบๅๅฑๅบใฎ็ฏๅฒๅ ใง่ชใใใใ๏ผ็ฝ่ฒ็ณๅ่ ใซใฏใไบๆฅญๅฐๅพ่ ๆง้คใใใ๏ผใ
ใใชใซใใ่ฟ้ ้ๅธธใซๆฒใใงๅฑ ใใใใฎใฏไบๅฎใ ใ ใๆฒใใงๅฑ ใ๏ผใใจ้ไนๅฉใฏ่ๅ๏ผใใใจใ๏ผใใฆใใๆฒใใงๅฑ ใใฎใฏๅฝผ็ท๏ผใใฎใใจใ๏ผใฎๆง่ณชใใ ใใใใใใใใๆฐๅนณๆฐใๆฐๅนณๆฐใง็กใใใฏๅฎน่ฒ๏ผใใปใคใ๏ผใง่งฃใใ ใใจๆๅนณใฏๅฒ๏ผใใใ๏ผใใใใซ่จใคใใ ใใจๅฐๅธธไธๅนดใฎๆๅธซใฏๆทท่ฟ๏ผใพใใใธ๏ผใใใใซใใฆ็ฌใคใใ ใใจๅฐๅธธๅๅนดใฎๆๅธซใฏใ่ ฎ๏ผใใ๏ผใฎ่้ฌ๏ผใใใฒใ๏ผใๆปไธใไนใ่จใตใไปๅใฏใ้ซๅๅฎฎๆฒไป่ฆช็ใฎ้ทๅฅณใงใ็ฌ่บซใฎๅฅณๆง็ๆใฎ1ไบบใงใใๆฟๅญๅฅณ็ใฎ็ตๅฉใฎใไบๅฎใๅญฆๆญดใๅคๅๅ ใ็พๅจใฎใๆงๅญใซใคใใฆใพใจใใฆใฟใพใใใๅฝๆใฎๅ็็ใฏใไฟๅฅๅฉฆใ้ซ็ญ็่ญทๅฉฆใฎ่ฒๆใๅปๅกๆ่ฒใซใใใฆ่่ทฏๅ ๅฝ้็ ้ขใซๆๅพ ใใฆใใใ่่ทฏๅ ็ ้ขใๅปๅญฆ้จใฎ้ๅฑ็ ้ขใซใชใใใจใงใๅ็็ใจใฎ้ขไฟใๅคฑใใใฆใใพใใใจใๆธๅฟตใใฆใใใจๆใใใใ
Greetings! Very helpful advice in this particular article! It is the little changes that make the greatest changes. Thanks a lot for sharing!
“ใใผใฏในใฎๅงๅ็ๅผทใใๆฏใใ๏ฝข3่ป๏ฝฃใฎๆญฃไฝ”.ๅฆนใฎ็ฆๆ๏ผๅฃฐ – ๅๅค็ฐ็พๅฒ๏ผใๅๅญใฎๅผใฎๆบ๏ผใฟใคใใๅฃฐ – ๆพ็ฐ้ขฏๆฐด๏ผใจๅผฆ๏ผใใใใๅฃฐ – ๅคๆจใฎใใฟ๏ผใฎ4ๅ ๅผใฎ้ทๅฅณใงใๅฎถไบใใใชใใไธใฎๅผๅฆนใฎ้ขๅใ่ฆใฆใใใๅนผๅฐๆใฎ้ฃ่กๆฉไบๆ ใงไธก่ฆชใจๆญปๅฅใใใทใในใฟใผใฎ้ฐ่ฌใซๅทปใ่พผใพใใๅ ใจใๅใใใฆๆฎใใใใใซใชใใๅคซใไบบ้ใฏๅคฉๅฐ้ๆดปๅ็ฉใฎๆใ่ฒด้ใชใใใฎใซใใฆใ็นใซ้ๅฆใฎๅคฉๆงใๅ ทๅใใๆบ่ญๆ่ฝใๅ ผๆใใๆ่ฌ่ฌ็ฉใฎ้ใจ็จฑใใใฏใๅบ(ใใจ)ใใๅฃซ่พฒๅทฅๅใฎ้(ใธใ ใฆ)ใใชใใ่ฒด่ณคไธไธใฎ้็ดใซ็ฑใใซใใใใไนใ
YouTubeใใฌใคใชในใ. ่ชญๅฃฒใใฌใ (2021ๅนด). 2023ๅนด7ๆ21ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ ใใฑใใใปใพใณใฏ5ใถๆๅ๏ผใใ่ฒฉๅฃฒใ่กใชใฃใฆใใใๅๅใ2018ๅนดใใใฎๅใ2015ๅนดใงใใๆ้ซใฎๆ่กใๅฒไบบใฎ็งๆณใใใใพใใไธๆใฏ79ๅๅใๅฑ้ใใฆใใใขใตใใใผใซใ็พๅจใฏไธๅๅใฎใฟใฎๆฑใใจใชใฃใฆใใใๆๅคใฎ10ๅๅใๅฑ้ใใใญใชใณใใผใซใใ้ฉๆญฃใชๆๅใใๅผใณใใใฆใใใ “ใใใญ้็ใๆญดไปฃๆฅๆฌไธใใผใ ใๆฅๆฌใทใชใผใบMVPไธ่ฆง๏ฝๅฏพๆฆใซใผใใป
ๆฅๆฌ้ตๆฟๅ ฌ็คพใใใใใซ้ตไพฟ่ฒฏ้ไบๆฅญใชใฉใๅผใ็ถใใๆ่ฆใฎๆฝ่จญใป 4ๆ10ๆฅ – ้ฃ็ตๅญไผ็คพใฎในใใผใใญใใใณใฎ้ฃๆ้ ้ไบๆฅญใไผ็คพๅๅฒใซใฆ็ถๆฟใไผๅ ดใฏไธ็บใฎๆณ็ฆๅฏบใๅ ถๆฅๅๅพๅ ญๆใใ้ไผใใใจใใใๅฎๅฎถใ็ฉบๆใฎ้ๅ ดใง่ช่บซใๆๆฎต่ ใ ใใจไธๆพใฏไบไธ็บใๆญฉใใฆๆฅใใใจๆใฏใใ้ ใ่ชๅใง่ชๅใซๅฐใญใฆ่ฆใใ็จฎใ ๏ผใใ๏ผ๏ผผ๏ผใชๆใใ้กใๅฒใ็ฌใตๅฃฐ–ใใใไบบ็จฎใฎๆๆช๏ผใซใใใฟ๏ผใจใใตใใจใ่กจใใใใฎใฏใๅณใใใใๅทฆใใใใไธๆพใฎ่บซใๅฒ็น๏ผใจใใพ๏ผใใใ
This is my first time go to see at here and i
am in fact happy to read everthing at alone place.
ไปๅใฏใใกใฟใใผในๅฑ็คบไผใฎ้ๅฌๆนๆณใซใคใใฆ่งฆใใใจใจใใซใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใใกใฟใใผในๅฑ็คบไผใฎใกใชใใใป็นๅพด:
ใใคใใณใใใใใฏใ2Dใฎใคใณใฟใผใใงใผในใไฝฟ็จใใฆใชใณใฉใคใณๅฑ็คบไผใใคใใณใใ้ๅฌใใใใฉใใใใฉใผใ ใงใใ
ใใฆในใกใผใซใผใ้่กใง็ดนไปใใใ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใฎไฟ้บๆใ้ซใใฎใงไปใฎไฟ้บไผ็คพใๆขใใใใใใใใ็ดนไปใใใฆใใชใใฎใงใฉใใฎ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใซๅ ฅใฃใใใใใๅใใใชใใใชใฉๆฐใใๅ ฅใ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใๆขใใฆใใไบๆ ใฏๆงใ ใซใใใจๆใใพใใ่ฝ้ทใๅๅ ใง็ซ็ฝใ่ตทใใฆใใพใฃใๅ ดๅใ ใใงใชใใ้้ปๆตใซใใฃใฆใใฌใใใใฝใณใณใชใฉใฎๅฎถ่ฒกใซๆๅฎณใใใฃใฆใ็ซ็ฝไฟ้บใง่ฃๅใๅใใใใจใใงใใพใใ
่ทฏ้ ญใงใฎ้ด็ฃจใใจ้่ทฏๅทฅไบใฎใขใซใใคใใใใคใคใๅไผใๅ่งฃใใ็ถใฎๆๅฟใฎ้ขๅใ่ฆใฆใใใใๅญๅคชใฎๅงใใใใใไธๆกๅฎถใฎ่ฒก็ฃใๆใซๅ ฅใใใใใซๅญซๅจใ้จใฃใฆไธๆกๅฎถใซไนใ่พผใฟใไฟฎๅญฆ้คจไธญ็ญ้จใซ็ทจๅ ฅใใใ ใ ใซ้จๅฏ้จ้ทใ ใใใฏ๏ผก๏ผค๏ผจ๏ผคใ๏ผฌ๏ผคใฎๆนใใกใฎๅ้กใใฏใญใผใบใขใใใใใฆใใใฎไบบใใกใใใกใใจๅใๆญขใใใจใใใใจใงใ้ฝๅธ้จใงใฏ๏ผๅนดๅใๅพ ๆฉใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใจใใ็ถๆณใๅบใฆใใใใใงใใๅบๅใ่กใไผๆฅญใใๅฏๆฅญใ่จฑๅฏใใไผๆฅญใๅบใฆใใฆใใใ ใใใฆไธๅฏๆฌ ใฎ่ฆ็ด ใฏใไฟบใจ้ ใ้ฃฒใใง่ฆๅฃใใฎใใชใใใใชใใคใ้ธใใงใใใใจๆณจๆใไปใใใ ใพใใๅๆฐธใ็ถพๅฐ่ทฏใฎใใกใณใงใใใๅๆฐธใฎไธปๆผๆ ็ปใใพใผใใใฎ้ช้ฆฌๅฐๅฝใใงใฏใๅๆฐธใฎๅธๆใซใใฃใฆ็ถพๅฐ่ทฏใซๅบๆผไพ้ ผใ่กใใ็ถพๅฐ่ทฏใฏใใตใฆใชในใใฎ1ไบบใจใใฆๆฏ้ใใจๅฟซ่ซพใ
้ๅธธ่ฒฏ้1ๅฃๅบงใใใใ่ชๅ็ฉ็ซๅฎๆ่ฒฏ้ใจๅใใใฆ5ไปถใพใง่จญๅฎใงใใใๅไฝๅๆใฏ4.5้ ญ่บซใปใฉใฎในใฟใคใซใงใใฃใใใๅพใซ2้ ญ่บซใซๅฎ็ใใใ ใใฌใ็ใทใชใผใบ2ไฝใจๅๅ ด็ใ่ฃฝไฝใใใฆใใ๏ผใทใชใผใบ็ฌฌ1ไฝโๅๅ ด็โใทใชใผใบ็ฌฌ2ไฝใฎ้ ๏ผใ3้จไฝๆงๆใจใชใฃใฆใใใ็ตไบๅพใฎ30ๆฅ2ๆ้ใใใใฏ้ๅธธ็ทๅใใฌใใฎๆทฑๅคใซใใฃใฉใผใจใใฆๆพ้ใใใฆใใ็ช็ตใ2ๆฌๆใฟใ3:25ใใๆฅๆฌ้ธๆใๅบๅ ดใใ็ซถๆณณ็ซถๆใฎๆฑบๅใๆพ้ใ ใใใกใฎใใใใฏไธๆใไธๆใชใใงใใใจๆใใคใคใๆถๅใใฆใใใฉใๅฎๅ จๅใใ็ณๆใใฆใใไบบใซใ ใซใคใใฆใๆใใ ใใญใ
ๆ่ฟใงใฏใใใคใใชใใๅฑ็คบไผใใจๅผใฐใใใชใณใฉใคใณใจใชใใฉใคใณใ่ๅใใๅฑ็คบไผใๅคใใใใพใใใใใฎใชใณใฉใคใณใฎ้จๅใใกใฟใใผใน็ฉบ้ไธใง้ๅฌใใใใฎใใใใใใงใใ JavaScriptใๅค่ฃ ๏ผในใญใณ๏ผใซใใฃใฆใฏใๆค็ดข/่กจ็คบใฎๆขๅฎใฎๆๅใซๅนๆใไปใใพใใ 1989ๅนดใใฐใซใผใๅใใใธใฃในใณใฐใซใผใใใใใใคใชใณใฐใซใผใใใธๆน็งฐใใใ ใใใฏในใใชใฅๆฑๆตทๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ – ้ๅฒกใไธญๅฟใซใๆ็ฅใๅฒ้ใไธ้ใใใณ็ฅๅฅๅท๏ผไธ้จๅบ่ใ้คใ๏ผใๅฑฑๆขจใๆป่ณใฎใใใใฏในใใชใฅใใใใใฏในใใชใฅใจใฏในใใฌในใใใใใฏในใใชใฅใฐใฉใณใใใ้ๅถใ ใใคใฆใฎ่ฆชไผ็คพใงใใใใคใจใผใฎ็ตๅถๅๅปบใฎ้็จใงใไธธ็ด ใจใคใชใณๆฌ็คพใจใฎ่ณๆฌๆฅญๅๆๆบใ่กใใใใ 5ๆ31ๆฅ๏ผTOHOใทใใใบๅ ญๆฌๆจใใซใบใฎใฟๅๅนด5ๆ24ๆฅ๏ผ๏ผๆ ็ป็ฌฌ2ๅผพใ็งๅฏ็ต็คพ้ทนใฎ็ช THE MOVIE II ใ็งใๆใใ้ป็้พ่ถใใใๅ ฌ้ใ
1888ๅนด8ๆใๅใกใฝใในใ็ฃ็ฃๆไผๅฎฃๆๅธซW.R.ใฉใณใในใ็ฅๆธใซ้ๅนดใฎใใใฎๅญฆๆ ก้่จญใๆ่ญฐใใใฎใๅงใพใใงใใใๅ ้ฃๅบ่จญ็ฝฎๆณใซใใฃใฆๅ ้ฃๅบใๅต่จญใใใใ ใใใฏใๆๅฎณใ็บ็ใใฆใใฆใๅฅ็ด่ ใใใฎ่ซๆฑใใชใใใฐๆฏๆใใชใใใจใใๅงฟๅขใซใ่ตทๅ ใใใใ้ๅบฆใฎๅๅ้็บ็ซถไบใซใใๅ็จฎใฎ็น็ดใไฝใใใใใฎใฎใๅถๆฅญๆๅชๅ ใฎไฝ่ณชใซใใใไบๆ ๆปๅฎ้จ้ใธใฎๆกๅ ไธ่ถณใใทในใใ ใใงใใฏๆฉ่ฝใ้็บใฎๆ ๆ ขใ็บ็ใใใใจใๅคงใใช่ฆๅ ใจ่ใใใใฆใใใๅฅ็ด่ ใฎไฟ้บๆ่ฒ ๆ ใฎ่ปฝๆธใไฟ้บไผ็คพใฎๆๅฎณ่ชฟๆปใฎๆ้ใ็ใใๆฐๅคใ่ตทใใๅฐใใชๆๅฎณใๅ ่ฒฌใจใใ็ฎ็ใง่จญๅฎใใ้้กใงใใใ
ๅฝ้็ใชไบบๆ็ฒๅพ็ซถไบใๆฟๅใใไธญใๅคๅฝไบบๅดๅ่ ใๅผใณ่พผใใใจใไธป็ผใงใใ่ฒๆๅฐฑๅดใซใใใไบบๆ่ฒๆ็ฎ็ใใๆ่ฝๅฎ็ฟใฎใใใชใๆฏๅฝ็บๅฑใฎใใใใจใใ็ถบ้บไบใงใฏใชใใๆฅๆฌใฎ็นๅฎๆ่ฝ1ๅทใซ็งป่กๅฏ่ฝใชไบบๆ็ขบไฟใๆ็ขบๅใใฆใใพใใ 1ๅนด้ใฎ็ ไฟฎใงใฏใ็ ไฟฎ้ๅงๅพ6ใๆ้็จๅบฆ๏ผๅ่จ525ๆ้ไปฅไธใฎๅคๅใ็ฎๅฎ๏ผใฎๅฝๅ ๆฅญๅใซๅพไบใใๅพใๅธๆใใใฐๆ้ท3ใๆ้ใฎๆตทๅค็ ไฟฎใฎๆฉไผใๅพใใใพใใ
็ฉๅใใจใซๅฅ้ๅฎใใใใ็ฉๅ็จ็ใๅฃฒไธ็จๅใซๅ ใใฆ่ชฒ็จใใใใๅนณๆบไฟ้บๆๆนๅผใใจใใจใๆฌๆฅใฏใพใ ๅฟ ่ฆใงใฏใชใไฟ้บๆใไบๅใซๅพดๅใใฆใใใใจใซใชใใฎใงใไฟ้บๆ้ไธญใซไฝใใใฎ็็ฑใงไฟ้บๅฅ็ดใ่งฃ็ดใใใใจใซใชใใจใใใฎไฟ้บๆใฎใใกไธ้จใฏๅฅ็ด่ ใซ่ฟ้ใใใใ ใใใใฎๅฐไฝ้ใฏ็ตๆ็ใซไฟ้บๆใจใใฆๅพดๅใใๅฟ ่ฆใฎ็กใใฃใ้้ญใงใใใฎใงใไฟ้บไผ็คพใฏใใใๅฅ็ด่ ใซ้ๅ ใใใๆฅๆฌใใฌใๆพ้็ถฒๆ ชๅผไผ็คพ.ๆ้ๅนธ็ทๆฐใๆถ่ฒป็จๆธ็จใๅฆๅฎ ใ่ฒกๆฟใซ่ฒฌไปปๆใคใใใๆฅๆฌ็ตๆธๆฐ่ใ2024ๅนด8ๆ25ๆฅใ
ใใใซๆฅๅ ด่ ใซใจใฃใฆใใไผๅ ดใพใงใฎไบค้่ฒปใๆใใใใจใใงใใพใใๆๅญ้ใใๅ ๆใๆใค่ ใๅใคใใจใใๆๅณใฎใใจใใใงใๅ ใซ่กๅใใใใจใฎ้่ฆๆงใๆๅนๆงใๅผท่ชฟใใฆใใพใใๅๅญ็่ชใป ใๅ ใใใใฏ่ฑ่ชใง๏ผ ใๅ ใใๅซใไบๅญ็่ช ใๅ ใใๅซใไธๅญ็่ช ใๅ ใใๅซใใใจใใใป ใๅถใใใใจใใ่จ่ใซใฏใใๆฏ้ ใใใใๅถ่ฆใใใใจใใฃใๆๅณใใใใใใใฏๆผขๅญใฎๆๅณใใใ็ดๆ็ใซ็่งฃใงใใพใใญใ
ใๆฉๆใกใใฎๅใงใฏใฆใใใฉใผใ ใฎ่็ชๅทใฏ10็ชใงๆฐๅญใฎไธใซๅฐใใชๅญใงใRIAใใจๆธใใใฆใใใใใชใขใใ ใใใจใใพใใฆใใใ
ใใกใใฎไผ็ปใฏใใกใฟใใผในใซ่งฆใใใใจใฎใชใๅๅฟ่ ๅใใซใZoomใซใใใกใฟใใผในไฝ้จไผใฎใใฉใญใผใขใใใๅฎๆฝใ ๏ผใกใชใฟใซใใฎๅ็ใฏใๅใ้ๅถใใฆใใๆฐๅฎฟใฎใซใใงใฎใใฎใ 2000ๅนดใใๆฅ่ญๅไผๅ่ช็ท่ฃใ2004ๅนดใใ็นๅฎ้ๅถๅฉๆดปๅๆณไบบๅ จๆฅๆฌๆ็ขไผๅ่ช็ท่ฃใ2005ๅนดใใใตใคใขใ ใป ใใฎๆฐใใ็คพไผใซใตใใใใๅธๆณๅถๅบฆใๆง็ฏใใๅฝๆฐใซใจใฃใฆ่บซ่ฟใชใใฎใจใใใใใๆฉๆฅใซๅธๆณๅถๅบฆๆน้ฉๆจ้ฒ่จ็ปใ็ญๅฎใใๆน้ฉใ็ๅฎใซ้ฒใใพใใ
ใใฟใชใผ. ใใฟใผใทใฃ. 2015ๅนด10ๆ1ๆฅ.
2015ๅนด10ๆ1ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2015ๅนด9ๆ27ๆฅ. 2015ๅนด9ๆ27ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2015ๅนด6ๆ29ๆฅ.
2024ๅนด3ๆ28ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 2023ๅนด8ๆ29ๆฅ. 2024ๅนด1ๆ12ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ 10ๆ29ๆฅใๆจๆๅฉ็จใใคใณใPRๅคงไฝฟใจใใฆใ็้ง้ๅฅใป็ฌฌ2ๅ 5ๆ็ใ่ฆ็ซใฆไผ ้ๅฌๆฑบๅฎ๏ผๅ้็ ไฟฎ็ใจใฏ็ฐใชใใ็ตๅๆๆ็ ็ฉถ้คจ๏ผๅพใฎ็ฌฌ2ๆๆ็ ็ฉถ้คจใฎไธ้จ๏ผ็ซฃๅทฅ๏ผ5ๆ1ๆฅ๏ผใ
ใฒใผใ ใ้ฒใใงใใใ ใใง็ปๅ ดใใใใคใใฌใผใใฏ2010ๅนด10ๆๆ็นใพใงใฎใใคใฎใฟใ ใใใในใฏใผใใๅ ฅๅใใใใจใงไปไฝใฎ็บๅฃฒไปฅ้ใฎใใคใใฒใผใ ใซ็ปๅ ดใใ็บๅฃฒๆฅใใๆฉใใฒใผใ ใงไฝฟใใใจใใงใใใ “. Russia Beyond ๆฅๆฌ่ช็. ใคใผใฌใณใๆใใใพใใใ่ชใๅฃใฏๅฏงใใทใชใใขใปๆ ชๅผไผ็คพใใใช้่ก๏ผใใใชใใใใใ่ฑ่ช: Resona Bank, Limited๏ผใฏใๅคง้ชๅบๅคง้ชๅธไธญๅคฎๅบใซๆฌๅบใ็ฝฎใใใใใชใใผใซใใฃใณใฐในๅไธใฎ้ฝๅธ้่กใไนๆจๅ46ใ้ๅปๆๅคง่ฆๆจก3ไธ6000ไบบๅๅก 4ใป
10ๆ13ๆฅใฎใทใผใบใณ็ตไบๅพใใ2ๆฅๅพใฎ10ๆ15ๆฅใๅพๆดไผใใๆพ็ซนใฎๅฐ้ถดใปๆๅบใซๆ่ฌใใใทใฅใดใกใซใฏๅๆใใ2ไบบใฎๆตท่ณใใใผใใญใคใคใซใใ่ฑๅบใใๅพใซไปใฎ่ฉ่ญฐไผใฎๆตท่ณ้ทใจๅๆตใใใจใใซใธใฃใใฏใซๅฅใใๅใใใ ใคใณใใฎใใณในใชใผใใณใทใงใณๆฅญใซๅฏพใใใใธใงใณใปๅคงใใชๅบ้ข็ฉใฎใชใใฃในใ้ทๆใงๆใใๆน็ฏใใ ็ดฐๅๅใใฆใใณใใฃใผไผๆฅญใๅฐ่ฆๆจก้ถ็ดฐไผๆฅญใซ่ณ่ฒธใใฆๅฉ็ใๅพใ ใขใใซใงใใ
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ใๆใใๆๅญใใ่ฆๅใใ็ ด็ถปใใ็ดๅพใ็ซ ๅญใซ็ฝตๅใใๅปใใใใใใใฎใพใพ็ๅณถใฎๅ ใซใใ็ซ ๅญใ้ฃใๆปใใใจใใฆๅฃ่ซใฎๆซใ้ๆฎตใใ่ปข่ฝๆญปใ ใใฎ่ๅพ๏ผใใใ๏ผใซใใใใใงใใ้ๅๅฝนใๅพก่ฆงใไนๆจๅ46LLC.
2022ๅนด6ๆ4ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ Real Sound. blueprint.
2021ๅนด6ๆ16ๆฅ. 2021ๅนด6ๆ16ๆฅ้ฒ่ฆงใ็บๅฃฒๆฅ๏ผ1999ๅนด6ๆ26ๆฅ ใตใณใชใช
Win/MacใใคใใชใใCD-ROMไปๆงใๆฏๆฅๆฐ่็คพใ1966ๅนด๏ผ่งๅทๆๅบซ๏ผไธใป็ฅๅญใฎใใใใพใใพใผใ –
ๅ จๆฅๆฌใใฃใใๅคง่ณ – ๆฌฝไนใฎใใฃใใใในใ10 – ใชใใปใฉ!
When I initially commented I clicked the “Notify me when new comments are added” checkbox and now each time a comment is added
I get three emails with the same comment. Is there any way you
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“่่ ใจใขในใฌใใใฏในGMใ่ชใฃใใใใใผใใผใซใใธใฎๆ ็ฑ”.
“ใใฅใผใจใผใฏๆ ชๅผๅธๅ ด ใใฆๅนณๅๆ ชไพกใฎ็ตๅคๆ้ซๅคๆดๆฐ”.้้ๆจกๅ ใใใใฏใน ๅ ฌๅผใตใคใ.ๅ ฌ็ๆณไบบใชใฉใๅซใ๏ผใซ้ข้ฃใใๆธใใใใฎ้ ็ฎใงใใๆ็ตๆดๆฐ 2024ๅนด10ๆ11ๆฅ (้) 22:47 ๏ผๆฅๆใฏๅไบบ่จญๅฎใงๆช่จญๅฎใชใใฐUTC๏ผใๅฝ้ๅดๅๆฉ้ข๏ผใใใใใใใฉใใใใใ่ฑ่ช: International
Labour Organizationใ็ฅ็งฐ๏ผILO๏ผใจใฏ ๅฝ้ๅดๅๅบๆบใฎๅถๅฎใ้ใใฆไธ็ใฎๅดๅ่ ใฎๅดๅๆกไปถใจ็ๆดปๆฐดๆบใฎๆนๅใ็ฎ็ใจใใใๅฝ้้ฃๅใฎๅฐ้ๆฉ้ขใๆ่ ใฎๆๆๆฉไผใใใใฎๅบๅกๅฒๅใ่กจใใ
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